Grade - ndiko kuti: ayo unhu

Ndaziva kuva zvinomera, vanhu vakatanga kuedza kuvandudza hwavo Kuchengetedzwa uye kubereka chemhando yepamusoro siyana. Kunyange kare, marudzi akasiyana-siyana, gorosi, mazambiringa zvakasikwa, miti yemichero siyana. Saka akasimuka sayenzi nekukudziridza itsva chirimwa mhando - vakasarudzwa.

Kuparadzana chakangomuka mhando

Kirasi - chii? Grade akadana akadzikama boka zvinomera hwakagadzwa maberekero nzira uye tiine heritable Maitiro mukati boka iri. Mumwe muti siyana akaronga kuti morphological, zvoutachiona, zvoupfumi maitiro, izvo kusarudza zvachiri. Description of siyana zvinosanganisira akawanda zvinhu. Mavambo rinoratidza panobva zvakashandiswa kusika nayo. Pane siyana kukudziridzwa uye zvinomera zvomusango umo vanosarudzwa zvinodiwa zvinhu kusarudzwa rakakura. Maererano nenheyo iyi vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri, guru pfungwa sezvo-siyana. Chii kwayo siyana - pazasi. 1. Local - kuwanikwa kuburikidza-refu kusarudzwa rinoitwa nevanhu mune imwe nzvimbo. Vane anochinjika zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu yacho.

2. Selection - vari kwakavakirwa zvesayenzi uye, zvichienderana nzira nokubviswa, akavapindurawo, vanokamurwa muzvikwata akawanda:

• mutsetse mugwaro yaunganidzwa nomumwe pakusarudza vana kubva kuzvidzora mukume zvirimwa, nokudaro zvizere zvakafanana. zvinhu uye unhu, asi pamwe nguva nokuda kunotouraya vanorasikirwa zvakafanana ichi;
• mugwaro-vemo - Kazhinji landraces inoumbwa muchinjikwa pollinating zvirimwa vakawanda selection, umo panguva kunoitika uye zvakasikwa hybridization nevamwe chokuita miti;
• Miitiro inoburitsa zvinhu zvakanyatsofanana akasiyana vari vana chaivo rimwe, inoparadzirwa vegetatively, tsika uye yakakwirira homogeneity uye kutsiga;
• mugwaro VaNefirimu vanoumba iyo boka richitora mazamu chete kuchiitwa yakatarwa netsika zvizvarwa zvakawanda, kusarudza zvirimwa vane zvinodiwa ehupfumi.

zvoutachiona zviratidzo

Rutoto mhando. Chii zvipo zvinotevera zvoupfumi-utachiona zviratidzo?

1. Kuramba yaivhuvhuta dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu:

• akaomarara - husingakwanisi yakaderera tembiricha tsika yakakodzera kurimwa munzvimbo svikiro bhendi uye dzine zvakawanda kuchamhembe, zvichienderana kugiredhi;
• nzara nemishonga - kuita kuchikosha kushaya mwando shoma kurasikirwa yauinayo.

2. ya Mwaka wokukura - nenguva icho chirimwa unofanira kuenda kuburikidza yose kutenderera kukura. It kunobva mhando nemagariro, mukirasi, kupisa-rudo kana kuchitonhora nemishonga, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvizhinji. Izvi zvinokosha zvoutachiona chakarurama zvaidikanwa zvakakodzera zoning kuti zvirimwa.

3. goho vagara vandifungira negoho chigadzirwa, kureva, paavhareji goho pa chirimwa, uye avhareji nhamba zvinomera por chikwata nzvimbo dziri. For perennial Woody miti, zvinofungidzirwa kare vakura, kazhinji zviri makirogiramu por muti.

4. samoplodnye inechirevo mano miti kuti ovary kubudikidza nokuzvidzora pollination. Kana ichi zvazvingava yakaderera kana razero, saka anofanira kuva pedyo nomuti mukume aizova naye.

5. Ravirai unhu yakasiyana zvichienderana zviri zvibereko uye michero acids uye shuga.

6. Kupikiswa tupukanana uye nezvirwere chinhu chinokosha chaizvo unhu pagadzirwe zvakatipoteredza ushamwari zvigadzirwa, sezvo kubudiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kunotungamirira kuwanda kwavo miti uye mune zvakatipoteredza. mirayiridzo iyi haisi kusarudzwa chete mumwe mukuru, asi chinonetsa, nekuti yakakwirira chaizvo zvinogona kushanduka uye kukwanisa bereka kubva tupukanana uye utachiona.

7. mano mabukira kuti rooting wakaiswa zvikurukuru bheri pamakwenzi.

Exterior zvinhu

Varieties zvisingapindirani morphological zvinhu:

• mavara maruva;
• rokuumba uye asina kuenzana micheto ari machira;
• chirimwa nokukwirira;
• Potato - ruvara rweganda, chimiro tuber.

Nokufamba kwenguva, kusiyana-siyana itsva iri kurasikirwa zvivako zvinokosha, uye zvesayenzi uye hwokugadzira mberi mune zvokurima kunoita kuti tsika yakabereka yepamusoro zvinodiwa, saka muitiro pakusika uye kuvandudza mamakisi kunge zvachose.

Kuzviongorora siyana itsva

Saka, imwe itsva siyana goho. Ndeipi pamutemo kudzivirirwa International Union Chokudzivirira Selection kubudirira? Inoshandiswawo kuchengetedza zvido Breeders uye recoverability mari vakapedza navo. Nokuti mutemo unodzivirira kuti siyana aifanira neunyanzvi, kusanganisira unhu matatu.

1. chokuratidza kuti distinctness emarudzi - mapikicha, tsananguro zvinofanira kuva pachena distinguishable kubva kunomumwe yaizivikanwa panguva ino.

2. chokuratidza kuti homogeneity akasiyana-siyana - miti chokuita aronga marudzi vanofanira kuva zvakafanana mune nzira iyi kubereka.

3. Kugadzikana nzira - ose hunhu uye zvivako vanofanira kuramba kuchinja pashure inodzokororwa kupararira.

Kamwe itsva chirimwa siyana achapfuura zvose miedzo iri rinokosha nzvimbo, chakapiwa zita varietal, uye ari chakaunzwa mamiriro mazita maberekero kubudirira.

Development emarudzi itsva anopa vanhu hunobudirira zvirimwa, zvakawanda nemishonga yaivhuvhuta dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvakawanda. Life anokwirira zvinodiwa itsva dzakasiyana-siyana zvirimwa, saka ikozvino dzakabudirira nzira kuti rikurumidze maberekero kuti kuchaderedza nguva kukura itsva yepamusoro mhando zvinomera mune ramangwana.