Kubatsira uye zvinofadza zvine chokuita nyoka

Mugove kwakadaro rengano wakasika zvisikwa chokusaroora uye dzisingazikamwi, sezvinoita nyoka, vanhu vanobva pasi pose. Asi kana vamwe marudzi nyoka - chinhu chinonamatwa uye deification, iyo inomirira simba, uchenjeri, kuvandudzwa, vamwe vanotya izvi muridzo uye zvinokambaira nemhuka. Nyaya ino uchaudzwa kujairika uye zvinofadza zvine chokuita nenyoka.

Hofori nyoka nyika

Nhasi musi redu, pane zvinopfuura 3,000 mhando nenyoka, uye vanenge 1,000 vavo - chepfu. Ukuru mhuka idzi kunogona kuva siyana chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, muna Indonesia, kumadokero vepachitsuwa Sumatra akabatwa makuru zvevakomana, mumwe Shato, kureba - vanenge 15 mamita.

Zvichitevera anaconda ndiyo a boa ane kureba 5 kusvika 6 metres, kunyange pane zviitiko uye vanopfuura 9 mamita. Kwemazana emakore, vagari South America, kutya vana uye ngano vavo pamusoro nyoka akafukidza vakadzungairira shava makwapa uye kurarama kunyarara madhamu uye rwizi zvengarava. anaconda yaimbonzi uyewo mvura nyoka, izvo chaizvoizvo haambozvipikisi chokwadi: nyoka iyi chaizvoizvo runobva kuna subfamily pamusoro boas, uye iye anoda mvura here.

Other zvinonakidza zvine chokuita nyoka kubata uturu mhando, wakarebesa pakati pavo ndiye mambo nechiva, izvo muviri kunogona kusvika 6 mamita.

Asi mune yaimbova USSR, chikuru mumiririri nezvinokambaira vaiona nyoka mhuri venyoka. Zvinogona vachikura mamita maviri pakureba uye anosvika 3 makirogiramu.

Nyoka kana gonye

Zviduku nyoka - microhylidae dvuhlineychataya (Leptotyphlops bilineata) - anogara Caribbean muzvitsuwa izvi zvakafanana Martinique, Santa Lucia, Barbados, nokureba kashoma kukasapfuura 10 masendimita Chimwe mumiririri vakasiyana nezvinokambaira -. Slepun brahminic (Typhlops braminus), kana potting nyoka runobva kuna mhuri slepozmeek. Interesting zvinhu pamusoro nyoka vemhuri iyi ine pakuti chaizvo mapofu nekuti meso avo anenge yakavharwa uye underdeveloped ganda. Uyezve, slepuny vanosarudza kurarama mu hari, akaisa pakati warm mumugwagwa kana mubindu. Nyoka unogara South Asia, ivo zvomuPacific uye Indian nyanza, uye ruva hari, uye akatamira kune Hawaiian Islands, Madagascar uye Mexico.

Kujairika zvinhu pamusoro nyoka marangwanda

Masayendisiti Modern vanoziva anenge zvose pamusoro nyoka, asi hachimboregi katyamadza mavambo ari maumbirwo marangwanda yavo. Kusiyana nedzimwe mhuka dzose, nezvinokambaira havana maoko nemakumbo. Chete panguva huru chaizvo specimens pakati boas vanogona kuwana zvisaririra zviri chiuno uye hadzi nemakumbo. Zvakananga dehenya anobatana hunde, pasina musiyano, kunze saizi, pakati vertebrae vasina mapoka ose mashanu. vertebrae Total inogona kubva 200 kusvika 400. Uwandu micheto nyoka vanogona kusvika kusvika 200, uye pamwe vertebrae pamusoro marangwanda chokuita ne kwegadziriro kwakavharwa nenyama nemarunda uye tsandanyama.

anatomi

No zvishoma zvinonakidza zvine chokuita nyoka vakawana kana tinotanga kudzidza maumbirwo dzavo nhengo dzomukati. Saka, itsvo nezvinokambaira izvi hazvisi akaiswa kurudyi nokuruboshwe, sokunge, mumwe pashure pomumwe - mberi neshure. Asi nyoka mwoyo unogona kufamba kure nzvimbo yadzo yepakutanga, iyo inoita kuti chakaipa kwemutemo yakamedza zvokudya kuburikidza muura.

Mumwe, asi chisingatarisirwi, zvakarurama pamusoro nyoka; vava matsi ataiita shoko, nokuti eardrum uye pakati nzeve kunge atrophied zvachose. Maererano dumbu pasi, nezvinokambaira izvi kubata akasiyana-siyana vibrations muviri uye vibrations, kusanganisira inzwi.

Panzvimbo pokuenda nyoka fused nemumwe uye yakajeka nesimba lenses, anopenya. Inokuchengetedza maziso kubva siyana kukuvara nyoka panguva kufamba , kana kuvhima.

Kana uchirwisa muromo nyoka inogona rakazaruka 180 ^0. Yokumusoro shaya nezvinokambaira vakapakata misara miviri, uye nechepasi - mumwe musara kwemeno. Yose upenyu, kusanganisira canines, vari kuchinja. The chakarebesa mazino akakurumbira African Gabon nyoka ivo iye anogona kukura kusvika 3 cm.

Sei anovhima?

Chokwadi, kuudza zvose pamusoro nenyoka imwe nyaya hakushandi, asi pane nzira kuvamisa kuvhima voga.

kunovhima nzira kuvimba mhando kuti ndowenyika goroondo. Uturu vanhu vanosarudza kumirira zvavo vakavandira, uye kukonzera yakarurama uye nokutsanya ichivhuvhuta, kuuraya munhu. Kana iwe achisuwa nyoka, kuti vanonzi kwemanheru iye vachadzingirira refu - 1-3 metres, uye ipapo kuzodzosera Ndinoda rakamira, vakamirira. Asi nyoka nenhumbi virulence yayo haina nguva dzose kugara vakavandira: nyoka idzi vanokwanisa kukurira refu kunotsvaka nyama. Sandy Efa uye Pallas copperhead anogona vanoverevedza vachipinda burrows that ose nemakonzo uye ipapo rekudya zvavo, asi kuvhima uye vavandiri vari kushandiswa.

Avo vasina uturu, chete varambe akabatwa zvibairo uye kumedza navo kana kushandisa unyanzvi kuti strangulation. Nyoka kumedza zvavo mupenyu, asi pythons uye boas kuuraya munhu, Coiled kumativi muviri wake uye kuwedzera simba compression marin'i zvishoma nezvishoma, chero iye haana kufa kubitirwa. Nokuti kuvhima nguva nyoka akakamurwa:

• zuva;
• kosviba;
• usiku.

gungwa venyoka

zvinokambaira aya anowanikwa zvikurukuru achitsva inodziya mvura nechokumadokero Pacific. Pakati Borneo uye Singapore anogara 27 akasiyana mhando gungwa nenyoka. The Australian yegungwa pamusoro 21, uye muna Great Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri - 14 mhando zvomumvura nezvinokambaira. In yose, kune anenge 70 mhando zvomumvura nezvinokambaira.

The zvinofadza zvikuru chinhu pamusoro nyoka kuti kurarama mugungwa, kuti, kunze cherpahoobraznyh, vane muchetura uye anogona kukuvadza kuti utano hwevanhu. Cherepahoobraznoy gungwa venyoka hazvisi ngozi vanhu nokuti kudya mazai hove. Achifuridzirwa zvokudya mazino avo yachinjwa kuva chete ndiro, saka kuti vanova sezvinoita hamba. Muchetura haagoni kuagadzira, uye meno kuti jekiseni ake havachipo.