History of zvisungo muSoviet Union uye kushandiswa kwazvo zvoupfumi

Nokuti kokutanga USSR zvisungo yakapiwa muna 1922. Hurumende Soviet aifanira kutsvaka mari kudzorerwa bhizimisi uye zvokurima, vakaparadzwa muHondo yeNyika I uye Civil War. Foreign vanoita havana kukurumidza kushandisa, uye mabhanga dzakawanda nokukweretesa. upfumi munyika yaiva ungwandangwanda. Kudiwa mari. Oga aigona kuvapa - vanhu ava.

Api zvisungo zviripo

Bonds USSR hurumende chikwereti inowanika kaviri: ave chikamu uye kukunda zvisamumirira. Musi wokutanga pamberi kubhadhara mubereko pa mwero 3-4% chete annum, ivo vakabata wepagore Misangano mikuru wechipiri. The chisungo ichi nyaya yaiva chinhu chakafanana rotari tikiti. Kubhadhara dzinoitwa chete nezvokudzivirirwa, ane nhamba ndakadzidzawo kuva kuhwina chete.

azere mutsividzo rokuti hurumende chikwereti kune vagari kwemakore 20. Ichokwadi, hapana aidavira kuti hurumende iri dzinenge chinhu kwavari, kupa, uye unozotevera kuderedza uye revaluation kwohumwe usavimba chii chichakurukurwa kuripirwa vanenge mari. Hapana akatora USSR pazvisungo sezvo mari Chishandiso kuwanda uye ndichengetedze guru.

aiva mukuru mutengi Who

Kutenga zvisungo akanga pakutanga kumanikidzwa pamusoro, asi kwainzi chokuzvidira zvepamutemo. Wokutanga vanosungirwa kutenga hurumende zvisungo USSR, vaiva vaduku uye svikiro Entrepreneurs (nepmen), varidzi guru (the mumapurazi akanga asati vakasungwa), vashandi vari mafekitari. The wokutanga kuchengetedzeka rakapa pasi zvirimwa uye zvibereko mumaindasitiri kugadzirwa. Pashure pokudzorerwa mari ino zvisungo kutengeswa nokuda mari.

Paper akatenga nekuti zvakanga fanira (vazhinji havana kana kubvunza, vachangoerekana bvisa mari kubva Mari yauchatambira yako). Vachinzwisisa semumwewo mutero vechibharo. Naizvozvo, vasiri kubhadharwa ari zvisungo USSR muna Russian Federation hapana anoita pasina mhosva mutemo. Unique munhoroondo Russia muedzo kwakaitika muna 2006 pamusoro zvisungo wakabudiswa muna 1982. The mutongo akapiwa pasi neHurumende, zvinonzwisisika. Russia haisi kukwanisa kubhadhara zvose zvikwereti zvakaitwa kubudikidza Soviet Union, kuti dzibate ose kuchengetedzeka.

achine nguva

States kuita chokushandisa ichi hachisi kugara, sezvo vamwe vanoti. Yakanga zvikuru kumanikidzwa nechiyero, pane chido chinopambwa vokuparidzira kamwe zvakare. Naizvozvo hapana zvinoshamisa pakuti mavambo nyaya musi uwirirane inosuruvarisa nguva munhoroondo nyika yedu. Bonds USSR chikwereti akabudiswa mumakore akatevera:

• makore 1922-27. - pashure World Wokutanga Civil War. The kare simba zvoupfumi rakaparadzwa anenge zvachose. kudzorerwa kwaro uye kukura inodiwa mari.
• makore 1927-41. - wakakurumidza maindasitiri. The nyika akavaka makambani anopfuura 1,000 pagore. USSR anova dzakabudirira. Ndakatengesa nechisungo pakutengeswa uyewo kuenda kutenga michina uye patents.
• Kubva 1942 kusvika 1946. - munguva zvinoshingaira chokutambudzika hondo. Kuumba uye kusimbisa nokubudirira vanoda zvikuru muchiuto michina uye zvombo sezvinobvira. Zvisungo akatenga kumusoro se "kupisa makeke". Kuti uwane vanhu nevaNazi vakarega kana mari kana simba. Muna 1942, uwandu kuchengetedzeka vakatengesa vakapfuura chete nokuda 2 mazuva nyaya mabhiriyoni 10 rubles vokutanga.
• makore 1946-57. - pashure pehondo kwakanga kudiwa mari. Hafu nyika angova matongo. Zvinodiwa pedutu mari.
• makore 1957-89. - zvisungo aishandiswa kuwanda zvokushandisa. Capital vagari zvinoshandiswa paumbwe hurumende bhajeti.

Paiva nenguva hurumende akawedzera maturities ane makore mashoma. Kuchengetedzeka depreciated. Pasinei matanho akadaro, nenyonganyonga haana vakatevera. All aiziva kuti mari anoenda zvakanaka munzanga, uye regai kugadzirisa pamusoro pamutemo munhoroondo dzimwe mabhanga.

yacho vaiva kupi

Mari kubva pakutengeswa akaenda vapore uye kukura munyika, kuwedzera upenyu zvavo vomunyika Soviet. Akavaka kambani - paiva mabasa matsva. Kugadzirwa nevatengi nhumbi. Achikura upfumi Soviet. Vanhu vakabhadharwa, ikawanda zvakanaka.

mhedziso

On sei zvakanaka kana taita kugamuchira hurumende nokurega kubhadhara zvakakwana zvikwereti zvayo kune vagari, izvozvo "vtyuhivat" zvisingavaki muviri zvisungo, nyaya achiri nharo. Vamwe vanodavira kuti kwakaipa. Vamwe - kuti hapana akanga asiri, uye yokuisira vose kuchengetedzeka vakapiwa mari yakakwana. Kunyange zvapupu vanoti zvakapesana nguva idzodzo. Asi zvakanga zvisingaiti pasina mari rubatsiro nevanhuwo aizofanira industrialize, nechokwadi kukunda muna Second World War uye haizopereri kuzoita munyika. Mari amutswa kubva pakutengeswa kusungwa vari USSR, dzimba, zvipatara, njanji, mafekitari.

Kana toreva zvakaitwa nehurumende akaruramiswa, mutongi pachako. Asi chero kufungidzira kana rakashandurwa panguva, kuchinja kare hazvinei kuva.