Chii ehupfumi kunge legiruemye simbi?

Zvinozivikanwa kuti simbi rurefu kwomwoyo (99.99 muzana kana kupfuura fuma chaiyo) vane simba pasi, nokuvaita zvakaoma kushandisa. Anosiyiwa vari aruminiyamu uye mhangura, zvinoshandiswa magetsi mapurani. Steel, maererano functionality yavo, vanofanira nhaka Rigidity, kupfeka nemishonga, zvakaoma, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, elasticity uye ductility Zvisinei simbi yakachena fomu kusika navo kukodzera.

Legiruemye simbi dzakasiyana zvavo pamberi artificially akasuma yokuvirisa izvo kuona zvimwe zvivako zviri chiwanikwa munguva yemberi. Saka, muna vanhuwo kabhoni simbi iri siyana zvikuru "zviyo" ferrite, cementite, uye perlite. Pakatanga pamusoro alloying zvinhu kabhoni nhamba kazhinji wakaderedzwa mu pearlite (anowedzera simbi simba).

Legiruemye simbi nokusuma okuwedzera zvinhu kazhinji vane kururama sekristaro yekamuri, kuti anogona kupa mamwe viscosity (panguva vachikuya zviyo perlite uye ferrite), vasanyanye munyika kushushikana, akaderedza ndingangokuvara cracking walnut panguva kuomesa kana nokuwedzera kudzika zvinhu uye calcining unto.

The ehupfumi pamusoro Stainless simbi dziri zvakananga novimba dzokuwedzera zvinoriumba. Somuenzaniso, mamiriro okunze chromium uye nickel kunze simbi kubva ngura, manganese kunowedzera kwechirwere nemishonga, kupfeka kuzvidzivirira neukukutu inowedzerawo. Yakadaro chinhu chakadai nesilicon, inoita nyaya kuti nani kukunda ekushandiswa acids uye cobalt kunowedzera mukuru-tembiricha simba.

Legiruemye simbi makemikari anoumba rakakamurwa high-, medium- uye shoma-chiwanikwa (zviri yokuvirisa hunopfuura 10%, 2,5 - 10% uye asingasviki 2,5% azvaitwa). In massively anobudiswa srednelegirovannye simbi (kuwedzererwa vanoumba anenge 5-6%) kubva pearlite mamiriro. Mumwe STRUCTURAL alloys ose sezvamunoita (martensitic, carbide, austenitic, ferritic) vari ishoma.

Nokuti zvinhu izvi mhando, uyewo mamwe maindasitiri zvigadzirwa, ane yayo GOST. Chiwanikwa steels dzinoiswa nemitemo hurumende № 4543 - 71, umo munhu anogona kuona uwandu zvimwe zvinoumba mune simbi imwe muchiso. Somuenzaniso, hromomargantsovonikelevy chiwanikwa pamwe titanium uye molybdenum 25HGNMT yokuenzanisira rinoumbwa anosvika 0.29% kabhoni, kusvikira 0.37% nesilicon, kusvika 0,8 muzana manganese, kusvika 0,6% uye 1.10% kubva chromium uye nickel (azvaitwa ), kusvika nehafu muzana molybdenum uye 0.09 muzana titanium. Kuwedzera musanganiswa uye michina nezvinodiwa GOST ine zvizere mashoko pamusoro chigadzirwa nekuongororwa nzira, kugamuchirwa mitemo, zvekufambisa, kavha uye nevamwe.

Legiruemye uyewo mapoka mapoka akawanda zvakaenzana chinangwa: kuvaka, zvishandiso (iyo itakurwe rokutema munowanika drills, mafaira, masaha, azvikuya vematombo, nezvimwewo (zvinoshandiswa zvokuimba engineering, kuvakwa mabhiriji, njanji motokari, mafuta uye gasi, namatsime, namatsime, etc..) .) uye anokosha-chinangwa simbi kuva mukuru nemishonga pamusoro ngura yacho electrochemical mhando.