HTTPS-certificate: mazano ekugamuchira

Kana iwe uchiunganidza chero ruzivo rwekukosha pane webhusaiti yako (kusanganisira email ne password), iwe unoda kuchengetedzwa. Imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzekuzvidzivirira ndeyekubvumira chechi cheHTTPS, chinonziwo SSL (Secure Socket Layer), kuitira kuti ruzivo rose ruchauya uye kubva kune seva yako rwuri nyore kuvharwa. HTTPS chirevetsiti chinodzivirira vanonyangadza kubva pakuvhara ruzivo rwakavanzika rwevashandisi vako pavanenge vachiichengeta paInternet. Vachazonzwa vakachengeteka pavanoona chiremba cheHTTPS pavanosvika panzvimbo yako, vachiziva kuti rakachengetedzwa nehuteteti.

Makomborero echiremba cheHTTPS

Chinhu chakanakisisa mune cheS SSL chiiti, kufanana neHTTPS, ndechokuti zviri nyore kugadzirisa, uye kana zvaitika, unotumira vanhu kuti vashandise chiremba cheHTTPS panzvimbo yeHTTP. Kana iwe uchiedza kuwana nzvimbo yako nekuisa https: // pamberi pe URL yako ikozvino, uchagamuchira mhosho yemashoko pamusoro pekukanganisa kweHTTPS yechikwata. Izvi ndechokuti iwe hauna kuisa chechi SSL HTTPS. Asi usanetseka - isu tichamira iye zvino!

Vashanyi vako vachanzwa vakachengeteka panzvimbo yako yepaiti pavanoona cheti cheHTTPS pavanosvika pawebsite yako - vachiziva kuti inodzivirirwa nehuteteti.

Chii chinonzi HTTPS?

HTTP kana HTTPS inoratidzwa pakutanga kwe URL imwe yewebsite mune web browser. HTTP ndiyo protocol yekutumira hypertext, uye S yeHTTPS yakachengeteka. Pasi pose, izvi zvinotsanangura purogiramu iyo data inotumirwa pakati pe browser yako newebsite yeuri kuona.

Hiti yeHTTPS inovimbisa kuti kutaurirana kwose pakati pe browser yako uye webhusaiti iwe wauri kutarisa yakavharwa. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti yakachengeteka. Kutambira uye kutumira makombiyuta chete kunogona kuona ruzivo paunenge uchitumira data (vamwe vanogona kuchiwana, asi havakwanisi kuiverenga). Panzvimbo dzakachengeteka, webhusaiti yebhundaneti inoratidza chiratidzo chevha mu URL yekukuzivisa.

HTTPS inofanira kuva pane webhusaiti yega yega inounganidza mapepa, mapepa, ruzivo rwezvechiremba kana mamwe mashoko ane ruzivo. Asi zvakadini kana iwe ukwanisa kuwana rusununguko rweS SSL rwechikoro chako?

Ko kuchengetedzwa kwewebsite kunoshanda sei?

Kuita kuti hutete reHTTPS chidzivirire, unofanirwa kuisa SSL (Yakachengeteka Chete Chete). Iine kiyi yevanhu, iyo inofanirwa kutanga kwekuchengetedza kwechikamu. Kana uine hutano hweHTTPS newebhishopu rekukumbira, nzvimbo yacho inotumira SSL certificate kune browser yako. Zvadaro vanotanga "SSL handshake", iyo inosanganisira "chakavanzika" kuparadzana kwekugadzira kuvharika kwakachengeteka pakati pe browser yako newebsite.

Standard uye Advanced SSL

Kana iyo shandisi inoshandisa mutemo we SSL, iwe uchaona chiratidzo chekuvha mune browser browser nzvimbo. Kana ukashandisa Yakagadziriswa Validation Certificate (EV), bharani rekero kana URL ichave yakasvibirira. EV SSL mitemo yakakwirira kune SSL mitemo. EV SSL inopa huzivi hwemuzinda weimba. Kuwana yeEV SSL chiyeuchidzo kunodawo vashandi kuti vashandise nzira yekuongororwa yakajeka kuti vatsigire kuvimbika kwavo nehuwandu hwavo.

Ko kana ndikashandisa HTTPS pasina cheti?

Kunyange kana webhusaiti yako isingagamuchiri kana kutumira dambudziko rakanyanya, kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana nei iwe ungada kuva newebsite yakachengeteka uye kushandisa rusununguko uye rwechokwadi SSL chiiti cheimba yako.

Mumiririri. SSL inogona kuvandudza nguva inotora kutakura peji.

Tsvaga injini optimization (SEO). Chinangwa cheGoogle ndechokuita Indaneti yakachengeteka uye yakachengeteka kune munhu wose, kwete kune avo vanoshandisa Google Chrome, Gmail neD Drive, semuenzaniso. Iyo kambani yakati kuchengetedza ichava chinhu chinokonzera kuti vanofananidza sei masayiti mumigumisiro yekutsvaga. Kunyange izvi zvisingakwani. Zvisinei, kana iwe une nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye makwikwi ako haaiti, nzvimbo yako inogona kuwana nzvimbo yakakwirira, iyo inogona kudiwa kuwedzerwa kufanirwa kwayo kubva papeji yezvitsvakurudzo.

Kana nzvimbo yako isiri yakachengeteka uye inounganidza mapepa emaji kana makadhi emakadhi, zvino vashandisi veChris 56 (yakabudiswa munaJanuary 2017) vachaona nyevero kuti nzvimbo yacho haina ngozi. Vashanyi vasingazivi ruzivo rwekombiki (vakawanda vanoshandisa webhusaiti) vanogona kuvhunduka pavanoona "HTTPS chikwata chechikanganiso" yewindo ndokusiya nzvimbo yako, nokuti vanonzwisisa zvarinoreva. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana nzvimbo yako yakachengetedzwa, inogona kuita kuti vashanyi vakawanda vanyarare, izvo zvichawedzera mikana yokuti vachazadza fomu yekunyora kana kusiya mhinduro panzvimbo yako. Google ine chirongwa chekugara kwenguva yakareba kuratidzira nzvimbo dzose dzeHTTP sezvisina ngozi mu Chrome.

Ndekupi kwandingawana chikwangwani cheHTTPS chepachena?

Iwe unogamuchira cheti yeSSSL kubva kune chiremera chekudzidzisa. Zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinoshanda kwemazuva 90, asi kuwedzerwa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu kunorudzirwa. Zvimwe zvingavimba zvakasununguka zvinobva:

• Cloudflare: kusununguka kwemasimiti ega uye mabloggi.
• FreeSSL: rusununguko kune masangano asiri ekubatsira uye kutanga-ups panguva ino; Haikwanise kuva Symantec, Thawte, GeoTrust, kana RapidSSL mutengi.
• StartSSL: Zvikwangwani zvinoshanda kwemakore 1 kusvika ku3.
• GoDaddy: zvikwangwani zvepurojekiti yakasununguka inoshanda kwegore rimwe.

Icho chikwata chinyorwa uye nguva yayo yakakodzera inobva pane zvinobva. Zvizhinji zviremera zvinopa maZitikiti ese eSyL ehurukuro uye mari yezvivigiti zveEV SSL kana vakavapa. Cloudflare inopa zvirongwa zvakasununguka uye zvakabhadharwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvingasarudzwa.

Chii chandinofanira kufunga pamusoro pandinopiwa chechi cheSSSL?

Pano Google inokurudzira chiiti nechikwangwani che2048-bit. Kana uine kakero 1024-bit chikwata chine simba, inokurudzira kuigadzirisa.

Iwe uchada kusarudza kana iwe uchida imwe, mazita emadunhu akawanda kana chikwata cheboka:

1. Chimwe chidzidzo chichashandiswa pane imwe nzvimbo (somuenzaniso, www.example.com).
2. A certificate-multi-domain certificate inoshandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakanyanya kuzivikanwa (semuenzaniso, www.example.com, cdn.example.com, muenzaniso.co.uk).
3. Chikwangwani chescard chichashandiswa panzvimbo yakachengeteka nevakawanda vemu subdomains (semuenzaniso, a.example.com, b.example.com).

Ndingaisa sei s certificate yeS SSL?

Kubasa kwako kwebhundaneti kunogona kuisa chiziviso chesununguko kana chekubhadhara. Vamwe vanogona kuve nechisarudzo chekuisa Regai Tinyora mubhuku ravo rega reCanel, rinoita kuti basa rive nyore. Bvunza wako wekugashira ikozvino kana kuwana imwe inopa rubatsiro rwakananga Regai Tinyora. Kana munhu wacho asingakwanisi kupa basa iri, kambani yako yekuchengetedza webhusaiti kana nyanzvi inogona kuisa chiziviso chako. Iwe unofanirwa kuva wakagadzirira nekuda kwekuti iwe uchafanira kugadzirisa chiziviso chacho kakawanda. Tarisa nguva yakatarwa ine chiremba.

Chii chimwezve chinofanira kuitwa?

Mushure mekugamuchira uye kuisa chechi SSL, unofanira kumanikidzira SSL panzvimbo ino. Zvakare, unogona kukumbira iwe web host yako, kambani yebasa kana kuti nyanzvi yekuita ichi chiito. Zvisinei, kana iwe uchida kuita izvi iwe pachako, uye nzvimbo yako inoshandisa WordPress, unogona kuita izvi nekukanda, kuisa, nekushandisa purogivha. Nechisarudzo chekupedzisira, iva nechokwadi chekutarisana kushandiswa neshoko rako re WordPress.

Zvinyorwa zviviri zvakakurumbira plug-ins zvekumanikidzirwa kushandiswa kwe SSL: nyore SSLWP, yakamanikidzwa SSLSSL plug-in. Iva nechokwadi chekusimudza shanduro yako uye nyatsoteerera paunoita izvi. Kana iwe uchikanganisa chimwe chinhu, izvi zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa: vashanyi havazokwanisi kuona nzvimbo yako, mifananidzo haigoni kuratidzwa, zvinyorwa hazvisi kuzoteerera, izvo zvingakanganisa kuti zvimwe zvinhu zviri pawebsite yako zvinoshanda sei, somuenzaniso, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye mavara hazvisi kuratidzwa zvakanaka Nzira.

Iwe unoda kudzorerazve vashandisi uye kutsvaga injini kumapepanhau eHTTPS uchishandisa 301 redirects mu .htaccess file mumudziyo wetsiva pane seva. Iko .htaccess faira isiri kuonekwa, saka iva nechokwadi chokuti chirongwa chako che FTP chinogadzirirwa kuratidza mafaira akavanzwa. Mune FileZilla, somuenzaniso, enda kuServer> Force Hidden Files. FileZillaBefore, musati mawedzera kujekesa, zvingava zvakanaka kugadzira kopi yekuchengetedza ye .htaccess file. Pane sevha, inodzokorora faira, kwekusiya nguva (iyo inoita kuti isingaoneki kune yekutanga), teererai faira (iyo zvino yava kuonekwa pamakombiyuta yako semugumisiro wokubvisa nguva), uye wobva wawedzera nguva yakadzokera kune iyo pane sevha.

Rongedza zvirongwa zveGoogle Analytics

Mushure mokunge mazadza matanho aya, unofanirwa kuchinja URL yakasarudzwa mubhuku reGoogle Analytics kuti uratidze HTTPS shanduro yedunhu rako. Kana zvisina kudaro, nhamba dzemotokari yako dzichadziviswa, nokuti shanduro yeHTTP URL inonzwisiswa senzvimbo yakasiyana zvachose kubva kuhuwandu hwechikoro cheHTTPS. IGoogle Search Console inobata HTTP neHTTPS semadzinza akasiyana, saka wedzerai mazita echirongwa cheHTTPS kwairi. Yeuka, paunoshandura kubva paHTTP kusvika kuHTTPS chikwata, kana pane zvikwangwani zvekuwana zvakanakira pawebsite yako, iyo reta ichadzorerwa zvakare.