Giant nhuta makonzo: tsanangudzo, mapikicha. Rare mhando yemhuka

Ichi chinhu kujairika uye kashoma mune hunhu hwemhuka iri semhosva mhuka, rodent.

About zvinhu kuti une ichi mhuka chinoshamisa rinonzi hofori nhuta (izvo anogara panzvimbo vakapararira pamusoro tsika uye nezvimwewo.) It ichakurukurwa munyaya ino,.

Ndezvipi zvisingawanzoitiki kwemarudzi zvemhuka?

A kuwanda zvikuru siyana upenyu siyana inosanganisira Nyika. Parizvino, vazhinji vavo vatova yakatotsakatika uye akasara zvakaoma chaizvo kudziverenga.

Kazhinji, vanhu pfungwa pedyo nemhuka akanaka, vanogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzinochengetwa mhuka, kana unogona kuverenga nezvazvo mumabhuku. Asi pane munyika uye zvisikwa kuti zvakaoma kuwana zvakasikwa, uye izvo kwete vose anoziva. Ndivo mhuka uye dziri kuda kutsakatika. Zviri kunyanya kuoma kuona mhuka mhenyu pevhu. Pakati pavo kupfuura zvisingawanzoitiki mhando dzemhuka. Mumwe wavo - hofori nhuta.

Vazhinji havaiti kunyange kuziva kuti zvinoshamisa uye siyana nyika dzomusango vari vagari pachivande nyika ivhu. Vazhinji vavo vakatanga kuburuka yavo kubva kupfuura kare, vaya vaiva nepfuma uye rinotyisa hofori nhuta.

Giant nhuta makonzo: tsanangudzo

Giant zviri hama, sezvo kwayo zvachose kurema ndiyo chete 0,7 kusvika 1 kg, muviri une kureba 25-30 cm muswe urefu - 4 masendimita mhuri yake dzepedyo nevamwe :. Bukovinskii nhuta, pachena, jecha uye vazhinji dzimwe mhando body mass 200-300 magiramu vakareruka.

Light ruvara, ndachena-yellow mashava kana ocher ane nhuta (nechepazasi mufananidzo) chokumusoro muviri mugove. In mhuka ekare pamusoro musoro iri rinenge chena. Bemhapemha ventral mbava iri hwakapararira rima pfumbu matauriro. Vamwe zvinhu pahuma uye dumbu mavara chena (iri kukwana albinism). Ruvara mbava nedumbu iri hunodzorwa kwasviba pfumbu zvenzwi. The paganda mhuka iri nyore uye shoma-ukoshi. The mberi Chikamu dehenya rakafara, mapfupa ari nasal mapfupa uye mukanwa mupfupi kuti vamwe mhando mhuri yayo. Occipital mu nhuta uyewo akasiyana, iri chete pazasi. The nechemberi okumusoro incisors ndiyo convex.

Maapuro ziso hofori nhuta zvakavigwa pasi ganda, uye utano hwake yavo kwazvo havaratidzi yakatanga, saka mhuka iyi inenge havagoni kuona chinhu.

waridza

Kuparadzirwa hofori nhuta kutiza uye jecha dzine Ciscaucasia Zavolzhja. Iye endemic kune Semi-mugwenga kumatunhu ari reCaspian uye anogara dzakaderera inosvika pakati rwizi Terek, Kuma uye Sulak.

In rwezasi, nzvimbo yavo kusvika mutsara Gudermes - Makhachkala. In Zimbabwe Dagestan, zvinowanika pamapani: iri Terek-Kuma uye Sulak. Pane imwe nguva kwakanga diki nzvimbo uye dzinogarisana emhuka idzi kumaodzanyemba Kalmykia, asi zvino, zviri pachena kuti, vari vaenda. Chidembo makonzo, kugara voga nokuda yepazasi kunosvika ose. Ural (mafashamo mumapani Wheel, Emba uye Temir - Kazakhstan) kunobvumirwa vakaparadzana chimiro - nhuta Ural.

Mune dzimwe nyika, hofori nhuta haagari.

nzvimbo

Kazhinji, hofori nhuta anogara nemumakomo sand, vanobatisisa pfupi manyoro nzvimbo pamwe rwizi mumipata uye gungwa Mahombekombe. Mukuwedzera, vari inowanikwa sagebrush uye uswa-forb steppes. Uyewo, mhuka iyi vanogona zvakanaka anthropogenic nzvimbo: mumapindu, minda chemombe uye nezvimwe zvadzinofura rekushongedzesa, bindu runofarira. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muKazakhstan nhuta vakagara kunyange dondo glades uye yenguvo.

Features mararamiro

Mufambiro mhuka iyi zvinoshamisa zviri havaratidzi kunzwisisa.

Giant nhuta anotungamirira munhu ndakagara mararamiro, pevhu, dzichiisa kunzwisisa multistage hurongwa kunoita pevhu mu akaturikidzana jecha. Vematombo ake -. Primary chishandiso kuchera sitiroko, wakanyengwa ari kudzika 20-50 masendimita uye dhayamita pamusoro 11-15 masendimita Peak uone basa iri tsime (March kusvika April).

pose The pasi munzvimbo idzodzo akasarudzwa ivhu womumwe semirwi kureba 30-50 masendimita ari dhayamita uye 1.5 metres. The zvachose kureba tunnels ndiyo mashomanana zana metres, uye kuchengetwa, uye nesting makamuri dziri panguva kudzika 0,9-3 mamita.

Distance pakati vanhu nemhuka 150-250 m. Nhuta makonzo Very kashoma kuuya pamusoro. Active hofori nhuta rose gore uye vakakomberedza wachi. In hope arege kuwa.

1 kubereka kunoitika kamwe pagore mangwanani yechirimo. Akazvarwa yemanyorero kubva 2 kusvika 6 mhuru kuti vari pakutanga mai nguva, uye kuwa pamusara. Nhuta (Photo pazasi mucheche) vachiyaruka kuna 2nd gore upenyu hwavo.

maitiro

Ko chisikwa ichi chinoshamisa zvinhu ndezvemamiriro mhuka yose ushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo, kufema kunoitika chiedza, ane mvere, kurera vana vavo, "maererano nemirau." Pane chimwe chinhu. Young hariwaniki pamusoro chiedza, uye mukudhinda rima. Uye vanorarama pamazuva ake ari mukati Nyika, kwete ndiripo pamusoro pechiso chiedza.

Nhuta anodya?

pevhu mativi miti (tubers, rhizomes uye Mabumba) ndiwo simba chikuru wemhuka. Yemanyorero imwe nhuta pandiri mukamuri anoita inosimbisa mumatanda kuti 2-2.5 makirogiramu.

vavengi nhuta

Competitors nevavengi hunhu Rafa nhuta chokuita kuvanza mararamiro iri kusvika ipapo. Chete kuti resettle vaduku kashoma kundorwa makava, shiri dzinodya nyama uye nekatsi.

Mukupedzisira, chinhu chikuru - kuchengetedza mamiriro

Rare mhando rodent musango - hofori nhuta. The Red Book kweRussia uye IUCN Red List zvemhuka zvisingawanzoitiki akaumbwa isingawanzowanikwi mhuka.

Nokuda varombo ruzivo urwu mhando mashoko akarurama pamusoro nhamba dzavo ikoko. Izvi haiwanzowaniki uye havaratidzi kunzwisisa mhuka kuti ane pasi pamuviri zvinogona.

uwandu hwevanhu yavo kana kugadzikana kana kuderera.

Uyezve, kupararira nhuta makonzo munharaunda yavo muduku zvikuru gogonera. Rinomiririra munhu nemisha, kazhinji dzakapfigirwa jecha akakura. Panewo zvinoderedza vanhu uye kusabatana dzinogarisana nokuda pezvakaitwa dzevanhu, basa chokuita kunyika reclamation (dzokurima yemhandara uye wakagara nyika, kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene, kuvakwa kudiridzwa yaNire), overgrazing munzvimbo dzine dzinogarisana zvemhuka uye zvimwe zveupfumi basa usingabereki kufungawo kudiwa kuramba wakadaro isingawanzowanikwi mhuka pevhu semhare nhuta.

pamusoro uwandu mhando mashoko akavimbika zvakasikwa nokuda kwavo mararamiro (pachivande). Uwandu mhuka iyi zvinoshamisa, zvichida chete zviuru zvishomanana maBhaibheri.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pagadzirwe vaRafa nhuta hakubvumidzwi.