Genres sentimentalism. Zvinoumba sentimentalism mumabhuku

Genres sentimentalism, mukusiyana kune chekare-mhanya, akadana muverengi zivo munhuwo manzwiro, kuti yomunyika ehurumende dzinongoitika uye mhando, kubatanidza pamwe zvakasikwa. Uye kana classicism akanamata chete chikonzero, vanotadza zviripo pfungwa dzose, kuti hurongwa (maererano dzidziso nhetembo Boileau), emhizha-sentimentalist akanga akasununguka mupfungwa ayo mashoko, kutiza zvokufungidzira. Akazvarwa kutsutsumwa pamusoro chikonzero kuoma kuri mumashoko Kujekerwa, Genres zvose sentimentalism havasi chii chavainacho kubva mutsika, uye kuti ukuru mweya kutora kubva ayo pasi.

Background kuti sentimentalism

Absolutist feudal hurumende yakanga nehope kwazvo dambudziko. In nzvimbo evanhu tsika kuuya tsika, akanyudzwa mukati yevanhu munhu, pamwe vsesoslovnoy. Sentimentalism - tsanangudzo ari mabhuku manzwiro ari widest strata nzanga ine simba Anti-feudal kudzikama.

The wechitatu wakare, upfumi chinhanho, asi mumagariro uye zvematongerwo enyika simba, akawedzera kurwisa vakakwirira uye nevafundisi. Zvakanga ipapo, ari mukirasi yechitatu, uye akaberekwa akakurumbira: "Liberty, kuenzana, Fraternity" - iyo yakava sirogani kuti kumukira zvose. Social tsika vanhu akabvunza democratization.

Rationalist nemaonero pachena uchapupu ndiro rine chokwadi pfungwa, saka pfungwa dambudziko. Mhedziso umambo sezvo muchimiro hurumende mamiriro vakawira kupinda kuora. Pfungwa umambo vazvidzisa pfungwa chinoziva mambo - uyewo nekuti anenge hapana kana mumwe havana zvinodiwa chaiwo vanhu.

kukunda tsika

The zvinoita bourgeoisie maererano yechipiri yezana remakore rechi18 rakawedzera zvokuti akatanga zvitungamirire mashoko kune mamwe makirasi zvose, kunyanya kuburikidza netsika. Kuva mutsigiri pfungwa mberi, iye akazvigovera kuna mabhuku uye unyanzvi.

Uyezve, inogarwa vamiririri chavo zvakavapoteredza: Rousseau - mhuri watchmaker, Voltaire - gweta Diderot - Artisan ... Pamusoro vemifananidzo uye yeuka hapana pfungwa, nokuti zvachose wechitatu vevaGiriki, kungovimba uye chete.

Nepo sectors vose nzanga kuDemocratic mashoko rechi18 yakawedzera kusvetuka uye miganhu, kwete chete muna Third Estate. idzodzi akabvunza kuti mukupera Kujekerwa mamwe magamba, Mamiriro ezvinhu uye nezvekufadza itsva. Zvisinei Genres kuti sentimentalism mumabhuku vatsva havana. Elegiac nhetembo, epistolary Genre, netsamba - vose refu anozivikanwa siyana vakazadzwa kugutsikana itsva.

The chikuru zviri sentimentalism mumabhuku

Serimwe rinogona kutsiva nheyo Kujekerwa Rationalist uzivi paachabvisa imwe nzira manzwisisire kwenyika regai pfungwa, uye mwoyo, kureva, kureva chikamu nezvekufadza uye manzwiro. Literature - ndiye munda kaiva Genres vose sentimentalism.

Sentimentalists vaidavira kuti murume pachisikigo ndiko kuva vatorwa kuna kungwara uye rationality, zviri pedyo yepanyama zvakatipoteredza, riri kudzidzisa pfungwa anopa maererano yomukati. Kunaka anofanira kuva echisikigo, vakanyora, uye chete panguva mukuru mwero nehanya vanhu vanogona kuwana mufaro chaiwo. The chikuru Genres pamusoro sentimentalism mumabhuku uye saka vakanga vakasarudzwa pahwaro hwepedyo: anofudza, rine runyararo, kufamba, pachedu diaries kana tsamba.

Kuvimba dzinongoitika pakutanga (An Education) uye kugara chaiwo masango - zvakasikwa - Ndivo mbiru mbiri pamusoro zviri yakavakirwa Genres ose sentimentalism.

Technical uye munzanga mberi, hurumende, vanhu, nhoroondo, dzidzo - Mashoko aya maererano sentimentalism vainyanya okutuka. Progress sezvo nheyo dzakasimbisa Kujekerwa yakavakwa nemasayendisiti uye weduramanzwi, akanga sochton zvisingakoshi uye kunokuvadza kwazvo, uye kuratidzwa zvose yebudiriro - nengozi vanhu. Dzeboka akabayira kushoma oga upenyu hwokumaruwa, uyewo vaifanira - upenyu chinyakare uye dzomusango sezvinobvira.

Umhare Nyaya okupedzisira Genres ose sentimentalism, kwete pamwe chete. Daily, nyore nemaonero ukaadzadza. Panzvimbo inopenya manzwiro, kurwisa zvakaipa uye unhu hwakanaka sentimentalism ari mabhuku rechi18 remakore kwakaratidza kuchena manzwiro uye hunova zvenyika womukati paavhareji munhu. Kakawanda, chizvarwa chechitatu vevaGiriki, kwakabva nguva kuti kana zviri pasi. Sentimentalism, tsanangudzo mumabhuku reDemocratic pathos, anoramba zvachose kusarurana zvavakatemerwa ne budiriro.

nyika romukati wemunhu: mumwe maonero

In kupedzisa Age of Kujekerwa, mutsva kuitika iri zvisiri kure zvinotaurwa edzidzo. Zvisinei, sentimentalism uye Classicism mumabhuku nyore vakanzwisisa kubva classicists Vanyori zvakawanda hunhu, mu hunhu - the predominance upi mumwe inoratidza muite tsika kuongorora.

Sentimentalists akaratidzawo gamba somunhu uye hariperi gakava. Aigona sangana uye shasha uye choushati, nekuti kubva pakuberekwa kwake yokusafa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Uye nehunhu - rakanaka kutanga, budiriro - zvakaipa. Monosyllabic kupima kazhinji hairevi chinhu gamba nekunzwisisa mabasa. Zvingangodarowo kuti akaipa, asi nikogoda Mhedziso, nokuti nguva dzose ane mukana kuteerera zvisikwa uye kudzokera munzira kunaka.

Pano didacticism ichi, uye dzimwe nguva raiva norusaruro, uye sentimentalism chokuita zvakasimba yaitonga erudzi ake.

Kapoka kunzwa uye subjectivity

The chikuru Genres ose sentimentalism iri zvikuru akarondedzera nyaya, nenzira iyi vanokwanisa kuratidza zvizere sangano mwoyo womunhu. Ichi yokufungidzira mutsamba, chinhu elegy, diaries, netsamba uye zvose unokubvumira kutaura wokutanga munhu.

Munyori haina ambomiswa chinhu kuti rinomiririra, uye kuratidzwa kwayo - kupfuura chinokosha nyaya. The Chimiro zvakare zvikuru akasununguka mabhuku canons regai tisave fungidziro, murwiyo riri zvemasanga, uye chero uwandu lyrical digressions.

Akaberekerwa wechipiri gumi pamhenderekedzo England, chikuru Genres ose sentimentalism yechipiri yezana remakore kunge yatumbuka muEurope. Most zvakajeka - muEngland, France, Germany uye Russia.

England

The Lyrics wokutanga akabvuma kuti mutsetse yavo ine sentimentalism mune mabhuku. Chakajeka Vamiririri: muteveri dzekare theorist Nikola Bualo - Dzheyms Tomson, uyo akapedza ake Chirungu hunhu elegy, izere netariro; muvambi "kumakuva" pamusoro poetics Edward Jung; kutsigira dingindira Scot Robert Blair kuti nhetembo "Guva," uye Thomas Gray pamwe elegy rakanyorwa mumusha kumakuva. Vose vanyori izvi Nde pfungwa wakaenzana vanhu vasati vafa.

Zvadaro - uye zvakanakisisa - ine sentimentalism akazviratidza mumabhuku Genre yokufungidzira. Samuel Richardson kusarudza akaputsa pamwe netsika kutsika, kutsika uye picaresque yokufungidzira, kunyora yokufungidzira mutsamba. "Baba," achitungamirirwa Lourens Stern vakatanga pashure kunyora mashoko yokufungidzira "A Rwaibva Mumwoyo Journey Through France uye Italy, Va Yorick", iro akapa zita nomurayiridzo. Yepamusoro pakati dzinonetsa Chirungu sentimentalism anoonekwa kuti basa Oliver Goldsmith.

France

Inonyanya klassiske muchimiro sentimentalism iri kuchengetwa wechitatu wekutanga namasere remakore muFrance. De Marivaux raiva pakutanga prose ichi, achirondedzera upenyu Marianne uye murimi mudiki, rakabudiswa muna vanhu. The Abbe Prevost zvabatsira palette manzwiro vanorondedzerwa mabhuku - imwe chido kuti kwakatungamirira njodzi.

Mugumo sentimentalism muFrance - Jean-Zhak Russo dzake epistolary enganonyorwa. Nature pamabasa ake anokosha pachayo, zvakasikwa vanhu. The nganonyorwa "pupuro" - Zvakazarurwa autobiography mumabhuku nyika.

De Saint-Pierre, mudzidzi Rousseau, akaramba kutsigira chokwadi, izvo anoparidza mikuru Genres zviri sentimentalism: kufara murume maererano zvakasikwa uye simba. Chaaitarisira maruva kuti "zvekumwe" iri romanticism, unoratidza nyika dzinopisa kwemakungwa kure.

Uyewo, musatora nzvimbo vateveri Rousseau uye ZH.-S. Mercier, kukuvadza yokufungidzira "The Savage" chinyakare (akanyatsokodzera) uye civilizational siyana kuvapo. Zvibereko yebudiriro Mercier sokuva publicist mu "mifananidzo Paris."

Writer-akadzidzisa of the Breton (mazana maviri anoshanda mavhoriyamu!) Mumwe vateveri Rousseau vakavimbika zvikuru. Akanyora sei anoparadza ezvinhu dzomumaguta kuti chobva tsotsi, tsika uye akachena jaya, uye akakurukura pfungwa pedagogy tichitarisa vakadzi dzidzo uye kurerwa.

Kubva nokumukirana ine sentimentalism mumabhuku vaingobvuma anyangarika. Genres sentimentalism mumabhuku vafumiswa itsva chaizvo.

Germany

A Kutarira chitsva panguva mabhuku Germany kwakakonzerwa G.-E. Lessing. Zvakatanga gakava Zurich University mapurofesa Bodmer uye Johann Jakob Breitinger pamwe kuchitsigira mutsigiri classicism - German Gottsched. The Swiss vakarwa nokuda wokufananidzira zvokufungidzira, asi yokuGermany haana kubvumirana nazvo.

F.-G. Klopstock wakasimbisa nzvimbo sentimentalism kushandisa ngano Medieval weGermany tsika nyore zvakanyatsobatana manzwiro mwoyo German. Asi ichatonga zvine mbiri German sentimentalism akauya chete ari manonwe ramakore rechi18 chokuita basa iri pakusika zvitupa Literature vechikamu racho "Sturm and Drang".

In kuitika ichi uye JW achiri muduku Goethe. "Mabote Young Werther," Goethe akadurura mabhuku dzematunhu German panguva mugango-European. Pachena simba "Sturm and Drang" uye mutambo uri I.-F. Schiller.

Russia

Russian sentimentalism akazarura Nikolaem Mihaylovichem Karamzinym - "Letters a Russian mufambi", "Varombo Liza" - ari ounyanzvi ane nekunzwisisa prose. Utetsa, kuora mwoyo, kuda kuzviuraya - huru zviri sentimentalism mumabhuku - muna Karamzin kubatanidzwa nemamwe zvakagadzirwa zhinji. Akava muvambi boka nevanyori Russian, uyo akarwa zvekare grandiloquent mabhii uye mutauro mutsva wokufananidzira. To boka iri nhengo II Dmitriev, VA Zhukovsky nevamwe.