How kuona fetus kusapindirana kweropa chikonzero?

Gestation uye kuberekwa kwomwana - munhu inonakidza chaizvo uye zvakakomba muitiro. Kubvira pamuviri, nyanzvi dzoutano (perinatology, gynecologists) kuongorora pasi zviratidzo uye kuongorora zvinhu izvo zvaizobatsira mamiriro utano amai uye kukura kwemwana. Mumwe paakati ndehwevakadai Rhesus chinhu mudumbu.

Chii kusapindirana kweropa chikonzero

Pasi pfungwa iyi inovanza rinokosha mapuroteni anogara pemvura masero matsvuku eropa. Vanhu Most (vanenge 85%), mapuroteni izvi, nei dzinonzi kusapindirana kweropa akanaka. The yasara 15% yevanhu nyika mapuroteni ichi hachisi chipo. Vanhu ava vanonzi kuti kusapindirana kweropa negative. Kuti akaiisa mamwe mashoko, kusawirirana kweropa raamai chinhu - ndeimwe zhinji immunological unhu ropa, rine hazvina zvazvinoita utano hwevanhu.

Kana zvichikosha?

Pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo vanoziva yayo kusapindirana kweropa anopa zvakakodzera. Chekutanga, zvinokosha iri chiitiko mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuwedzerwa ropa. Chechipiri, kugadzirira vavhiyiwa kunosanganisirawo kuziva panyaya iyi. Chechitatu, zvakakosha kuziva kusapindirana kweropa-chishongedzo zvibereko kana kuronga pamuviri uye mwana aberekwa. Panyaya iyi mamiriro ezvinhu kupfuura ngozi ndiyo apo amai pamuviri kusapindirana kweropa akaipa uye kukura mwana ane ropa akanaka. Pano zvine musoro kutaura pamusoro kusapindirana kweropa-kunetsana.

Musimboti wacho "kunetsana"

Ngatimbotii mukadzi ane kusapindirana kweropa negative ropa uye baba ramangwana kusapindirana kweropa-akanaka. The ndingangokuvara Kugadzirwa mukakavadzane iyi vanofungidzirwa sezvo 50 kusvika 50. Zvaringana, saka zvinhu zvinofanira kuva pasi kuzviomesera kuzvidzora nenyanzvi.

Pasi pfungwa iyi mune vabereki ramangwana mwana anogona nhaka baba kusapindirana kweropa zvakanaka. Kuburikidza ari placenta ropa masero eropa mwana wacho tsvuku rupinde muropa ramai, uye achapiwa akadudzira nomuviri sezvo vatorwa, kuti ude wake rokuzvidzivirira kubudisa antibodies kuparadza matsvuku masero ari mwana. In Muzviitiko zvakaipisisa, mwana zvinouraya, saka kuitisa kuongorora pamusoro fetus kusapindirana kweropa chinhu - maipa mbudzana mukana kuzvarwa utano.

symptomatology

Zvaunofanira kuziva kusapindirana kweropa chinokonzera kuti mwana nezveramangwana? zvidzidzo zvose zvakafanira, ramangwana amai kana zvachose kubvisa mukana makakatanwa, uye vamwe achabereka mwana ane utano hwakanaka, kana anoziva pamusoro dambudziko uye kutora matanho ose anodiwa kuti kuzvara mwana ane utano.

Zvisinei, nokuti mukuru munhukadzi muviri zvose kwemasayendisiti chokuita ichi mhando kurwisana, musatakura chero ngozi kana ngozi uye havana zviratidzo. Asi kuti mwana, izvi kungava nengozi.

Zvinotyisa nezviratidzo matambudziko pamwe kusapindirana kweropa-chishongedzo runoita kuona Ultrasound ari mudumbu. Kuchava kuoneka, uye mvura buildup munzvimbo paisingafaniri kuva, uye kuzvimba, uye vanonyepera mwana, zvisingagone kunzi chaivo (Buddha mamiriro).

Kuunganidza guru zvemaBhaibheri Urume kunowedzera padumbu mwana, kumumanikidza wokuparadza makumbo kurutivi. Kana ultrasonography dzakakwirira mukana achava kuoneka kaviri musoro redunhu mucheche, zvichiratidza kuvapo edema. Kwete placental Kukura OK uye dhayamita zviri tsinga iri achiine rukuvhute tambo.

zviratidzo zvose izvi zvinoratidza kukura kunetsana pakati amai mwana uye vanofanira kuva chinokurudzira kuwana Rhesus chavanopinda dzichiri kubudirira mwana ari mudumbu.

Pakusarudza kusapindirana kweropa chinoita rwaamai ropa wemwana

Modern zvokurapa midziyo runoita kuti azive Rhesus chinhu mudumbu ari trimester pamuviri wokutanga, kutanga pana kwevhiki 10.

Musimboti nzira iri sezvinotevera. In amai ramangwana akaita fence venous ropa. It anomira kubva DNA iri kusimukira mwana ari mudumbu. Uyezve, DNA iri kuongororwa kuti kuvapo mairi RhD Gene (kusapindirana kweropa). Kana muitiro kutsvakurudza zvipenga kusapindirana kweropa chinhu zvinowanikwa, tinogona kufunga kuti rinotevera munhu kusapindirana kweropa akanaka. Kana Zvidimbu akadaro DNA mwana asipo - zvinoreva mwana ane kusapindirana kweropa negative ani.

Yakabudiswa nenguva kutsunga fetus rhesus anobvumira nguva kutanga matanho, anosandudzira kwaita kusapindirana kweropa-kupesana musi gare gare uye, sezvo zvakaguma kurerutsa kukuvadza utano hwomwana.

nzira iyi kuonekwa non-invasive uye asingabvumi chero kutyisidzira upenyu uye utano amai mwana. Zvisinei, kusvikira ichangopfuura, kuziva kusapindirana kweropa chinokonzera ari mudumbu zvinogona chete kuburikidza kudzidza placenta villi kana ropa wakatorwa kubva mwana ari utero. Mhando idzi maitirwo (amniocentesis, cordocentesis) anonzi invasive uye chete ezvinhu muchinyatsongwarira zvokurapa kunogona kukonzera kugadzwa kwavo.

amniocentesis

Kana zvinovawo zvakakodzera kuti vazive mamiriro mwana sezvo pane mubvunzo zvakarurama, sei kuona fetus kusapindirana kweropa chinhu, nyanzvi vanogona amniocentesis, inova ponji pakati membranes nechinangwa achitora Líquido mvura yokutsvakurudza pamusoro zviri bilirubin mavari. Nhamba iyi zvakarurama kuratidza mamiriro mwana.

Zvisinei, vakadzi vanofanira kuziva kuti nzira iyi zvikuru ngozi. Pane nguva dzose mukana chirwere ari Líquido amniótico. Uyewo zvinogoneka leakage kuti mvura kunze membranes, panowanikwa ropa. Kutsunga of Rhesus chinhu mudumbu ne amniocentesis kunogona kukonzera placental abruption mangwanani.

The nzira inogona kupiwa muzviitiko apo antibodies kuna kusapindirana kweropa chinhu vatovapo ari raamai ropa uye zviri zvavo (titer) ndiyo 1:16 uye mukadzi uyu anotova mwana hemolytic chirwere pamusoro achangoberekwa (HDN) kwazvo chimiro.

cordocentesis

Ndinoziva sei kuti kusawirirana kweropa raamai chinokonzera ari mudumbu uchishandisa unyanzvi ichi? Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti wakaita ponji, ivhu ropa rinoitwa kuita tsvakurudzo ari achiine rukuvhute tambo. Nokushandiswa nzira iyi bilirubin pamwero iri zvakarurama kupfuura amniocentesis. Ropa mwana ari vaberekawo vachishandisa nzira iyi.

Cordocentesis zvakare zvikuru ngozi uye zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko zvose zvakafanana nokuti amniocentesis. Mukuwedzera, paumbwe hematoma ari achiine rukuvhute tambo, izvo zvinogona zvino kukanganisa chakaipa kupanana zvinhu pakati amai mwana.

Pakusarudza fetus rhesus chinhu pamwe kushandiswa cordocentesis kazhinji basa kana zviri antibodies iri maererano 1:32, kuvapo vana kutambura kubva makakatanwa-mhando nomusoro kana vakafa kubva pamigumisiro kusapindirana kweropa kunetsana.

Zvinoita kurapa rhesus kunetsana vakadzi vane pamuviri

Treatment Chokwadi, zvinobvira. Zvisinei, nzira inonyatsobudirira, achipa inonyatsobudirira mugumisiro uri mwana ropa. Nzira pakati Nyanzvi anonzi ngozi chaizvo, asi yekudyidzana anovandudza mamiriro murume nezveramangwana, uye rurefu mwero mukana runoita kudzivisa rokusamhanyira pakusununguka.

Kare makanga dzimwe dzakakurumbira nzira kurapwa, izvo zvisinei haana kupa yakajeka kuchirapa kushanda uye vaiona duku kana zvachose isashande. Nzira dzakadaro dzinosanganisira ganda grafts kubva mai ramangwana murume wake, plasmapheresis, etc.

Chero zvazvingava, kana kusapindirana kweropa chinokonzera ari mudumbu uye amai runoita kuti chirwere pakati Rhesus-kurwisana, zvikuru musoro chokuti kubudirira kuvakwa pamuviri uye kuberekwa kwomwana yakanaka iri kuwana pasi pokudzora nyanzvi yokurapa, uye nokuzadziswa zvose zvavanokuudza uye mabasa.

Rhesus-kunetsana uye pakusununguka

Kana mubvunzo kuziva kuti fetus kusapindirana kweropa chinhu, vakatsunga, uye pane kusawirirana yakatarwa, zvinokosha kana pamuviri ndiyo nguva chinhu muviri ramai. Nyanzvi dzinoti nokukurumidza izvi zvaitika, chikuru matambudziko uye matambudziko akazvitakura kuchaita mberi.

Chikonzero ichi ndechokuti migumisiro kusapindirana kweropa-kunetsana rinoungana pamusoro nguva. Saka, muna vakawanda zviitiko, pamuviri, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kupedza vakaronga preterm pakuberekwa.

Doctors zvinoreva zvose zvinowanikwa vachiongorora mamiriro mwana uye nokuda mashoko akapiwa vasarudze kana kuenderera pamuviri kana mwana kuzvarwa zvishoma njodzi mberi nguva kunokosha. Natural kusununguka mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvinobvira chete chiitiko kuti mwana ari inogutsa ezvinhu uye hakuna mumwe matambudziko. In muitiro dzichiri basa vanachiremba vachiongorora maitiro chinokosha mamiriro mwana uye kana paine zvinhu kuti omesa mwana, kusarudza kuchengeta cesarean chikamu. Nokuti ichi kunyanya dambudziko nezvechisarudzo ichi anonzi kupfuura munyoro pakukurukura.