Features uye maitiro despotism. Ancient Oriental despotism. Despotism - zviri ...

Shoko "Democracy" riri miromo zhinji, asi vanhu kazhinji havazivi chaiyo zvinoreva shoko uye kurishandisa zvakakodzera uye zvachose. Below isu ichatsanangura kuti despotism sezvo zvichishandurwa shoko iri zvinyorwa zvakasiyana, uye chii vari zvachiri.

Despotism - chii ichi?

Ngatitange pamwe zvikuru vakawanda tsanangudzo shoko. Saka despotism - chaiyo chimiro mamiriro apo simba rose runobva kuna mambo chete. simba kwakadaro hakuna nokudzorwa mutemo, poumambo iri kazhinji nhaka uye mutongi mitemo, kuvimba zvehondo-administrative midziyo.

Kakawanda, despotism akasangana ari muchimiro hurumende iri umambo yekare. Somuenzaniso, muIjipiti, Asiria, Persia, Bhabhironi, China, India. Sezvingatarisirwa, muchiitiko ichi shoko yomudzvinyiriri rakanga mutemo uye haana kukurukurwa. Yakanga panguva despotism vatora mitemo kupfuura benzi uye ropa. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo mubati munhu kunamatwa. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ichi - vaIjipiti. Kunyange pashure pokufa Farao akanga akaenzana naMwari, uye iye akanamata kuti zvakakodzera anokudza. Pasinei nokuti simba yomudzvinyiriri rakanga of jure parinogumira, de facto, zvose zvakanga zvakaipa. Mabasa yomudzvinyiriri aihuitira uye kazhinji akaisa zvinofarirwa nhete yakaurungana kwamachinda. Saka, despotism - mukana chehurumende nokuda elites uye kazhinji coexists pamwe oligarchy.

Chimbofunga pfungwa "yekare yokuMabvazuva despotism"

Pfungwa Oriental despotism unoenda kunyange kubva Herodotus - baba kare. Akarondedzera ezvinhu apo vatongi hadzisi namahwindo machechi, zvikuru nezvidiki, asiwo kumanikidzwa vanhu pachavo hombe, anoshamisa makuva uye makuva kuvaka. Pfungwa yekare Oriental despotism aiva mamwe maitiro. Saka, musoro wehurumende, ari mugoveri roruvanze uye muenzaniso mutemo yezvisikwa aiva mutongi despotic. Akanga vakanamata kunamatwa iye, aivengwa uye vakatya. The chehurumende chakanga Chokwadi, monarchist, uye simba rakanga zvokugarwa nhaka. Asi yomudzvinyiriri vasingagoni chibate pasina kutsigira munhu ramified administrative midziyo simba. Aifanira kushandisa zvakasiyana vanhu zvinobudirira, izvo kare kuumbwa zvakasiyana layer tisingatauri zvakazara-kuumbwa pfuma kusaruramisira. Uyezve, kunyange kare vanhu Eastern akatora chimiro uye vawana zvinhu zvinogona kurondwa kusvikira nhasi. Somuenzaniso, rave kusiyaniswa, uye ose evanhu stratum aiva nzvimbo yavo kwete chete vakuru vakuru, asi rinozivikanwa sangano, kodzero uye mabasa. Zviri panheyo iyi yaigona kutora chimiro uye anotumbuka chisimba ruvara pamavambo despotism of Ancient East.

The akanyatsorongwa rekare Eastern nzanga

Achitaura pamusoro nzanga dzokuMabvazuva ekare, hatikwanise pasocial chakajairika yakadai sevaranda. Kakawanda, zvakanga anonzi mumhuri muuranda, kana muranda aiva pfuma yemhuri huru. Uyezve, varanda akashanda mutemberi iri rokuvaka, muminda. Ndiani akava muranda?

Pfungwa, muranda aigona kuva munhu. Kakawanda, izvi munzanga stratum kukasawedzerwa vasungwa. Asiwo chinoitika kuti muranda aigona kuva akasununguka murume. Izvi chikwereti uranda. The vakawanda ava munharaunda, chikuru zvokuti vawana chikwereti youranda. Kana isu nezvazvo muuranda zvarwo, muIjipiti China pakutanga kwezana 2-3 emakore, kunyange kusika misika apo varanda vakatengeswa chete kuti zvienderane manakiro zvose. Muranda aigona kutenga kunyange mufudzi, mumwe murimi kana mhizha mediocre. Uyewo chikamu zvinoitwa despotism. izvi zvose anotaura Tichitarisa rapanzvimbo kwevaranda.

Mamirire zviri Oriental despotism

Chekutanga, ndicho zviri simba despotic mutongi dzechitendero. Key pasi despotism anzwe chakamuka Mwari, zimukadzimu. Saizvozvowo, simba rake riri inopiwa mumwe kunze Wemasimbaose pachake, uye kwaiva Mhedziso.

The mambo kwainzi chete mutongi nechiyero legality upi chiito. Izvi ndizvo zvose; kubva ukama kuna mambo wake rokuremekedza. Pfungwa yakadaro dambudziko simba aifanira wokubatanidza vanhu. Uye vakabatana. Pashure pezvose, kana simba rakapiwa zvakare kuna mambo, kana apiwa naMwari, zvichipesana gavhuna rinongova maturo. Ndicho zvoupenzi, nokuti Mwari simba, noruoko tsanangudzo, akachenjera uye nechinangwa nevoruzhinji zvakanaka. Naizvozvo, simba yomudzvinyiriri uye akaramba, vanhu vanenge kutya kuenda kundorwa hwake. Kunyanya kubva aionekwa kuva mumwe mukuru mukuru kana musoro vakuru yose rouprista. Funga mamwe maitiro zviri despotism.

Mabasa yomudzvinyiriri sezvo musoro vakuru yevapristi,

Akanga ose kodzero tiite vezvitendero zvose mhemberero chokuita nokuberekwa uye nembereko kutenderera ari. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mutongi aigona kunyange ubvise kunamata vanamwari vekare uye kugadzwa chitendero zvachose chitsva chinhu (sezvo zvakaitika muIjipiti).

Asi chii chero zvazvingava kunofanira kumboita kutonga mambo - ndiko kutora chikamu mune tsika chokuita norufu. Izvi zvakanga pamwe nokuti kuti simba raMwari aigona kutakura zvakanaka chete, chete kuhwina, asi kwete kudyara rufu uye kusuwa. Uyezve, dzimwe nguva vatongi akatanga pachavo chitendero chavo. Izvi akasika pfungwa yokuvimbika, utsvene mutongi muviri. Saka, kuedza tingahufananidza kumhura, mashoko pamusoro Mwari (kana vamwari) uye airangwa zvakanyanya. Somuenzaniso, mashoko rombo rakaipa muurayi aigona kuurayiwa, dzingai, uye zvakafanana. Asi hazvisi zvinhu zvose zvakanga zvakadaro pachaenzaniswa.

Golden keji yomudzvinyiriri

Despotism haisi kutapata. Key akagara yendarama keji, sezvo yave kwakabatanidzwa mitemo yakawanda. Somuenzaniso, hupenyu hwake zvachose yaidzorwa mumuzinda nokuzvibata, magungano uye kufungira. Kazhinji, izvi zvinoitwa zvose kuitira kudzivirira munhu iyeye aiva dzvene. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kunyange akauraya gavhuna aigona nemhaka, maererano nyeredzi, oupenyu hwake panyika rapera. Hazvina zvakafanira kutsanangura nei matare vagara n'anga-muvuki. mutongi Chero aifarira sei kuti maximize n'anga kunowedzera upenyu hwayo. Somugumisiro, ndiwo vazivi venyeredzi vairidza basa "kuchena vafundisi" sezvo zvaitsamira pavo, ndezvokuti, upenyu mutongi Semi-naMwari.

We bata zvinoitwa simba despotic mambo

nzvimbo yake aiva nechokuita ari kuziva mutongi uye mamiriro pacharo. It chete anotora nzvimbo yayo pakati zvimwe zvairayirwa masangano. Asi simba rake haana kudaro risingagumi. Somuenzaniso, mutungamiriri kuzviisa pasi mitemo uye mitemo akaisa pasi adarika. Hongu, mubati yaizobudisa mitemo matsva oupenyu, achivaratidza mitemo uye mitemo, asi panguva imwe chete, mitemo iyi vakava zvimwe zvausingakwanisi.

Zvikurukuru, havafaniri kupikisana kunyatsogona kwenzanga. Muenzaniso wakanaka uyu unogona kuva India. Nepo mubati uye aigona ngaateme chero nezviga, havana chero nzira chokuita kutyorwa kuri vanhu vakaderera ino uye mararamiro evanhu, nyaya dzine chokuita nokutenda. Zvikuru dzinonakidza ndiye mubvunzo ndiani anosarudza, unoenderana mutemo kuda vanamwari kana kutyora nayo. Kunyange Bhabhironi kushandisa mitemo havafaniri nezvinodiwa tsika zviga kwemitemo. Kunyange bumbiro yokutanga mitemo akasikwa sezvo mukuedza kudzivirira chinyakare Zvinorayirwa itsva mananara ari muvanhu inoparadza.

I angatonga yomudzvinyiriri?

Uyezve, simba iri yomudzvinyiriri wacho hakudi zvokutonga kodzero. Aiva default mugoveri dzokururamisira. Aigona kukanganwira mutadzi kana kuti achamuranga chero chikonzero. Dzimwe nguva pane mhando ruramisiro youshe Somuenzaniso, mumiririri dare akadaro aiva Soromoni. Saka, despotism - kazhinji haana chii chinorehwa neshoko vanhu.