Hove (class): tsananguro. mhuri hove

Nyika iri hove siyana chaizvo, uyewo avo dzinogarisana. Yavanogara munyanza, makungwa, nzizi uye nyanza, anogona kuvapo ari kudziya dzinopisa nzvimbo, uye mumvura inotonhora kweArctic Ocean. Sei vakasiyana nedzimwe mhuka? Mhando hove uye mhuri ikoko chii?

Tinozivei pamusoro hove?

Inenge 70% Nyika akafukidza nemvura, inova imba huru kuti zvinoshamisa venyama izvi. World hove ine 20,000 marudzi. Vane zvakaisvonaka vanoshambira vogara yakachena uye munyu mvura. Kuti tiwane zvokudya, hove vanokwanisa kufamba madaro marefu.

mhuka idzi fema kushandisa gills kuti varipo mavari muzvikamu zvose okukura. vakawanda muviri rehove chinofukidza nechiyero - inofambirana munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva Mahwendefa kuti vave kudzivirirwa. dzavo tembiricha muviri hakusi kugara, asi zvinoenderana zvakatipoteredza.

Pane hove kuti kurarama pedyo mvura pamusoro, vamwe vanogara kumboongororwa kana nechepasi. Swimming imhaka tsandanyama. Vari akakamurwa "nokunonoka", basa chakayerwa rwokufamba vasakukurwa, uye "kutsanya" nokuda pakarepo kuita. The anofambisa vakatakudzwa kubva kuburikidza zvimbi, uye yakadzika kufamba - the dzinoshambira dundira (chete chikamu hove).

Species kusiyana uye kupatsanura

Kana boka vertebrates ane siyana maumbirwo muviri uye dziberekane sezvo hove dzakadai. Vanogona kuva denderedzwa, kumativi, flat, unomonereka (semuenzaniso, mburwa kana moray). Vamwe vavo akafukidzwa spines (hove-urchin), apo vamwe vari kunyimwa kunyange pachikero. Vamwe mhando vanokwanisa zvishoma kukwira miti, chera pasi kana nendege pamusoro pemvura.

Jawed hove vanomiririra boka remhuka dzarwo chordates. classifications dzavo changed kakawanda nokuda kuwanikwa itsva kwemarudzi. Pari, vari rakakamurwa nemakirasi matatu: shwashwa, Ray-finned uye akafukidza. Okupedzisira mbiri chikamu superclass repfupa.

Asi vanogona rakakamurwa subclasses, superorder, mirairo, mhuri, genera uye mhando. hove mhuri dzakawanda. Ivo sangana wandei zvakafanana chimiro, ruvara, nhamba uye ukuru zvimbi pakukurukura. The kupfuura nomukurumbira pakati mutambo hove yacho Sarimoni mhuri, carangidae, muramba, herring uye nevamwe.

akafukidza

Dzepedyo kumadzitateguru avo kare hove idzi. Kirasi akazviratidza anenge mamiriyoni 300 apfuura. Vamiririri Its kutanga vakatamira kure negungwa miviri mvura, izvo vakabatsira dziviriro nani pazvikara uye kuchengetedzwa dzinokosha zvinhu.

Lobe hove vane ano uye zvekare zviri marongerwo. Wide zvimbi vachikubvumira zvinokambaira nechepasi uye kufukidza pfupi kure nedzimwe zvitunha mvura. Special outgrowth mu yegurokuro yavo kuva chiedza, kuitira kuti abate mweya yavo.

Vamiririri dzakakurumbira - latimerievyh mhuri. It hove crossopterygian, izvo kwemakore akawanda vaionekwa yakatotsakatika anenge 60 apfuura. Muna 1938, kubva coelacanth chakabatwa nemhenderekedzo South Africa uye zita rokukudza Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, akawana izvozvo.

actinopterygii

Boka chokuita pfupa hove, rakajairika uye kunosanganisira zvakawanda 93% hove dzose. hukuru zvavo siyana mashoma millimeters anosvika 10-12 mamita. pfupa Vangani, vane dzinoshambira dundira kukonzera hydrostatics, Kufuridzira uye paumbwe mitinhimira. Inobatsira hove ichengetwe zvimwe pakadzika pasina kuishandira, uyewo kufamba kubva pasi kusvikira pamusoro.

nehove ranzi-finned Avilable dzinoratidzwa pasina Chord (the longitudinal akabatana ari marangwanda), mukusiyana kusvika akafukidza. Pane chete mapfupa nomuzongoza. Scales dzimwe nguva ne pfupa kwamahwendefa. Aiwanzopiwa wokushanda zvimbi kumusana kwavo kusvika matatu. Internal nasal mawindo iripo.

Ava hove dzakawanda. Kirasi zvinosanganisira mhuri anopfuura mazana maviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose aizivikanwa zvose knot, Sturgeon, gobies uye whimsical goosefish, triggerfish. Ekupedzisira vane yakanaka mottled kana mitsetse ruvara. Pedyo dorsal zenze spines, vane matatu, rimwe iro anoita somunhu chikungiso, akarikunda vamwe vaviri.

nehove cartilaginous

Kirasi nehove cartilaginous yakasiyana panzvimbo yokutanga nemamiriro marangwanda, iyo Kunoumbwa ane muzvizhinji kuti shwashwa. Ivo kunyimwa ari dzinoshambira dundira, saka yaiitwa mumvura mbiru chaizvo kufamba. Vazhinji hove cartilaginous usatambanudzira mazai asi kupa vana vadzo.

The nemamiriro gills zvakare mhando. Havana kufukidzwa dakashwa butiro, sehove mhou, uye uende panze. Dzimwe mhando chinofema muromo, vamwe vanoshandisa spiracle uye gills. makemikari anoumba dzavo dzakafanana mazino dzevanhu.

Vamiririri Class muri ramps uye terrific shark. Stingrays kunge zvishoma flattened miviri uye makuru pectoral zvimbi, muswe akatambanudza mutete. Mhuka kukura kubva shoma masendimita kusvikira metres nomwe pakureba. Electric mwaranzi vane chaiwo nhengo vanokwanisa achivaratidza pakuyerera kuitika kune volts 250.

Sharks vanoumba pamusoro mhuka 450. hukuru hwavo siyana 15 masendimita 20 mamita. Kudeuka Whale rehove anoonekwa kuti mumiririri. Rinodya plankton uye hakuna ngozi kuvanhu. dzimwe mhando dzakawanda zvomumvura romugungwa, nekusiyana, muri nezvikara. Vazhinji vavo vane rakaisvonaka kunhuhwidza. White rehove, somuenzaniso, anokwanisa kubata kunhuwirira kuderera ropa kwenguva mamita shoma.

hove Fancy

Yakaomesesa mhou nehove zvose zviri hove-mwedzi. Inokura kusvika mamita matatu pakureba. Animal flattened mativi uye yakaita denderedzwa maviri yakabudikira zvimbi. Ruvara nayo shava kana rima pfumbu. Kudeuka chiratidzazvizhinji anoyera 2 zviuru makirogiramu uye nokudaro nepaanogona 4.2 metres kureba.

Seahorse ari hove, kunyange zvishoma kufanana naye. It floats vertically yakaita imwe wechesi chimedu bhiza. Zvinonzi kuonekwa yepedyo vachiwaridza gungwa dhiragoni. Ake translucent zvimbi patakafanana vashoma chirimwa.

Napoleon hove ndohwaJehovha mhuri Gubanov, zvisina maturo. It ane yakakura miromo izere. It vakagamuchira zita raro nokuda kujairika growths pahuma, kufanana Imperial cocked.