Experiment Prison Stanford Filippa Zimbardo: wongororo, pachisara mhedziso

Zvakadini munguva Experiment Prison Stanford, munoziva? Ndine chokwadi vazhinji amakanzwa chinhu nezvazvo. Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure pana Stanford muna 1971, imwe yakakurumbira kuedza remakore rechi20 yakaitwa. Bhesimendi zvepfungwa dhipatimendi kwevhiki rimwe kukava mujeri pamwe zvose zvinotyisa dzayo. Nei vatariri kudaro utsinye? Ndiani akasarudza kubatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi? Chii zvaitika varongi ayo uye vatori vechikamu? izvi zvose uchadzidza nokuverenga nyaya.

Stanford Experiment Prison - anozivikanwa socio-mupfungwa kudzidza kuitwa pasi pokutungamirira Filippa Zimbardo, American kwepfungwa. In Simulation mujeri ezvinhu kwave kudzidza kufurirwa mabasa "musungwa" uye "foromani". In basa iri rakapiwa randomly. Study vechikamu vairidza navo kweinenge vhiki.

"Wardens" nokuda kwebasa iri zvakatipoteredza, uyewo zviri "vasungwa" vakapfigirwa aiva mumwe rusununguko chiito. Vazvipiri vakabvuma experimental ezvinhu, zvakasiyana kukunda matambudziko uye mupfungwa. The maitiro mapoka maviri akanyorwa uye vakaongorora.

Vakasarudzwa vechikamu vari kuedza

Experiment Prison Stanford - kudzidza umo 22 varume muchirongwa. Vakasarudzwa kubva 75 vakabvuma kuti pepanhau shambadzo. Muzano anoda kubhadhara $ 15 pazuva. Responders vaifanira kuzadza fomu remibvunzo, izvo zvinosanganisira mibvunzo pamusoro mhuri pfungwa utano, ukama, muupenyu, zvavanosarudza uye propensities. Izvi zvakaita kuti vaongorori kunze vanhu vane mhosva rekodhi kana psychopathology. Mumwe kana vaviri experimenter vaitaurirana mumiriri. Somugumisiro, vakabata vanhu 24, izvo zvaiita kupfuura yakatsiga mupfungwa nomumuviri, kupfuura yakura, uye muduku anogona Anti-munzanga maitiro. vanhu vanoverengeka, nokuti chero zvikonzero, vakaramba kubatanidzwa mune kuedza. Vamwe vakapesana randomly vakasarudzwa mabasa hafu yavo basa "vasungwa" uye imwe hafu - "Varindi".

The Vanotongwa - munhurume vadzidzi vaiva muzhizha pana Stanford, kana pedyo naro. Vakanga kunyanya shoroma chena (kunze chete Asian). Havana kuziva mumwe kuti ndiitewo kuedza.

Basa "musungwa" uye "mutariri"

Experiment Prison Stanford simulated mujeri mamiriro - "vasungwa" masikati nousiku mujeri. Shuffle navo richiparadzirwa mukamuri, nerimwe zvakanga 3 vanhu. "Varindi vari" kushanda maawa masere kusuduruka, nokuti isu vatatu. Vakanga vari mujeri panguva vanoshanda, uye pane dzimwe nguva achiita bhizimisi senguva dzose.

Kuti "varindi" akaita maererano nechokwadi zvavo siyana kuti mamiriro mutirongo, vakapiwa usingashandi kutungamirirwa. Zvisinei, kushandisa chirango muviri zvaisambobvumirwa.

pokugara Prison

The vanotongwa, vakanga kupera, pakarepo vakanga "dzakasungwa" mudzimba dzavo. Vakaudza kuti vakanga anonoswa pamusoro nokufungirana nougororo zvombo kana umbavha, kuudzwa nezvekodzero dzavo, vakanzvera, handcuffed uye kukamba yemapurisa. Pano vakapfuura mukova nzira iri mafaira uye fingerprinting. Mumwe musungwa ndasvika panguva dzetirongo nguo kupfeka, uye ipapo kurapwa ane "inda" rinokosha (misi deodorant) uye akasiya vamwe nguva ndoga mushwi. Pashure paizvozvo, akapiwa nguo inokosha, mifananidzo uye akaisa ari kamuri.

"Senior wadheni" verenga "musungwa" mitemo, izvo zvinofanira ubudise. Kuti kugadzirisa nomumwe depersonalization ari "vemhosva" anofanira chete pamusoro pezvakaita yamunenge nhamba.

Prison mamiriro

"Vasungwa" vakagamuchira zvokudya matatu pazuva, katatu pazuva pasi pokudzora murindi wejeri aigona kuenda chimbuzi kwemaawa maviri dzinounzwa kunyora tsamba kana kuverenga. 2 Kushanya pavhiki dzakabvumirwa, uyewo kupiwa kodzero kuita muviri uye mafirimu.

"Isa kudanwa" kutanga akasikirwa nechokwadi chokuti pane zvose zviri "vasungwa", kuongorora ruzivo rwavo mumba yavo nemirayiro. Wokutanga rejisita yakatora anenge 10 maminitsi, asi zuva nezuva ravo nguva yakawedzera, uye pakupedzisira vamwe vavo yakatora kwemaawa anoverengeka. "Varindi" achinja kana kunyange akadzima vazhinji zvinhu zviri wenyaya, pre-yakaiswa. Uyezve, panguva kuedza, dzimwe ropafadzo vakanga nyore kukanganwa nokuda netsvimbo.

The tirongo rwakakurumidza rima uye akasviba. Ropafadzo kuita kodzero kusukwa, uye kazhinji akarambazve. Uyezve, vamwe "vasungwa" kunyange kumanikidzwa kuchenesa zvimbudzi nemaoko avo. Nemamatiresi zvakabudiswa "zvakaipa" kamera, uye vasungwa vaimanikidzwa kurara pamusoro chesamende pauriri. Kazhinji sechirango akaramba zvokudya.

Zuva rokutanga yaiva nekaupenyu akadzikama, asi pazuva rechipiri bope rakamuka. Kudzvinyirira "Varindi" vakauya nokuzvidira rokuwedzera. Vakarwisa ne moto moto "vasungwa." Pashure chiitiko ichi, "varindi vejeri," akaedza kutamba kubvisa "vasungwa" mumwe nomumwe, kugoverana navo, kuti tifunge kuti vamwe vavo "informants". Yakanga rawo, uye mimwe nenyonganiso zvikuru kwakadaro kwakaitika.

zvabuda

Experiment Prison Stanford akaratidza kuti kuvharirwa mamiriro vane nomugumisiro mukuru pamusoro kunetsa vose varindi uye mbavha, uyewo zvichiitika pakati mapoka uye mukati interpersonal kwendangariro.

Panguva "vasungwa" uye "varindi" zvavo maiva raidudzwa katsika kusimbisa rekusuwa. All vakava zvasviba nemaonero upenyu. "Vasungwa" mukufamba kuedza kakawanda akaratidza yaiparadza. Mapoka acho ungaderedza nokuzviremekedza sezvo kuitwa kuti "mujeri" maitiro.

Kazhinji External maitiro rakaenderana kwemanzwiro pachedu kuzvidzora mishumo nyaya. "Mhedziso" uye "varindi" kuisa siyana nekuita (kunaka kana zvakanaka, tsamwisa kana zvitsigiso), asi reshiyo kwavo kune mumwe nomumwe akanga chaizvoizvo kuipa, utsinye kuine vanhu.

Pakarepo, "matsotsi" akaziva zvikurukuru kungogara ruremekedzo. Mukupesana, varindi akaratidza mukukurukurirana zvose basa guru uye zvokuita. maitiro avo kutukana iri shoma ainyanya kune zvikwata uye zvakanga safadza chaizvo. "Vasungwa" kuziva kuti chisimba haazobvumiri kwavari, asi kazhinji wakacherechedza, kunyanya pamusoro chikamu nevatungamiri, kwakakasharara. Kutukana chikatsiviwa chisimba uye vava chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana dzokukurukurirana nadzo "varindi" navo vakapfigirwa.

"Chamba"

A pachena chiratidzo sei mamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa vanhu, ndizvo zvinoitwa shanu "vasungwa", munyaya Experiment Prison Stanford Filippa Zimbardo. Nemhaka yakadzika mwoyo, zvikuru mwoyo uye nehasha vaifanira kuva "vakasununguka." Muna mana nyaya dzaiva zviratidzo zvakafanana, uye akatanga kuonekwa kare pamusoro 2nd zuva mhedziso. Imwe akasunungura mushure muviri aiva huta mapundu.

Unhu varindi

Experiment Prison Stanford Filippa Zimbardo wakagumiswa akashaya pashure pemazuva matanhatu chete, asi akanga nookupedzisira mavhiki maviri. Kuramba "vasungwa" vakafara chaizvo izvozvo. Kusiyana neizvi, "varindi" dzaiwanzova mwoyo. Kunenge kuti vakakwanisa kupinda zvizere basa. "Vatariri" mufaro mukuru kusvika simba vakanga, uye vakagovana naro kwazvo nokuchema. Zvisinei, mumwe wavo akati wakatsamwisa matambudziko "vasungwa", uye kuti aida kukumbira musangano kuti iye mumwe wavo, asi haana vakasangana. Ona kuti "varindi" akauya kushanda nguva, uye kakawanda kunyange nokuzvidira akashanda ovhataimu pasina kugamuchira mamwe mhosva.

Individual kusiyana kwemaitiro vechikamu

Pathological siyana dzave kuchengetwa muzvikwata zviviri, vanoti nezvesimba evanhu mauto kuita pamusoro pedu. Asi Zimbardo mujeri kuedza akaratidza kuvapo nomunhu kusiyana sei vanhu vanokwanisa kukurira risingazivikanwi ezvinhu, sei zvakanaka ivo ajairane nayo. Mwoyo ezvinhu muupenyu mujeri vamire vasungwa hafu. Havasi vose vakuru utsinye kune "mbavha." Vamwe vanhu kutamba mitemo, ipapo paiva kwazvo asi zvakanaka. Zvisinei, dzimwe vatariri vakapinda mhiri basa ravo pokutambudza uye vaiitira utsinye vasungwa.

Kazhinji, nokuti 6 mazuva, hafu vechikamu dzaiunzwa nomuganhu sina hunhu nemafungiro. "Varindi" vakaseka "matsotsi" vaisabvumirwa mu chimbuzi, havabvumirwi kurara. Vamwe vasungwa ndokuwira hysterics, vamwe vakaedza mupanduki. Apo Zimbardo mujeri kuedza akabuda kudzora, vatsvakurudzi akaramba kuchengeta kuitika chero rimwe "vasungwa" pachena haana kutaura zvaanofunga.

Mixed tinyatsonzwisisa kuedza

Zimbardo nemhaka kuedza kwake akava nyika akakurumbira. tsvakurudzo ake akaita kukuru mubereko paruzhinji. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akawanda mhosva Zimbardo kuti kuedza yakaitwa pasina panyaya yetsika isingagoni kuiswa ezvinhu akanyanyisa akadaro vechidiki. Zvisinei, Stanford Humanities Committee akabvuma kudzidza, uye Zimbardo akati kuti hapana aigona kufanoona kuti vakuru zvichava saizvozvo sina hunhu.

The American Psychological Association muna 1973 akasimbisa zvaidiwa yetsika zviri kuedza. Zvisinei, mutongo uyu kunoshandurwa mumakore akatevera. Kuitira kuti yaifanira hapana akafanana kudzidza maitiro evanhu mune ramangwana, ndakabvuma Zimbardo pachake.

kuedza ichi, anonzi, mabhuku akanyorwa, uye mumwe Punk bhendi vakatotumidza pachavo vanomutevera. Saka kure, zvazvinosarira nyaya nharo, kunyange pakati kwayo vaimbova nhengo.

Patinoongorora kuedza Filippa Zimbardo

Philip Zimbardo akati kuti chinangwa kuedza kwaiva kudzidza nevanhu Zvinoitwa kuti okurambidzwa rusununguko. Akafarira kwemaitiro "vasungwa" zvikuru pane "nevatungamiri". Pakupera kwezuva rokutanga iroro Zimbardo anoti, akafunga kuti "varindi" vaiva vanhu vane Anti-anomanikidza mafungiro. Zvisinei, pashure pokunge "vasungwa" akatanga kumukira zvishoma, ivo makatanga zvakawanda dzinotyisa, achikanganwa kuti chete Experiment Prison Stanford Filippa Zimbardo. Photo Firipi akauya pamusoro.

Basa reDare Christina Maslakh

Christina mafuta, mudzimai Zimbardo akanga mumwe vaongorori. Zvakanga iye akabvunza Firipi kumisa kuedza. Christine akaona kuti yokutanga haina kuenda ndiitewo kudzidza. Haana kuona shanduko chero muna Zimbardo kusvikira kusvikira iye akaenda yepasi wejeri. Christina aisagona kunzwisisa sei Firipi haana kunzwisisa chii rwaityisa tsvakurudzo ake vakadzokera. Iye akabvuma makore akawanda gare gare, kuti maonero haisi zvokuti vechikamu zvakamuita zvinoda zvokurega kuedza, sezvo nzira vanhu vazvibate, waakanga kuzoroora nokukurumidza. Christina akaziva kuti vakatapwa risingaperi simba uye zvinhu akava uyo modeled. It Zimbardo aifanira kupfuura zvose pakuti ake "kuperetera". Lovers kumbokakavadzana saizvozvo zuva. Christina akajekesa kuti kana kanenge rimwe zuva kuramba kuedza ichi, unogona haichawanikwi rudo rwenyu musanangurwa. Zuva rakatevera yakamisa Stanford Prison Experiment Zimbardo, kugumisa zvakanga zvakadaro zvakasiyana.

Panzira, Christina mugore iroro vachiri akaroora Philip. Mhuri vakaberekerwa 2 vasikana. Young baba chaizvoizvo akatanga kufarira dzidzo. Philip akabata musoro, kure mujeri kuedza: sei kurera vana, saka kuti havanyari. The musayendisiti kwakasimbiswa munhu hwakakwana nzira kuti kurwisa kunyanya kunyara ari mwana, ndiye mbiri munyika.

Chinonyanya noutsinye "mutariri"

Wakakura zvikuru "mutariri" raiva Dave Eshelman, uyo akazova muridzi chikwereti bhizimisi Saragote. Akayeuka kuti chete kutsvaka nguva mugove muzhizha, uye nokudaro akava munyaya Experiment Prison Stanford muna 1971 Dave akaumba urongwa iri chokwadi kuti zvinokosha kuita "zvimwe chiito" kuti vave nechokwadi kuti vaongorori anogona nyora nyaya. Naizvozvo Eshelman nokungwaririra inova ine, vachiedza kuti anonakidza Experiment Prison Stanford muna 1971. Reincarnate zvakanga zvisiri nyore nokuti akadzidza pa mutambo chikoro uye aiva rakawanda kuita ruzivo. Dave anoti anogona kutaura, vakabata akaererana kuedza. Eshelman aida kuziva zvakawanda sei zviri akabvumira isati akasarudza kumisa kudzidza. Zvisinei, hazvina kumborega mune mhirizhonga.

Akaongororwa nevanhu John Mark

Mumwe "mutariri", Dzhon Mark, akadzidza anthropology pana Stanford, ane siyanei maonero pamusoro Experiment Prison Stanford. Mhedziso kuti azosvika, kuziva chaizvo. Aida kuti vave "vasungwa", asi akaita "mutariri." John akataura kuti hapana ari masikati vandine haina kuitika, zvisinei, Zimbardo vaitamburira kuti mamiriro ezvinhu kusawirirana. Mushure "varindi" vakatanga kumuka "Vasungwa" usiku, zvaiita kuti ichi chaiva mhiri zvacheneruka. Mark pachake haana kufanana kumuka kunomurayira kufona nhamba dzavo. John akati haana kufunga kuti Stanford kuedza Zimbardo chinhu chakakomba, kufanana chokwadi. Nokuti iye, kuriita pasina kupfuura stints. Mushure kuedza, John aishandira yezvokurapa cryptographer kambani.

Maererano Richard Jaakko

Richard Yakko aifanira kuenda ari musungwa. Pashure pokuita kuedza, akashanda terevhizheni uye redhiyo, akadzidzisa pamatunhu chikoro. We tsanangura maonero ake pamusoro Experiment Prison Stanford. Analysis yake kuriita Zvinoshamisawo chaizvo. Richard akati kuti chinhu chokutanga kuti vakagogodza naye kure, aiva kuti "vasungwa" kunotadzisa hope. Vakati akamuka nguva yokutanga, Richard haana kuziva kuti hwave 4:00. Vasungwa kumanikidzwa kuita zviitwa, uye ipapo akabvumira kuenda. Uye chete ipapo Jaakko akaziva kuti nokudaro vaifungidzira kuvhiringa yepanyama hope yatinofema.

Richard anoti haana kurangarira chaipo apo "vasungwa" vakatanga kupandukira. Akaramba vazviise foromani, kunzwisisa kuti nemhaka ichi inogona kune ndoga. Kubatana "vasungwa" nokuti chete pamwe chete vanogona zvimwe kurwisa uye kuomesa basa "varindi".

Apo Richard akabvunza zvaaifanira naye akashaya kusunungurwa, vatsvakurudzi vakati, kuti akabvuma kutora chikamu, saka anofanira kugara kusvikira pakuguma. Panguva iyoyo Richard akafunga kuti akanga ari mujeri.

Zvisinei, kuchiri akasunungurwa rimwe zuva kuguma pakudzidza pamberi. Commission munguva Experiment Prison Stanford vaifunga kuti Richard oda kupera. Pachake sezvo aifunga kuti akanga kure mwoyo.

wakachena kuedza, kushandiswa zvabuda

Ona kuti vanhu vaibatanidzwa munyaya Experiment Prison Stanford, inofambiswa yakasiyiwa zvakawanda. Dually ndiyo mafungiro kuna Zimbardo uye Cristina kuwana heroine uye muponesi. Zvisinei, iye pachake chokwadi haana kuita chinhu chinokosha - chete akabatsira twaunganidzwa ake kuona pachangu kubva kunze.

The experimental Zvabuda zvava kushandiswa kuratidza kuzvininipisa uye nokugamuchira vanhu kana paine rinotsigirwa neHurumende uye nzanga mururamisire dzidziso. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanoshumira se kufananidzira dzidziso mbiri: matambudziko zvehurumende uye zvishande dissonance.

Saka, isu ndakuudzai pamusoro Experiment Prison Stanford Professor Zimbardo. basa rako - kusarudza sei kurapa nayo. In mhedziso, tinoisa kuti kwakavakirwa Mario Giordano, imwe munyori vokuItaly, muna 1999, akasika nyaya inonzi "Black Box". basa iri akazoonana dramatized mumafirimu maviri. Muna 2001 iye akapfurwa "kuedza", firimu German, uye muna 2010 yakaonekwa chete zita American firimu.