Encoding "Unicode": hunhu Coding mureza

Internet ose mushandisi achiedza kumisa mumwe kana mamwe kwayo basa kanenge kamwe akaona pamadziro akanyorwa nemabhii Latin shoko "Unicode." Chii, uchadzidza nokuverenga nyaya ino.

tsananguro

Encoding "Unicode" - unhu yeEncoding mureza. Rakanga wakatangwa na Unicode Inc. vasiri mubereko sangano muna 1991. Mureza akagadzirirwa kuunza pamwe kupfuura zvinoita nhamba pakubhadhara akasiyana vacho gwaro. Page, yakasimbiswa pahwaro hwayo, anogona ane tsamba uye vatambi kubva mumitauro (kubva Russian kuna Korean) uye akarongeka zviratidzo. Muchiitiko chino, vose vevatambi vari unhu yakatarwa anonyorwa pasina matambudziko.

Zvikonzero pakasikwa

Noumwe nguva, refu asati nechitarisiko rimwe ino "Unicode" yeEncoding anosarudzwa inobva zvaunofarira nemunyori racho. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kazhinji kuverenga gwaro, zvakanga zvakakodzera kushandisa matafura akasiyana. Dzimwe nguva zvakakodzera kuita kanoverengeka, izvo zvinoomesa zvikuru upenyu avhareji user. Sezvambotaurwa, kuti dambudziko iri muna 1991 akakokwa Unicode Inc. sangano asiri purofiti kupa itsva mhando unhu yeEncoding. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa chokubatanidza nderechinyakare uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa. "Unicode" - imwe yeEncoding kuti ozvolila kuzadzisa zvisingafungidziriki panguva: kuti chombo hunotsigira akawandisa vatambi. Zvakaguma kumbenge zhinji - paiva magwaro panguva yaiva vose Chirungu uye Russian rugwaro, Latin, uye akarongeka mashoko.

Asi kusikwa rakabatana Coding pashure aifanira kugadzirisa zvinetso kuti vavapo nokuda hombe-siyana zvinodiwa hunotovapo panguva iyoyo. Vakawanda vavo:

• Elvish kunyora, kana "gibberish";
• kuitwa chimiro yakatarwa;
• dambudziko rokuchinja codings;
• Fonts kuburitsa mufananidzo.

Small zvenhoroondo excursus

Fungidzira kuti muchivanze 80th. Computer Hardware haisi nevakawanda uye ane chimiro zvakasiyana nhasi. Nepo mumwe Os kunoshamisa uye yakanatswa chaizvo zvinodiwa ose Zvokutopenga wacho. Zvaidikanwa kupanana ruzivo iri vatendeuka kuva okuwedzera rework zvose. Kuedza verenga gwaro akasikwa neimwe uchishandisa hurongwa, kazhinji anoratidza chinoshamisa akagadzirwa vatambi, uye mutambo rinotanga pamwe yeEncoding. Haugari kukurumidza kuzviita, uye dzimwe nguva zvakakodzera gwaro Atadza kuvhura mune mwedzi mitanhatu, uye kunyange paya. Vanhu kazhinji kutsinhanisa ruzivo, asike vakazviitira patafura kutendeuka. Zvino kushanda navo kunoratidza inonakidza nezvemashandiro: kudiwa kuumba navo nenzira mbiri, "kubvira wangu dzako" neshure. Ita banal inversion kadambari muchina asingagoni, nokuti zvakarurama mbiru kunobva, uye kuruboshwe - mugumisiro, asi kwete vakutarisire. Kana ukaona kuti vanofanira kushandisa chero chinokosha vatambi vari gwaro, vaifanira kutanga akawedzera, uye ipapo mumwe, uye kutsanangura kuti nemudiwa zvaanoda kuita kuti vanhu ava havana kuva "gibberish." Uye ngatirege kukanganwa kuti yeEncoding ose aifanira kutanga kana nekuita fonts dzavo, izvo zvakazoita kuti paumbwe akawandisa akagadzirwa zvakafanana mune Os.

Fungidzira zvakare kuti fonts papeji, muchaona 10 zvidimbu dzakafanana Times New Roman duku katsamba nokuti UTF-8, UTF-16, ANSI, UCS-2. Zvino unonzwisisa kuti kukura yezvisikwa mitemo dze?

"Akatanga dzamadzibaba creators ose"

Kwakatangira kwezvisikwa Unicode kuti kuwanikwa muna 1987 apo Dzho Bekker kubva Xerox, pamwe Lee Collins uye Mark Davis kubva Apple akatanga tsvakurudzo mumunda hunobatsira kusikwa zvakasikwa hunhu yakatarwa. Muna August 1988, Dzho Bekker yakabudisa ubate panyaya nokuda kwezvisikwa 16-ikakuruma multi-lingual dzakawanda Coding hurongwa.

Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare Unicode achishanda boka racho rakawedzerwa Ken Whistler uye Mike Kernegana kubva RLG, Glenn Rayt pamusoro Sun Microsystems uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoverengeka, zvichiita pakupera basa pazuva rokutanga paumbwe nevakawanda Coding mureza.

tsananguro mukuru

The Unicode inobva pfungwa chiratidzo. Under tsanangudzo iyi zvinoreva husingaoneki chakajairika kuti iripo imwe muchimiro kunyora uye vakaziva kuburikidza grapheme ( "Portraits" yavo). Mumwe mutambi anopiwa mu "Unicode" rakasiyana remitemo kuva imwe chikwata mureza. Semuenzaniso grapheme B kuri muna Chirungu uye bumbiro Russian, asi unoenderana Unicode 2 zvakasiyana vatambi. Vari pasi kutendeuka kuti lowercase, t. E., nechimwe chinotaura kiyi Database, chine zvivako uye wakazara zita.

Kubatsira Unicode

Kubva vamwe vakararama yeEncoding "UNICODE" Pane zvikuru ndiri zviratidzo kuti "encryption" vatambi. Chokwadi chokuti vamutangira vaiva 8 matomu, kuti chinotsigirwa 28 vatambi, asi magadzirirwo itsva atova 216 vatambi, kuti aiva hofori danho. Izvi akabvumira encode anenge ose yaivapo uye zvakafanana bumbiro.

With veMubatanidzwa "Unicode" havachafaniri kushandisa tafura kutendeuka: sezvo rimwe mwero izvozvo chete zvinopikiswa vaifanira. Saizvozvowo, havana yakanyura vakapinda yokukanganwa, uye "gibberish" - chimwe mwero wakavaita zvisingabviri, uyewo utongi kubva kudiwa kusika nouya fonts.

Kugadzirwa Unicode

Chokwadi, kufambira mberi panzvimbo, uye kubva mharidzo yokutanga yapfuura kwemakore 25. Zvisinei, charset "unicode" akaomesa anochengeta nzvimbo yaro munyika. Munzira dzakawanda ichi chakaiswa zvibvire nemhaka yokuti zvava nyore kushandisa uye rapararira, tichizivikanwa Developers ose proprietary (akabhadhara) uye rakavhurika mabviro software.

Tinofanira kutenda kuti nhasi tinoona chete bumbiro "Unicode" sezvo chikamu zana apfuura. Panguva iyoyo, akanga yakatsiviwa shanduro 5.h.h, uye uwandu coded zviratidzo yawedzera 231. On zvichiita kushandisa mukuru kumucheto mavanga vakaramba kuramba rutsigiro Unicode-16 (yeEncoding, uko kunonyanyisa uwandu hwavo vashoma 216). Sezvo kwayo uye kuti shanduro 2.0.0 "The Unicode Standard" yakawedzera nhamba mabhii kuti akabatanidza anenge 2 nguva. nemikana uye tirambe kukura mumakore anouya. Nokuti shanduro 4.0.0 kare panodikanwa kuwedzera mureza pacharo, uye kuti akanga aita. Somugumisiro, "Unicode" awana chimiro umo tinozviziva nhasi.

Chiizve riri Unicode?

Kuwedzera yakakura, nguva achiudza nokuwanda vatambi, "Unicode" -Encoding chinyorwa mashoko ndechimwe unhu chinobatsira. Ndiwo anonzi normalization. Pane Mupumburu kuburikidza yose gwaro unhu kubudikidza hunhu, uye kuisa mifananidzo petafura matsamba, shandisa rimwe aripo normalization algorithms. Chii?

Pane kupambadza pfuma kombiyuta nguva dzose cheki zvakafanana hunhu, izvo zvinogona zvakafanana bumbiro siyana, achishandisa chaiyo algorithm. Kunoitawo kuti zvakafanana zviratidzo yoga Mbiru Lookup tafura kuita uye kushandisa nechekare kwavari, kwete pamusoro uye pamusoro zvakare kuti recheck ose mashoko.

algorithms kwakadaro dzinokudziridzwa uye rakatangwa mana. Mumwe kutendeuka kunoitika kuburikidza tisingatauri chaicho musimboti, rakasiyana nemamwe, saka kudana umwe wavo haasi zvikuru nyatsoshanda zvinobvira. Mumwe nomumwe akagadzirirwa zvinodiwa chaizvo, akanga midzi uye kushandiswa zvinobudirira.

kufambiswa mureza

Mumakore 25 ayo nhoroondo yeEncoding "UNICODE" Ndagamuchira zvichida kupfuura kwakapararira munyika. Pasi pomureza uyu vari kuchinjwa sezvo zvirongwa uye web-mapeji. Upamhi chikumbiro zvingaratidza kuti Unicode zvino kushandiswa zvinopfuura 60% kuti Internet mari.

Zvino, munoziva, apo "Unicode" mureza akaonekwa. Chii, nemiwo muzive uye kukwanisa kunzwisisa zvairehwa nokugadzirwa, chinoitwa boka nyanzvi Unicode Inc. Makore anopfuura 25 adarika.