Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich. Alexander Matrosov's feat

Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich akaberekerwa muEkaterinoslav muna 1924, musi wa5 February. Akafa muna 1943, musi wa27 February. Alexander Matrosov akanga ari mhiri-mhondi, murume weRed Army, nhengo yeKomsomol. Akagamuchira zita reHerodhi yeSoviet Union nokuda kwekuita kwake kusina hanya munguva yehondo. Matrosov's feat yakanga yakazara mumabhuku, magazini, mapepanhau uye mafirimu.

Biography Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich. Childhood

Maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko, akawana dzidzo mumisha yeherera uye nekambani yebasa reUfa. Mushure mekupera kwemakirasi manomwe, akatanga kushanda semubatsiri mudzidzisi munharaunda yekupedzisira. Maererano nerimwe shanduro, Alexander Matrosov ainzi Mukhamedyanov Shakiryan Yunusovich. Zita rake remangwana iye akazvitora panguva yaaiva mwana wemugwagwa (iye akatiza kubva kumba apedza imba itsva yababa vake), ndokubva atinyoresa kuti agamuchirwe kune nherera pasi pake. Kubvira panguva iyo, ainzi Materosov Alexander Matveyevich. Pane imwe shanduro, maererano neiyo amai vemukomana uyu, vachimuponesa kubva panzara pashure pokusiya ari oga asina murume wake, vakapa kuMelekessky nherera, uko akaendeswa kunherera yeIvanovo yeIndaneti. Mapepa emakana ane nherera pamusoro pokugara kwaMatrosov mavari haana kupona.

Chizvarwa chechizvarwa chehuduku

Maererano nechisarudzo ichi, musha wevakafa ainzi Matvey Matrosov akatumirwa kuKazakhstan. Ikoko akanyangarika pasina tsanangudzo. Mwanakomana wake, akasiyiwa nherera, akapinda muimba yerera, asi munguva pfupi akatiza kubva ipapo. Asina musha, Sasha akaenda kuUfa, kwaakanyorerwa muchechi yebasa. Panguva yekugara ikoko akazova muenzaniso wakaisvonaka kune vamwe vadzidzi: aive akabudirira mubhodhi uye skier, bheji ye TRP, nyanzvi yenyenzi, mutongi wezvematongerwo enyika. Pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu, Matrosov akagamuchirwa kupinda muKomsomol. Ipapo akazogadzwa mubatsiri mudzidzisi. Asi mushandi wacho akabatwa nemumwe mudzidzi. Nokuti izvi Sasha akadzingwa kubva kuKomsomol. Apo hondo yakatanga, akashanda pfinekitari.

Chii chinonzi hutsinye hweMu Red Army murume?

Chii chinonzi Matrosov? Muchidimbu, murwi weRobert Army akakurumidza kuenda kumusana, achiva nechokwadi chekufambira mberi kwevapfuri vedu. Zvisinei, kusvikira nhasi, vatsvakurudzi vari kukakavadzana kuti shanduro yakava yakarurama. Munguva yeperestroika, vakatanga kutaura pamusoro pekusakarurama kwepakutanga. Sekukakavadzana, chokwadi chacho chakatorwa kuti, kubva pfuti yakajairika, somuenzaniso, muruoko kubva pfuti, munhu anorasikirwa nemari yake. Shanduko ine simba kubva pfuti yemuchina, munyaya iyi, inofanira kukanda muviri mashoma mashoma. Maererano naKondratiev (munyori-mberi-mutoja wemauto), Alexander Matrosov's feat ndeyekuti akakwira padenga rebhakerari ndokuedza kuisa pfuti-pfumo pasi. Zvisinei, munyori wezvakaitika kare B. Sokolov, uyo anoongorora zviitiko izvo Alexander Matrosov akabata, anotaura naye. Ichokwadi pamusoro pezvakaitwa, izvo zvaakaita, maererano neshanduro yake, ndeyekuti gamba rakaedza kupfura kuverenga mumhepo. VaGermany vaisagona kupisa pamwe chete pamashure edu uye kurwisa murume weRed Army. Saka Alexander Matrosov akaparara. Ichokwadi pamusoro pekushandiswa kweMusungwa weArmed Army, zvichida, hachizobudiriri, asi chiito chake chakaita kuti murwi wedu apinde nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa.

Hondo Inotanga

Vafambisi vechikepe vakaramba vachinyora mubwaro kuti vamutumire mberi. Akadanwa kubasa raakange ari mugore ra1942 uye akatanga kudzidza pachikoro chevasikana pedyo neOrenburg. Zvisinei, kare mugore raitevera, muna 1943, pamwe neshamwari dzekirasi, akaenda kuna Kalinin Front semuzvipiri wekambani inofamba. Kubvira pakupera kwaFebruary, ikozvino mberi, Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich akashanda mu 2 bhettalion yevacheche yevachengeti veStree Independent Volunteer Brigade yainzi after I. Stalin. Akange asingagoni kupedzisa chikoro, sezvo akafira pakutanga kwehondo muhondo pedyo neChernushka. Iyo hero yakavigwa imomo, uye ipapo madota ake akadzorerwa zvakare munzvimbo yeP Pskov, muVelikie Luki. Nokuti chiito chake chemasimba chiMatrosov Alexander Matveyevich chakagoverwa kuHero ye USSR mushure mekunge.

Official version yezviitiko

Mutoja wechipiri, uyo maMatrosov akashumira, akarayirwa kurwisa nzvimbo yakasimba pedyo neguta reChernushki. Asi apo masoja eSoviet akasvika pamucheto wesango, vakapinda pasi pemoto wakasimba kwazvo wevaGermany: mu bunkers, vatatu-mabhuti vakavhara nzira yekumusha. Kuvhara mapepa emoto zvakatumirwa mapoka ekurwisa evanhu 2. Mabhini maviri-mabhuti aipiswa nemapoka evapambi vehondo uye submachine gunners. Asi kubva kune chechitatu chekufambisa kupfugama chakanga chichiri kupfuurira. Zvose zvakaedza kuvhara pfuti yemapurisa hazvina kubudirira. Ipapo iyo-ne-file Alexander Matrosov naPetr Ogurtsov vakatamira kumubhedha. Pamasvondo acho wechipiri akarwisana zvakanyanya. Vafambisi vechikepe vakasarudza kupedzisa kurwisa chete. Achikwira achibva kubva kumucheto kusvika kumakumbo, akakanda mabrendi maviri. Mushonga-gun inomira. Asi mushure mokunge masoja edu atanga kurwisa, moto wakazarurwa zvakare. Zvadaro Matirosov akazosimuka uye, achimhanyira kumubhedha, akavhara kubata nemuviri wake. Nokudaro, pamutengo wehupenyu hwake, murwi weArmed Army akabatsira pakuzadzikiswa kwehondo yekuendeswa kunoparadzaniswa.

Alternative versions

Maererano navamwe vanyori, Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich akaurayiwa kakange ari padenga rebhanker, paakaedza kuikandira nejeri. Zvino, achiwa, akavhara mhepo, iyo inobvisa magasi eupfu. Izvi ndizvo zvakapa pfuti kumasoja edu uye ndokubvumira kuita kupotswa, asi maGermany vakanga vachichenesa muviri waMatrosov. Mune mamwe mabhuku, pane maonero pamusoro pe "zvisingaiti" zviito zveRobert Army mutoja. Zvakaudzwa kuti vaSailers chaizvoizvo vakaenda kune dendere remapurisa, vakaedza kana vasina kupfura muvengi wemuvengi, ipapo zvichida kumudzivisa kuti asafambisa mberi, asi nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero (kugumburwa kana kukuvadzwa) akawira pamusana. Saka, nemuviri wake, nenzira isingazivi akavhara kuongororwa kune veGermany. Bhattalion, kushandisa zvakashata izvi, kunyange zvazvo zviduku, zvakashata, yakakwanisa kuramba ichikanganisa.

Kudzora

Vamwe vanyori vakaedza kutaura pamusoro pechiratidzo chechiito chaMatrosov, achipikisa chiedza chake chekuvhara kusungirirwa kune chimwe chinhu chingazoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzira yekudzivisa vavengi varo kupisa. Semuenzaniso, mumwe wevaimbova vatungamiri vekutonga vanoti muviri wemunhu haugoni kuva chigumbuso chinoshanda kana chinokonzera kuGermany pfuti. Pano pane shanduro pamusoro pekuti Matrosov akaurayiwa nehasha apo akaedza kusimuka kuti akande grenade. Nokuti varwi vakamira shure kwavo, zvaiita sekuti akanga ari kuedza kuvadzivirira kubva kwaari pachake nemichina-gun moto.

Kutsigira kwechiito

Kubatwa kwaAlexander Matrosov muSoviet propaganda kwaiva chiratidzo chemhare yehondo uye ushingi, kuzvitsaurira kwemauto, kuda kwake kusatya kutya nyika yekwake uye kuvenga kusina mubvunzo kwevavengi. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvechikonzero, zuva rechiito chechigamba rakadzoserwa kusvika February 23, zvichienderana neZuva reSoviet Army neNavy. Panguva imwecheteyo muzita rezita rekurasikirwa kusingakanganwiki kwechipiri Infantry Separate Battalion, Alexander Matrosov, akanyora nhamba makumi maviri nemashanu pamwe chete nevamwe vashanu vedunhu reRudhiya nemajaya maviri maduku. Kunyatsotaura, hero yaive yemberi yakasvika mberi pamberi peFebruary 25.

Mhedziso

Pasinei nehuwandu hwehupikisano, zvose mubhuku reMatrosov pachake, uye mune zvinyorwa zvezviito zvake, chiito chake hachizogoni kuva chigamba kubva pane izvi. Mune maguta akawanda emaimbova maSoviet republics, migwagwa nemigwagwa ine zita rechirwi kusvikira nhasi. Masoja mazhinji, uye pamberi paMatrosov, uye shure kwake, akaita zviito zvakadaro. Maererano navamwe vanyori, vanhu vakadaro vairuramisa rufu rusina musoro rwevanhu vari kurwisana. Masoja akamanikidzwa kuenda kunopikisana nemauto emuvengi weputi-gun, izvo zvavasina kunyange kuedza kudzivisa panguva yekugadzirira magetsi. Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich haana kungova gamba reSoviet Union, asiwo gamba renyika reBashkortostan. Yunus Yusupov, mumwe wezvinyorwa zvakanga zviri baba vake, mushure mekufa kwaSasha akazvikudza achifamba-famba mumusha wake, achiti "Shakiryan wake" murume chaiye. Ichokwadi, vamwe vanhu vomunharaunda yavo havana kutenda kwaari, asi kubva mukuzvikudza kwababa ava kumwanakomana wavo hakuna kuderedza. Akatenda kuti Shakiryan anofanira kuva wechipiri, mushure meSaravat Yulaev, Bashkir national hero. Icho chinyorwa chinosimbisa pfungwa dzenhema: hero inowedzera kuva munhu, inoraramazve, inogutsa. Pasinei nokuti aive ani chaizvo - Shakiryan kana Sasha, mwanakomana weBashkir kana wokuRussia, - nguva huru dzehupenyu hwake hadzina chokwadi. Mumagumo ake aiva nemisha yevana, uye chikwata, basa nebasa. Asi kunze kwezvose, paiva nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwake hwekusununguka kwevanhu veSoviet.