Hama samolecular uremu - muviri kwazvo cho mumwe fuma

Zviidzo mamorekuru, kufanana mabhomba guru, zvikuru nezviduku. Naizvozvo, nokuti kuenzanisa avo kukarukureta vachishandisa mabhomba guru chikwata. Hama samolecular uremu remubatanidzwa - ichi panyama nokukura, inova nhamba kurema mukomboni Morekuru kusvikira 1/12 ari inorwara kabhoni maatomu. indekisi Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nguva zhinji kurema yose Morekuru kupfuura 1/12 pakati kurema zvokutanga tudonhwe kabhoni uye, kufanana chero hama ukoshi haana divi uye runotaurwa inomirira Mr.

Mr (remubatanidzwa) = M (Morekuru remubatanidzwa) / 1/12 M (C). Zvisinei, muna tsika, rinoshandisa yakasiyana zano kuti pakuverenga kukosha ichi. Maererano nayo, ari hama samolecular uremu akaenzana zvachose kukosha hama mabhomba makuru (Ar) zvose zvine maatomu akafanana zvakanga vanoumba mukomboni maererano nokuwanda zvepakutanga tudonhwe nechimwe chine maatomu akafanana, i.e. Inogona kunyorwa schematically sezvinotevera:

Mr (B1xC1y) = X * Ar (B1) + Y * Ar (C1).

To nemazvo ona kukosha ichi kuita:

1. ziva makemikari yokuita nefuma;
2. Ar nemazvo kuona tafura D. I. Mendeleeva (saka zvinokosha kana nhamba mushure grade pfungwa akaenzana kana privyshaet 5, ipapo rounding kune pedyo rose chikwata akawedzera: somuenzaniso, Ar (Li) = 6, 941, kuverenga achishandisa integer iyo ndiye 7, uye kana nhamba idukusa 5, zvino nyaya dzakadaro kuti pane: Ar (K) = 39,098, i.e., tora 39).
3. kana pakuverenga Mr musakanganwa kufungawo nhamba maatomu, i.e., Federation amire okunze ari mukomboni.

Hama samolecular uremu, iyo nzira iyo schematically apa zvinoshanda dzakaoma yeimwe. Nokuti kukarukureta pakati zvizhinji ja nyore fuma yakakwana kuona chete hama mabhomba gobvu periodic table uye optionally kane nokuwanda zvokutanga inoramba. Somuenzaniso: Mr (P) = Ar (R) = 31 uye Mr (N ₂₎ = 2 * Ar (N) = 2 * 14 = 18.

Funga mumwe muenzaniso, uye kuziva chii hama samolecular guru remvura - kunzwisisa nyaya. The empirical yokuita nefuma ndiyo H ₂ O, i.e., inoitwa maviri rehydrogen maatomu uye mumwe okisijeni atomu. Naizvozvo, chisarudzo chinyorwa anotarira seizvi:

Mr (H ₂ O) = 2 * Ar (H) + Ar ( O) = 2 * 1 + 16 = 18

Unogona kunyora pfupi, anodonha ari mashoko chaiwo. Nhamba iyi inoratidza kuti zvimwe Mr ka18 pane 1/12 ane chepuraimari PARTICIPLE vakawanda kabhoni. Saizvozvowo tsunga hama samolecular kurema chero kwemakemikari remubatanidzwa pasi mamiriro kuti ayo empirical payakavakirwa unozivikanwa,. Asiwo, achishandisa kukosha ichi, unogona adzorere Qualitative uye quantitative Zvinoumba zvisingazivikanwi zvinhu, kuti asimbise zviri munhu nuclides. In tsika, nokuti kutsunga Mr fuma basa physico-namakemikari unyanzvi, akadai DISTILLATION, vakawanda spectrometry, gasi chromatography , etc. Kuti usarudze indekisi ichi nokuda Polymers vaishandisa nzira pachishandiswa colligative ehupfumi (vakatsunga nhamba kaviri zvisungo, ari kushanda boka, ari viscosity, chiedza vaparadzirwa kugona).

Nokudaro, hama samolecular vakawanda cho mumwe pfuma uye achava munhu kwaari. ukoshi iyi yakatsunga kuti zvose nyore uye kunzwisisa yeimwe, inorganic uye Organic. parameters aro vari kunyanya kukosha kudzidza uye synthesizing Polymers vane ehupfumi achaenderana chinoratidza samolecular uremu.