Freudianism - chii ichi? The tsananguro uye kutungamirirwa

Psychology - sayenzi kuti vanodzidza munhu psyche. Vatsvakurudzi vanodzidza zvepfungwa, nerimwe gore kuti zvakawanda zvakawanwa itsva chokuita adzidze hwomunhu, uye kushanda kwendangariro kunzwisisa kuitika mairi. Chimbofunga mumwe rinozivikanwa zvikuru dzidziso iri zvepfungwa, inova kutumidza Freudianism.

Tsanangudzo "Freudian"

Izwi anowana kubva zita yakakurumbira musayendisiti Sigmund Freud, uyo zvinganaka dzidziso yake psychoanalysis kwevanhu. Freudian dzidziso - imwe dzidziso psychoanalysis, rinotsanangura vamwe kushanda kwendangariro, kutoitika panguva imwe chavanoziva chechetere. Maererano Freud, rose upenyu mupfungwa munhu chine zvikuru zvitatu siyana: ari akapfizuka, preconscious uye vanoziva.

The chavanoziva pamwero Freud rinotaura zvepabonde simba. Freud mu dzidziso yake inosimbisa vakadaro zvinoumba unhu:

1. "Eid" - zvaisazogona keriya.
2. "Ini", kana nemamwe mazwi, "Ini", iro anoshanda panheyo chokwadi.
3. Kana "super-aonekwe nevamwe", "super-aonekwe nevamwe", riri basa tsika unhu munhu.

Kana pakati zvinoriumba izvi pane kusawirirana, ipapo uchatanga kuoneka unodzivirira zvigadziriswe.

Basa Freudian kwepfungwa

Freudianism mu zvepfungwa anotora danho rinokosha chaizvo, nokuti kuburikidza nedzidziso Freud, tinogona kutaura pakurapa netsinga uye kuora mwoyo kwenguva refu, asi zvinokosha kutanga kuziva chikonzero zvirwere izvi. Pfungwa huru nokuda pakutanga kurapwa unongova psychoanalysis. Kuedza nokushandiswa hypnosis, vakanga kuitwa Freud, akaratidza kuti manzwiro akasiyana uye chido kuzadzisa chinangwa chingava maitiro bvunzo, kunyange kana iye anonyatsoziva izvi.

Hwaro panowanikwa Freudianism

Sigmund Freud pahwaro ake refu kunotoda pakuongorora akakwanisa kuumba mutsva, asingazivikanwi kusvikira mupfungwa pfungwa. Freudianism - asiwo dzidziso kunobva pfungwa imwe-pronged matatu maumbirwo unhu :

1. "It" kunoreva kuti pfungwa pezvakaitwa kuti kuitika ane chavanoziva chechetere. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pfungwa idzi pezvakaitwa dzinogona kurondwa kudzokera kuberekwa kwomwana Somuenzaniso, basa reDare yedzinza. "It" nechinangwa afarire chero mhando, kunyanya kurara.
2. The mamiriro yechipiri inonzi "I". It nechinangwa, ndiko kuti nemaonero ari pakati nepakati, saka "Ini" anenge nguva dzose ari kurwisana ne "It". Mumwe munhu ane "Ini" ake upenyu chokwadi, kureva kushanda kwendangariro vanotanga kuoneka pashure imwe Nemutengo ezvinhu kunoda pakarepo mhinduro. Freud rinoti mamiriro ichi kuti tinozvarwa, zvinonzi akaumba kwete chete pane imwe chavanoziva sandara, asiwo preconscious.

3. wechitatu Murongerwo anonzi "super-aonekwe nevamwe." Zvinonzi vakafunga kuti vawana panguva upenyu uye mabasa ari mutsoropodzi uye hana. Naizvozvo, kana "Ini" havagoni kukurira "It", kuti mukapinda simba "superego", izvo anoita maererano nehana. Kana munhu asingagoni kuva refu nguva kuwana mhinduro yake "super-aonekwe nevamwe", Freud rinoratidza chinhu nzira yokubudisa kuti simba iri achibatsirwa kukurukura kana kunyange kutaura pachavo vari art.

Chii Freudian?

chiremba wako anogona kureva munhu zvakanaka simba kuitisa psychoanalysis. Freudianism zvinoratidza kuti vanhu dzimwe nguva, unogona kukurira dambudziko, asi kuti psyche kunofanira kusanganisira kudzivirira kana asingadi, saka regai kuita pasina rubatsiro rwenyanzvi. Heano chikuru mhando unodzivirira:

1. Pakutanga, kudzivirirwa kunoratidzwa muna udzvanyiriri uye kudzvinyirira pfungwa, izvo vanoonekwa non-kubvumirwa.
2. Kana pane fungidziro, ipapo chinhu chavanoziva sandara, vanhu psyche kuedza kubvisa nyanyisa chido uye pfungwa.
3. Rationalization kwakaratidzwa kana kusiya pfungwa hapana nzira, uye ipapo munhu ari kuedza kuzviruramisa.

The chikuru zvakataurwa Freudianism

Freud chinosiyanisa Vavariro huru nhatu - vari kufunganya, utsinye uye utere. It anofunga kuti nheyo nezviito zvose dzevanhu Freudianism. Destination inotaura maitikiro shanu chikuru unhu kukura:

1. zvokuudzwa nomuromo kutotanga, riri pachena pakuzvarwa Somuenzaniso, mwana akaberekwa, pakarepo ruchigona muchayamwa zamu ramai.

2. mumagaro danho kurumbidza mwana uyo anogona nechekare varidzi potty.

3. anoera akaratidza gare gare muupenyu, apo mwana anotanga kukurukura nevezera ravo kuti nevanhukadzi siyana uye anokwanisa kuzvienzanisa nevamwe.

4. Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa anozviratidza panguva kufarira pabonde zvinoitwa rwunopera shoma.

5. pasikarudzi anouya apo paine kuyaruka zvakakwana.

psychoanalysis basa Freudianism

Kana Freudianism zvishoma kutsanangura chikuru zvinangwa kudzidzisa ichi uye psychoanalysis kubata chirwere chepfungwa, anogona kunzi:

1. Kusikwazve vose Data unganidzwa sezvo nhoroondo, zviratidzo zviri kanganisika munhu.
2. Kugona vakiridza chiitiko chacho, izvo zvakakonzera kukuvara kusunungura vaidzvinyirirwa simba uye simba kupa mukana uyu kuti kusarudza zvokuita itsva.

Psychoanalysis rakaitirwa kuti varambe munhu kutambura kwavo basa asingagoni ikava neurosis. Saka, maererano Freud, zvingadarowo kudzvinyirira kurwisana wemunhu.

vamiriri Freudianism

Freudian dzidziso - dzidziso yakazokudziridzwa mune ramangwana. Vamiririri dzidziso iyi vakazova vadzidzi Freud. A. Adler zvishoma reworked dzidziso mudzidzisi wake, vachizivisa kuti kiyi psychoanalysis hakusi chido, kutoitika panguva imwe chavanoziva sandara, uye chido wokuburitsa pachavo nevanhu ose munzanga. Maererano Adler, zvose kwemasayendisiti yakarondedzerwa Freud, kunogona kuitika chete pashure mwana anzwe uduku wavo vachienzaniswa nevanhu vakuru.

Chimwe mumiririri chinopenya dzidziso Freud, Jung vafunga kuti kwete chete kutsigira dzidziso mudzidzisi wake, asi achishingaira akatanga kukudziridza nayo, vachiti psychoanalysis haagoni chete kukanganisa munhu mumwe, asi kunokanganisa maitiro yose boka. pfungwa Freudian achishingaira akatsigira Otto Rank, uyo akawana Pane zvinhu nokutya uye kunetseka. Maererano naye, vanovanda kare dzevanhu pakuberekwa, dzidziso yake pakuzivikanwa se "kuberekwa kunotevera".

The kwaita chiNazi Freudianism

Chokwadika, Freud pfungwa yakaramba iri muzviitiko zvose, kiyi chakajairika, saka tinogona kutaura kuti Freudian yokuti - ndiyo nheyo wakange akaiswa munzvimbo chiNazi Freudianism. Freud kwakaita psychoanalysis yakavakirwa vachingoshandisa zvitatu zvese, kureva, mupfungwa nomumwe munhu, asi neofreydizma vamiririri vaitaura kuti kutungamirira basa yasara nokuda socio-tsika izvi. Ndicho simba kwenzanga kunogona kukonzera munhu womukati kunetsana muvanhu. Somuenzaniso, zvinoita sokuti kufunganya angamuka ari mwana chete pashure achapa kutarisana nyika ine utsinye.

Pasinei nokuti dzidziso mbiri, uye Freudianism chiNazi Freudianism, vane yakawanda kusiyana, kwakavakirwa vose zvakafanana chavanoziva pezvakaitwa vakatorwa. Ruvengo uye aramu kununura munhu kusagadzikana, saka pane hondo mukati murume pachake, uye ichi ndicho chinokonzera kurwisana mukati pachako, chinoda pakarepo nokubviswa, kana zvingava nepfungwa.

vamiririri neofreydizma

Vamiririri chiNazi Freudianism aiva zvakawanda pane dzakawanda Freudianism. Chinonyanya unoshamisa zvinobvira kungotaura masayendisiti mashoma. Saka, Mr. Sullivan, anoti kuti munhu ani - haisi tinozvarwa chakajairika, akawana, uye chakaumbwa chete nokuda muvanhu dzinoitwa nayo. Kureva, mwana anotanga kudzokorora interpersonal ukama kuti kumira muenzaniso. unhu mwana sezvo mwana anogona kuumbwa kunyange panguva mutambo, kana mwana ari kukurukura nevezera.

Erich Fromm mubasa rake rinoratidza kuti munhu - mubatanidzwa zvoutachiona uye munzanga nenheyo. Maererano naye, rose wepfungwa kwevanhu kunobva rudo upenyu uye kuda rufu.

Psychoanalysis inoratidza kuti vanhu vangaita neurosis, kana asingagoni kuwana rudo nokunzwisisa munzanga. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe zvakakosha kuita zvinoenderana ari muvanhu, iye ari kuita kuti kudzidza kwoupenyu hwose. Maererano masayendisiti akawanda, kana munhu anokwanisa kuporesa, ipapo pane mukana kuti zvinogona kuitika kuporeswa zvakakwana vanhu.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pfungwa zvose Freudians uye chiNazi Freudians kungakanganisa munzanga upenyu uye kukura tsika uye tsika. Kana vanhu, zviri munzira pakukwana.