Geodetic kuzvidzora: zvinhu

Geodetic kuzvidzora hurongwa chiri akarayira kuyerwa uye Masvomhu kubvumira kudzora Kururama kiyi geometric parameters panguva kuvakwa. Pfungwa huru zvinhu izvi - kupa zvakafanira zvose tolerances uye mitemo raanotaura magadzirirwo mapepa.

Features Matanho

The chinhu rokudzora kunogona kuva nezvivako kwete chete, asiwo Engineering zvivako uye kukurukurirana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bvunzo nzira yakagadzirirwa nechokwadi zvakakodzera unhu zvose kuvakwa uye kugadzwa mabasa. Geodetic kuzvidzora rinoitwa munguva kuvakwa mabasa uye yokuti parameters izvi:

• zvakarurama placement pezvivako, avo vakanga vaine kwavakarerekera uye geometric parameters;
• zvakarurama urongwa zvinhu zvose chesamende hwaro panguva kugadzwa;
• chienderane akatakura zvinhu, zvakadai mbiru namatombo, michina mapepa zvinodiwa.

Chii muitiro

Kudzora pamusoro zvatariswa rinoitwa nevanhu pakuverenga namasanhu zvivako uye ezvirevo chaiwo alignments miganhu. Kuti izvi zvidaro, mauto engineering mabasa anoitwa rikaisa aidzora chinhu chinokosha inoratidza uye mapuranga. Ipapo kure pakati pavo kunoyerwa dzakakwirira-zvakarurama zviridzwa. The zvichiguma tsika akanyorwa matanda, mashoko iyo zvino inova hwaro shoko. Documents yaunganidzwa nzira iyi kunoita kuti tidzivise zvikanganiso pakuvaka zvivako.

Kana panenge pachivakwa midziyo inoshandiswa rakamanikana nezvechii, mukuru-zvakarurama kuyera nhumbi uye kushandiswa nzira kukarukureta. matanho akadaro kuti tikwanise zvakarurama kuongorora mamiriro zvose chivakwa zvivako uye zvikamu.

rinoreva

By mhando mabasa geodetic kuzvidzora unogona kukamurwa 2 mhando: kuramba uye munharaunda. nzira yokutanga kunosanganisira daily richiona nezvezvabuda anodiwa geometrical parameters kweimba, uye kugara pamberi nyanzvi pamusoro chinhu. Ipfungwa ichi pachayo chikuru chinoratidza pamwero mukuru zvivako, zvakadai nhandare huru kunotenga dzezvitoro, apo bhuku basa rinoitwa inoda zvechigarire nokuongororwa.

Local geodetic kuzvidzora zvivako kunoreva kuyerwa ano parameters zvaida zvinhu panzvimbo. Kwakadaro nezvechisarudzo zvingava zvakakodzera mune vasingakoshi Vhoriyamu basa rokuvaka, sezvo unokubvumira kupa zvakafanira unhu kuyerwa pasina kufarirwa mamwe mari.

The muitiro Matanho

Geodetic kuzvidzora pakuvaka kunosanganisira zvinotevera zviri:

1. basa Construction achabatsirwa 2 matanho. Wokutanga ainzi dzichipfekeka kuzvidzora uye vakaziva unoruramisira kuvaka. Wechipiri - gwapa macheki rinoitwa makaita simba iri kuedza kugamuchira basa chakapedzwa mamiriro kana mumwe nzendo kuvakwa.
2. Migumisiro zvinonyorwa nedanho operative kuzvidzora zvinofanira kuratidzwa mukuru magazini mapepa, pamwe kwairayirwa chinoratidza kuwanda zvarakasiya kubva kukura, izvo zvinoratidzwa gwaro.
3. Geodetic zvichiongororwa hurongwa kunosanganisira vachiongorora nemagadzirirwo kudururwa nheyo kongiri. Concreting muitiro iri pakurukurwa ongororo pane zvinhu zvose formwork uye chisimbiso. Kuyera centre kure nhoo hukawanika ratakurwa chipfuro; makavigwa kukwirira nzvimbo inotongwa chokururamisa nacho rikurumidze.
4. Check waivako girazi chawo ichipfuura yakatarwa nzvimbo iri pakati pemitsara. Control rinoitwa nevanhu nzvimbo staked akabatana hama kuti mitsetse ataurwa pachine.
5. Kuita zviri kuvakwa rokuvambwa yepamusoro mitemo yakanyorwa gwaro, izvo akasaina nomumiririri waishandiswa kutarisira rumwe rutivi, uye nhengo hwakawanda mamwe. Kuita anoumbwa vakashandisa marongerwo okunze, vachishandisa izvo kudzorwa.
6. Muitiro pakuvaka mbiru nguva dzose pashure ane paku Kuongororwa pokuita pamusoro chirongwa dzemakomo nzvimbo. Mbiru achasimbiswa kushandisa lateral uye zvido zvevanhu munoenzanisa.
7. Munguva kugadzwa kuzvidzora zviumbu chiri kuitwa uye akaronga dzavo wehunyambiri placement. The vakaronga nzvimbo vagara vandifungira kubatanidza namasanhu pamwe nematemo Nzira Dzinovaka masvingo. On hunyambiri zvinogumbura achiongorora kushandisa Rwonzi kana chechetere.

Kudzora mukuru-vosimba kuvaka

Dzemakomo zvinhu munguva geodetic kuzvidzora vanoumba yoga muchikwata. Nokukanganisa pakuvaka zvivako dzakadaro kunogona kukonzera zvakakomba. Deformation zvivako zvinogona kukonzerwa blunders pamasikiro, dzinongoitika migumisiro uye simba ivhu ezvinhu. Nanganai vachiongorora zviri deformation pezvakaitwa hunoumba rinokosha chikamu ramangwana gadziriro zvaishandiswa magadzirirwo.

Sangano geodetic kuzvidzora kuri kuitwa nenzira yakadaro kuti kunyange panguva padariro mazano mukuru-vosimba zvivakwa kuenda kudzora basa rinoitwa. Under kuvakwa geodetic basa mainjiniya kunovimbisa zvaidiwa kugadzira mapepa. Kupindira vanachiremba unodiwawo kana akatakura rokugadziridza guru zvivako uye kuurayiwa mabasa kusimbisa hwaro. kuzvidzora midziyo iyi nyaya yakavakirwa kwete chete pane zvine chokuita asiwo Geological zviri nzvimbo.

Geodetic mabasa pakuvaka mukuru-vosimba zvivako kunze bedzi nokuda masangano chaizvo Permissions. Nyanzvi makambani aya kuti zvikuru anofanira vanopupurirwa kuita akakodzera mabasa. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti mukuru-vosimba mamiriro yemanyorero kunoda munhu geodetic zvichiongororwa hurongwa.

Zvaidiwa mhando mitemo

Paivakwa zvivako uye zvivako yepamusoro nyaya Akagamuchira rakawedzera kutarisirwa. akavhiyiwa All anoitwa pamwe kukanganisa mitemo hazvo pasi shandurudzo. Wokutanga unhu kudzora nhano ndiyo kuuya kuongorora. macheki akadaro zvinhu zvose kuti vauye kuvakwa. Control rinoratidza zvaidiwa zvokuvakisa zvinodiwa unyanzvi mapepa, uye kuti vane zvakakodzera certificate. Uyewo, kuuya unoona zvikanganiso anobudiswa panguva chokufambisa.

Danho rechipiri yokuedzwa anonzi operative kuzvidzora. Vavariro yake - kuwana uye kubvisa zvinopikisana mu nedanho kuvakwa mabasa. Chokutanga Akatsunga kuti mabasa aripo chirongwa nemirayiridzo. ongororo kwakadaro pasi nedanho basa, kusvikira vachidzikisa uye kuchengetera zvinhu.

kutarisira mabasa

Basa rinokosha muitiro pakuongorora geometric parameters zvezvivako kunokosha geodetic unhu kuzvidzora. Muitiro vanosanganisira pakuongorora bhuku Data plan, vachiongorora nzvimbo panguva ungano, uye ongorora zvechadenga rakapera mamiriro. Nokufamba kuvakwa vari achiongorora uye nokudzivirira akatakura mutoro-STRUCTURAL okunze. Data muunganidzwa kushandisa kuongorora zviridzwa rinoitwa chete vaya migove zvivako, hunobata rakarurama geometry pakati yakarurama kugadzwa vamwe mazano.

kubvuma basa

The kuedza kugamuchira ari kuvaka kunoitika maererano kutenderwa chirongwa basa. Usati chinhu vanofanira kugadzirira zvinotevera mapepa:

• prefabricated vanodhirowa;
• zvitupa uye mapasipoti kuti kongiri zvigadzirwa;
• zvinyorwa achisimbisa chatingatevedzera kushandiswa apo kugadzwa zviri consumables, dzakadai electrodes uye fasteners;
• rabhoritari kuidzwa welded majoini;
• chitupa achisimbisa zvinodiwa rokuvhiya vashandi;
• migumisiro geodetic zvokuyera;
• zvinyorwa kuti ungano uye nomoto.

Inenge hafu tsaona uye matambudziko nokushanda muzvivako kukonzerwa zvinetso kuvakwa kwacho. Vazhinji urema izvi hazvisi nokukurumidza, uye nedanho udzvanyiriri. The chikuru Basa geodetic kudzora zvivako ndiwo mangwanani kuonekwa uye kudzivirira urema pakuvaka kwacho.