Federal Assembly yeRussian Federation. Nhengo dze Federal Federal of Russia. Hurongwa hweSweden Assembly

The Federal Assembly yeRussian Federation ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa sangano renyika. Inogonesa kutaura kwezvido zvehuwandu hwevanhu uye inoita zvinhu zvinogadzirisa-kugadzirisa mabasa. Kuumbwa kwe Federal Federal yeRussian Federation kunoitwa maererano nezvinoitika zvino zvepamutemo. Chimiro chacho chinosanganisira miviri miviri, unyanzvi, izvo zvakasikwa zvekusika nekushanda kwayo izvo zvinotungamirirwa neMitemo yeMagariro Nha. 113 uye 175.

Imba yepamusoro ye Federal Federal yeRussian Federation

Icho chivako chisingaperi. Inosanganisira 2 vamiririri vanobva kumatunhu enyika. Bhuku reChristian Council of the Russian Federation rakagadzwa maererano neBritain Law No. 113. Unyanzvi hweChristian Council hunosanganisira nyaya dzinotevera:

1. Kusarudzwa kwemasarudzo emutungamiri wehurumende uye kubviswa kwake kubva kuhofisi.
2. Kubvumirwa kwemitemo yakabudiswa neMutungamiri pamusana pekuiswa kwemitemo yehondo uye inotyisa munyika iyo yose kana munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
3. Kusarudzwa uye kubviswa kwePurezidhendi Mukuru, Vachigaro weChitubu cheAccounts Chamber uye 50% yevanongorori varo.
4. Kubvumirwa kwemiganhu pakati pematunhu.
5. Kusarudzwa kwevakuru vakuru veMatare Edzimhosva.

The Federation Federation of the Federal Assembly yeRussia Federation inopawo mvumo yekuendeswa kwemauto ehurumende kunze kwemiganhu yayo. Inosanganisirawo kugamuchirwa kana kurambwa kwemaitiro ekusimudzira zvinhu.

Hurumende Duma yeThe Federal Assembly yeRussian Federation

Inoumbwa nevatongi mazana mana. Uyu muviri ndiwo imba yepasi ye Federal Assembly. Kusarudzwa kwevatungamiri kunoitwa kwemakore mana. Kubata musangano wekutanga kunogadzwa musi we30 mushure memasarudzo kana kuti mberi kweiyi nguva nemurairo wehutungamiri wehurumende. Kuvhota kwevatungamiri kunoitwa nenzira yakarongerwa muDare Law No. 175 uye mamwe mabasa ekusimudzira anotonga kodzero yekuvhota. Utongi hweHurumende Duma hunosanganisira nyaya dzinotevera:

1. Kuvimba nehurumende.
2. Kusarudza uye kubvisa kubva mairi vatungamiri veCentral Bank, The Accounts Chamber uye 50% yevanyori vezvekuongorora, pamwe chete neRussian Commissioner yeHuman Rights.
3. Kusarudzwa kwemhosva kumutungamiri wekusunungura kubva pamasimba.
4. Kutsigirwa kwekugadziriswa kwemahofisi ekusimbisa sachigaro wehurumende, yakasarudzirwa nemukuru wenyika.

Mukuwedzera, Hurumende Duma inokurukura uye inotora zvigadziriswa zvigadzirisiti.

Rulemaking

The Federal Assembly yeRussian Federation inoonekwa sechinhu chinokosha chekuita mitemo. Hurumende Duma inotora matanho ezvimiridzo uye inovatumira kuSF kuti inogamuchirwe. Kugadzirisa kusawirirana kunomuka, dare rekuyananisa rinoitwa pakati pavo. Icho chiito chinogamuchirwa chechimiro chinonzi chibvumirwo chakabvumirwa muHurumende Duma uye chakabvumirwa neChristian Council. Nzira yekugamuchirwa uye kugamuchirwa inotsanangurwa neMutemo weRussian Federation. Federal Assembly inotumira mutemo wekutambira uye kubvumidzwa kune mutungamiri wehurumende.

Kusagadzikana kweHurumende Duma

Inoitwa nemutungamiri wenyika. Nzvimbo dzekupedza State Duma dzinogona:

1. Kuramba katatu kumusarudzo wekusimbisa sachigaro wehurumende, yakasarudzwa nemukuru wenyika.
2. Kuramba kuvimba kune mukuru wepamusoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, danho rinofanira kutanga richibva kuna sachigaro wehurumende.

Hazvibvumirwi kuputsa kamuri yakaderera:

1. Kwegore kubvira pakatanga.
2. Kubvira musi wekupomerwa kwemuongorori uye zvisati zvasarudzwa pamusoro pake SF.
3. Panguva yekutambudzika kana mutemo wenyika munyika.
4. Kwehafu yegore kusati kwapera kupera kwemutungamiri wenyika.

Mushure mekuparadzwa kweHurumende Duma, mukuru wehurumende anosarudza zuva rekuvhota. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanira kugadziriswa nenzira yakadai yokuti muviri uchangobva kusikwa haufaniri kusangana pashure memwedzi mina. Kubvira panguva yekuparadzaniswa.

Kunyatsozivikanwa kwezvisikwa zveSF

Sechikamu chekuvandudza hurumende yehurumende hutungamiri, hurumende yekugadzirisa yakaitwa. Mune imwe nguva dzimwe shanduko dzakaitwa muhutano hwekuumbwa kweparamende. Mitemo mitsva yakaiswa muMutemo pamusoro pe Federal Federal yeRussian Federation. Kunyanya, nzira yekusika SF yakatemwa. Yakaisanganisira misoro yemakurukota uye mitemo yezvemitemo. Zvisinei, pakupera kwema1990. Iyi nzira yakanzi haina kubudirira. Maererano neMutemo wakagamuchirwa musi waAugust 5, 2000, Federation Federation yakatanga kusanganisira kwete vatungamiriri, asi vamiririri vehutungamiri nematare emitemo ehurumende. Musoro wezvivako mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva musi wekutora hofisi inogadza vakuru vakuru. Iri sarudzo inogadzirwa nenzira yechirevo (chirevo). Kana chikamu chetatu chenhamba yevatevedzeri vagovhiringidza kusarudzwa pamusangano usinganzwisisiki kana kuti wakarongeka wemuviri wemumiririri , urongwa hahwusviki.

Nuance

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nzira yekugadza vamiririri ku Federation Federation kubva kune imwe bicameral uye bicameral miamiririri miviri yenyaya yacho yakasiyana. Muchiitiko chekutanga, kubva musi wekutanga musangano, mumwedzi mitatu, mumiririri anosarudzwa pamusangano weachigaro. Muchiitiko chechipiri, vanobvumirwa vanopiwa pamwe chete pamakamuri maviri. Chimwe chirevo chinogona kugadzirwa neboka revatungamiri. Mumiriri wekamuri imwe neimwe anosarudzwa kwehafu yenguva yehofisi yake. Chisarudzo chekugadzwa kunoitwa nekuvhota pakavanda. Mutumbi wesimba rehurumende uchazivisa iyo Council of Federation pamusoro payo pasati ichitevera zuva raitevera mushure mokupinda kushanda kwechisarudzo uye kutumira chiitiko chakanaka kuChristian Council mumazuva mashanu.

Dzimwe shanduko

Iko kuchinja kunobata pamitemo yekusarudzwa kwevatongi kuenda kuHurumende Duma. Sangano rechina rakaumbwa maererano neMutemo weBurumende wakagamuchirwa musi wa20.12.2002.Sarudzo dzakagadzirwa ne50% muzvikamu zvisiri izvo uye 50% pamatsetse akaiswa mapato ezvematongerwe enyika. Vanyori vanogonawo kumhanya sevanosarudza ivo vanozvitsaurira, kubva pakusarudzwa kwechisarudzo kana sechikamu chesangano. Nhengo iyo chete iyo yakakunda mukana we7% inogona kushandisa kodzero yekusarudza vanhu. Chisarudzo chekutumira runyoro rwevatsvaki rinobvumirwa nechisarudzo chekuviga. Nhamba yose yevanhu vakasarudzwa nekambani haigoni kuva vanhu vanopfuura 270.

Zviito zvemuitiro zveFS

Masimba eThe Federal Assembly yeRussian Federation anorongedzerwa zvakajeka nemagwaro epamutemo. Mutumbi mumwe nomumwe uri chikamu chemufananidzo weFS unotora chisarudzo nehuwandu. Pane dzimwe nyaya, imwe nzira yekubvumirana nekugadzirisa inogona kufungidzirwa. Mhosva dzakadaro dzinorayirwa muBumbiro reMitemo. Iine mitemo inonyatsojekesa nyaya dzakawanda dzakapiwa kutonga kweFS. Kunyanya, masimba eThe Federal Assembly yeRussia Federation anosungirwa muArt. 102 uye 103. The Council of Federation, somuenzaniso, inobvumira zvisarudzo pamusoro pezvinhu zviri mukati mekukwanisa kwayo nemitemo iriko, uye kutaura zvakananga kumabasa ayo emukati. Izvozvo zvinogadziriswa nemitemo, mitemo uye neState Law inoenderana. The Federal Assembly yeRussian Federation inowanzotarisa nyaya dzenyaya dzehupenyu pamusoro pehupenyu hwenyika. Izvo mitemo inowanzoratidza kukanganisa kwenyika iripo miviri, kune zvikumbiro kune zvimiririra zvigadziro pane zvinodikanwa zvekutora zvimwe zviito zvekusimudzira kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Pamwe chete neizvi, Mutungamiri akaverenga mharidzo kune Federal Federal yeRussia Federation gore negore. Inopfupisa basa rakaitwa, uye rinogadzirisa mabasa matsva. Maererano navo, mararamiro emisangano yeFS inoumbwa.

General mazano ekushanda

Federal Assembly yeRussian Federation ine zvikamu zviviri zvakazvimirira. Basa guru rekugamuchirwa kwemaitiro ehurumende rinowanikwa muHurumende Duma. SF inewo chirongwa chemutemo. Izvo zvinyorwa zvemaitiro, zvinotumirwa kuti zviongororwe, zvinotungamirirwa nemitemo nemitauro, zvinoshandiswa nevanhu vane mutoro. The Federal Assembly yeRussia Federation kuburikidza neChristian Council inogona kuita zvinyorwa, kukumbira, kusanganisira hurumende uye mutungamiriri. Ivo vanobvumirwa nenzira yakagadzirirwa kugamuchirwa kwemitemo. Sezvo mutemo, zvishuwo ndezvokurumbidza. Kana iri yeHurumende Duma, inogonawo kugamuchira chikumbiro nemashoko. Zvinopiwa nemirairo. Kudzokorora uye zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvinogamuchirwa kakawanda kupfuura muChristian Council. Zvinonyanya kukosha mavari zvinetso zvehupfumi nehupfumi uye mukati mezvematongerwe enyika. Pamwe nezvo, kuteterera kwakadaro uye mazwi, kuva nechinokonzera pane zviremera zvemasimba makuru, hazvigoni kuva nemitemo yezvisungo zvehurumende kana mutungamiri. Panyaya iyi, ivo, uyewo mazano eFreek Council, vanogona kunge vane hutsika uye zvematongerwe enyika chete. Izvo zvinyorwa uye zvikumbiro zveHurumende Duma pamusoro pekugadzirisa nyaya dzenyika dzakawanda zvinoita zvakakosha pamabasa ehutungamiri rebazi. Sezvo mutemo, vanoongorora mitemo yekunze kune dzimwe nyika. Saizvozvowo, kukumbira kwakadaro uye kutaura kunogona kukonzera kukwana kwakakwana kwenyika dzakawanda.

Paramende Centre

Pakati pe2000. Kukurukurirana kwechirevo chokubatanidza Federation Federation neHurumende Duma mune imwe chivako chakatanga. Muna 2012, chirevo ichi chakatsigirwa naDedvedev, mutungamiri wenyika. Vanyori vekuvaka chivako chitsva vakaratidza kudikanwa kwekumanikidzwa mumahofisi emaparamende, kureba kwakakura pakati pebasa rinodiwa kuti basa ravo ribudirire, uye chido cheutungamiri kutamisa masimba emagetsi kubva pakati peguta kugadzirisa kusangana mumigwagwa. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzaifungidzirwa kuiswa. The Parliamentary Center yakakurudzirwa kuva panzvimbo ye Kutuzovsky Prospekt, Moscow City, Frunzenskaya Embankment, Tushino Airfield, Krasnaya Presnya, Sofia kana Moskvoretskaya Embankment. MunaSeptember 2014, zvakadaro, ruwa rweMnevnichenskaya floodplain rwakasarudzwa.

Kuoma kwekushandisa

Nhengo dzeChristian Council neHurumende Duma dzakapiwa, pamwe neHhovisi yeMutungamiri Wezvematongerwo enyika, FSO, kusarudza purojekiti yekuvakwa kwemazuva ano zvichienderana nekukwikwidza kwekuvakwa. Zvisinei, basa racho rakakonzera kusawirirana kwemaonero pakati peparamende. Havana kugadziriswa kunyange munguva yekudzokorora zvakare. Mubvunzo wekubhadhara mari wakakonzera dambudziko rakasiyana. Pakutanga, zvaifungidzirwa kuti mari yekuvaka sendima yeparamende yaizoendeswa nemurimi wega wega, uyo aizowana pfuma yezvivako izvi. Mune ramangwana, kuvakwa kwemahofisi ehotera, zvivako zvezorativo, nezvimwewo zvakabvumirwa munzvimbo yayo.Iyo inofungidzirwa kuti basa repa paramende rinogona kutanga kutanga kwema2020. Zvisinei, maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa, kuvaka kwakave kwakarongedzerwa nekuda kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu nehupfumi kwenguva isina nguva .

Mhedziso

Federal Assembly inoshanda senhengo yepamusoro uye yepamutemo munyika. Basa rayo guru nderokugara-kugadzirisa. Iyo FS inokurukura, inogadzirisa, kuchinja, inobvumira mitemo inonyanya kukosha panyaya dzenyaya dzepamusoro dzinobva mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu hwehupenyu. Izvo zvinoshanda zvinowanzoita nzira yekugamuchirwa kweDare reMutemo. Inosanganisira kuverenga kuverengeka kwechirongwa muHurumende Duma, kukurukurirana, kuita zvigadziro uye zvigadziriswa. Chikonzero chekuita chibvumirano chibvumirano chebhuku racho ne Federation Federation. Kana Federation Federation ichiwana chero kukanganisa, mazano akakodzera anogadzirwa. Izvo, pamwe chete nebasa rekuita, rinodzoserwa kuHurumende Duma. Hurumende Duma, ichitenda zvigadziriswa, mavhoti ekupfuura mutemo. Pashure pacho, anoendazve kuSF, uye kubva ikoko-kuenda kumutungamiri wechinesi. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutungamiri wenyika anogona kutora veto muDare reMutemo. Unyanzvi hweSweden Assembly hunosanganisira dzimwe nyaya dzine chokuita nehupenyu hwematongerwe enyika uye hupfumi hwehupfumi muRussia.