Humanistic Dzidziso unhu: mumwe munhu ane maonero kutanga

Up kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi20, izvozvo vakatonga vanditendisa pachena kuti vanhu - Pakutanga chinorura, chisikwa zvakaipa, uye chete zvimwewo zvikonzero (semuenzaniso, dzidzo) rambidza ake zvaisazogona mhuka.

Zvisinei, vazivi uye vanachiremba vaifanira kufunga patsva pfungwa idzi mushure nehondo mbiri, panguva iyo munhu akaratidza kwete sechisikwa zvakabvaruka zvaisazogona. Zviitiko yakawanda heroism, chibayiro pfungwa zita renyika, munhu kwakatungamirira kuti akatanga humanistic dzidziso unhu. creators Its tenda Abraham Maslow uyo postulated ane pakutanga zvakanaka, munhu womudzimu, tinozvarwa zvomudzimu. Ndiyo kwokunze kunaka zvinoita kuti pave kurwisa zvinodiwa izvi.

Self-actualization

Huru rokuti, iro anoshanda ari humanistic dzidziso unhu, ndiyo pfungwa dzokuzvikoshesa actualization. Pachena mubishi zvokunamata uye pachake kusimudzira zvavo tsika kwaniso, actualized munhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anoona ake chokuziva zvinodiwa vakwidziridzwe pachavo kubva joko akaipa externalities, uye anoedza kunovachingamidza. Izvi kuvandudza nzira yake "Ini" inonzi nokuzvidzora actualization. Humanistic Dzidziso unhu kukura anotenda kuti munhu anogara kuvavarira kuti kuzvidzora vasinganyatsooni zvavo chokuziva zvavanoda, uye izvi hazvisi yokupedzisira (nokuti pane nguva dzose chinhu kuti kuedza). Naizvozvo, unhu inongogara kuvavarira kuti kufambira mberi uye haagoni refu nhema wakaderera.

Dzidziso Erich Fromm

Vakawanda avhiringidzika kunzwa kuti munhu anoonekwa somunhu ari akanaka pakutanga. Where anoita zvikuru utsinye, hasha, mhosva? Humanistic unhu inoti kunyange zvikuru mhirizhonga vanhu vari prerequisites kuti kuzvidzora kukura, chete kudiwa kuti nemutemo kunaka evanhu. Mumwe munhu anogona kutanga kushandisa zvinodiwa izvi chero padanho upenyu hwavo. Panyaya iyi, hatigoni kutaura zita yakakurumbira psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, uyo akaona ari murume nechido kushanda uye rudo. Humanistic Dzidziso unhu Erich Fromm anokwirira vanoverengeka yakakwirira tsika zvinodiwa, izvo zvinowanikwa kuti munhu:

• vanofanira kutarisira mumwe munhu (kutaurirana nevamwe);
• kudikanwa kuumba (STRUCTURAL);
• kuda kuchengeteka, kutsiga (kudiwa kutsigirwa);
• kudiwa kuziva zvayo yokusiyana;
• kudiwa imwe tsananguro kutenda hurongwa;
• kudiwa zvinoreva upenyu (inofanira kuva chinhu).

Fromm aidavira kuti kumanikidzwa nechitarisiko zvinhu drowns zvinodiwa izvi, zvichiguma munhu haadi wekushaiwa. kupokana Iri simba woga kusawirirana. Fromm advance humanistic unhu dzidziso inoratidza sei murume vachirwa maviri pakatarisana chido: kuchengetedza zivikanwo yavo musaramba kubva munzanga, vanhu. Pano rubatsiro munhu anouya rationalization apo achaita chisarudzo - kuteerera mitemo nzanga uye zvava kunzi nezvavanoda.