Chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers

Nhasi, pasina kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana Polymers, zvichida, hazviiti kufunga chimwe okuwana ano. Ivo akahwina hukuru chinzvimbo mune rinorema bhizimisi uye kuvakwa uyewo muchiedza uye zvokudya Mazinga. Chii zvinhu ichi chinoshamisa?

Ndezvipi Polymers

Resin - iri macromolecular fuma zvinosanganisira nekorasi cheni zvivako (monomers). zvidzidzo zvakadaro polymer cheni kunogona zvikuru zvakawanda. kudyidzana kwavo mumwe achishandisa covalent zvisungo iyo pave paumbwe macromolecules.

Polymers vari Organic kana inorganic mavambo. The Organic samolecular yeimwe, kuvapo kabhoni kunodiwa, zvisina chinokosha inorganic kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa hurongwa. Organic polymeric yeimwe vari hetero maatomu akafanana-kabhoni-chain uye.

Uyezve, mashoko Polymers vachiri rakakamurwa dzinongoitika, chakagadzirwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa. Makavigwa Organic monotsepey nevamwe nemakemikari rakagadzirwa chakagadzirwa macromolecular akakura. Somuenzaniso, donje shinda kana makemikari kwacho, iri dzikwanise chakaita zvokugadzirwa polymeric fibers.

Uye ndezvipi kubata Polymers ose chakaita zvokugadzirwa? Modern kugadzira pezvakaitwa kubvumira kusikwa risiri chairo kana synthesizing Polymers pasina kushandisa makemikari nyaya, kureva, paumbwe chakagadzirwa nezvinhu. Chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers vari vakazvigadzirirwa nyore kwetunhu kuderedzwa samolecular zvinhu kana nedzimwe chakaita zvokugadzirwa polymeric zvinhu.

kupatsanura pakati Polymers

Zvimiso systematization classifies muvira anotevera mapoka:

1. Natural mhuka Polymers anoshandiswa vanhu kwenguva refu. Mienzaniso ndeizvi: gelatin, glycogen.

2. Natural chirimwa Polymers, izvo tiri dzinodanana. Izvi starch, rabha, cellulose uye lignin.

3. Natural chicherwa Polymers - zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa silica kana Goldstone chicherwa inonzi dombo sekristaro. Painted sekristaro anova ibwe rinokosha - neametisi. In weupfu chimiro zvakanyorwa mudzoke nejecha dzose.

4. chakagadzirwa Polymers akaita kubva Organic monomers. Cellulose zvinhu leaching kushandisa polyesters akaita: ethylcellulose, benziltsellyuloza uye methylcellulose yaishandiswa pendi indasitiri. Vazhinji vakadaro zvinhu zvinoitwa dzemakwai, dehwe, makushe, sirika uye zvichingodaro. D.

5. chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers vari zvinowanzoshandiswa zhinji maindasitiri sectors, takagamuchira rakapararira hombe. Somuenzaniso, mune chiedza indasitiri vari dzakarukwa uye dzakarukwa micheka ose chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers akadai polyester, zvinhu zvenaironi, polypropylene, nitrone. Vane simba chaizvo uye husingakuvadzi zvisingafi. Chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers date anomiririra inokosha maumbirwo zvinyama fibers yaunganidzwa polycondensation mamwe makemikoro acids akadai ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, mumwe polyolefin kana polyacrylonitrile. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha unhu polimerov- "madzitateguru" vari zvitange, uye ane polisoedineniyam zvachose itsva. Somugumisiro, tinowana chiedza chaizvo uye kwakavharwa nenyama zvinhu pamwe yakaderera chafariz conductivity, husingakwanisi nemakemikari, panyama uye mhepo yakapoteredza nemigumisiro.

Nemhaka zhinji ehupfumi zvinokosha, chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers vakawana kushanda kwete Whitehead Textile indasitiri, asiwo mushonga, uye zvizoro pefiyumu maindasitiri, zvokurima, motokari, kuvaka, mhuri uye zvimwe minda.