Hurumende Afghan, enyika uye bato mutungamiri Hafizullah Amin: Biography, inobudisa zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Hafizullah Amin - chimwe chezvinhu dzichipesana mukufambisira munhoroondo Afghanistan. Vazhinji vanodavira ndicho chikuru muparanzvongo yacho cheni yehondo munyika, iyo yakatanga muna 1979 uye kuramba nhasi, vamwewo vanofunga kuti zviri - anosarudzirwa wezvakashata. Saka akanga Hafizullah Amin? Biography of Prime Minister of Afghanistan uye achava nenyaya yedu yokudzidza.

Birth uye mangwanani makore

Hafizullah Amin akaberekwa muna August 1929 mudunhu Paghman, pedyo Kabul, Afghanistan, muumambo. baba vake aiva mukuru mumwe nyika majeri. Iye akabva kurudzi Pashtun-Ghilzais mhando Haruta.

Ndapedza chikoro, Hafizullah Amin ndanyoresa ari mudzidzisi kudzidzisa kukoreji. Ndapedza kudzidziswa ikoko, haana kurega. Amin akabudirira kudzidza Kabul University uye akagamuchira ake tsvimborume kuti dhigirii wefizikisi.

Zvadaro akatanga kudzidzisa chesekondari guru racho, apo munhu akaronga kwira upward. Amin tichishandisa vakakurumidza akafamba munzira kubva nyore kumutungamiriri mudzidzisi.

Kuti vawedzere pamwero wavo zvinodiwa, Amin akaramba zvidzidzo ake muUnited States, Columbia. Akaenda ikoko mukutanga thirties.

Yokutanga Matanho enyika

Pandaidzidza kuyunivhesiti, Hafizullah Amin yakaratidza panzvimbo yakakwirira azvipire ruzivo, akatungamirirwa neMweya Afghan Fraternity, uyewo kekutanga Aingoziva Marxist pfungwa. A ikakuruma Kwapera akava nhengo "kirabhu of Progressive Socialist." Kunyange zvazvo, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi Soviet, chaiyo panguva yaakanga basa ne deginamajai.

Muna 1965, akagamuchira dhigirii tenzi uye akadzokera Afghanistan, Hafizullah Amin anotanga vachishingaira kuita paruzhinji mabasa. Iye anodzidzisa paYunivhesiti Kabul. Kunyange zvazvo zvakawana mukurumbira somunhu Pashtun nationalist, muna 1966, Amin anova nhengo Marxist bapiro vachitungamirirwa mutungamiri on Muhammad Taraki - vanhu Democratic Party pamusoro Afghanistan, akavamba gore asati.

Muna 1967, bato chaizvoizvo zvikwata zviviri - "Khalq", uyo Mutungamiri Taraki uye "Parcham", inotungamirwa Babrak Karmal. Bato "Khalq" waibva zvikurukuru pamusoro dzemadzinza Pashtun vagari vemisha, mukuru constituency "Parcham" raiva multi-dzinza dzomumaguta vemo. Uyezve, vatsigiri "Khalq" zvakasiyana maonero okunyanyisa. Iri chikamu chiduku ichi uye akawana Amin. Zvisinei, kare muna 1968, pane musangano webato "Khalq", ayo mamiriro akanga downgraded kuti mamiriro kukwikwidza nhengo of PDPA. Pamutemo, danho iri basa nationalist maonero isimbiswe ne Amin.

Asi kare muna 1969, Amin, pamwe nedzimwe nhengo dzakawanda PDPA, akatora mugove musarudzo dzeparamende. Uyezve, akanga ari oga mumiririri zvikwata zviviri, icho zvisinei akasarudzwa kuti yepazasi imba yeparamende.

The echimurenga zviitiko

Muna July 1973, chiitiko raparurwa iri mashandiro ose kukuru transformations munyika, akadurura pakupedzisira kuti hondo yevagari kuramba tichishanda. Just ipapo paiva sapakuparadzwa ndigere kushanya Italy Mambo Mohammed Zahir Shah, aitonga kubva 1933, yake uye vaimbova Prime Minister of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud, kufanorongwa zvemauto akabvuta chigaro. Daoud chakagumisa umambo uye chaizvoizvo yakasimbiswa pachake udzvinyiriri, kunyange pamutemo akatora hofisi semutungamiri. Vatungamiri vakatsigira PDPA kubvuta masimba. Vasina rutsigiro paupamhi pakati negurumwandira chavagari, Dowd akamanikidzwa kutsvaka rutsigiro kubva batch mangé. Zvikurukuru, akaita shamwari ne "Parcham" bapiro.

Asi nokukurumidza ukama pakati Dawud uye PDPA razladilis semutungamiri akarambidza ose ezvematongerwe enyika kunze kwake - kuti Party pamusoro National Revolution. Zvichakadaro, muna 1977, pasi Mediation Soviet Union mapapiro maviri PDPA vakanga vakabatana mu rimwe bato zvakare, kunyange zvazvo fractional inonatsa haina chose zvabviswa. Munyori Mukuru akasarudzwa Taraki uye Amin akaenda Central Committee of Party. Zvadaro kwakasarudzwa kugadzirira pakaparadzwa President Daoud.

In April 1978 Saur Revolution kwakaitika, zvakazoita Mohammed Daoud Akabviswa uye akaurayiwa nokukurumidza, uye kutungamirira nyika ine pakutsigira zvehondo akabatwa webato PDPA. Pamutemo, nyika kunzi Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The musoro wehurumende inova Taraki, izvo inoremekedzwa soro nzvimbo - sachigaro Revolutionary Council uye Prime Minister munyika. Mutevedzeri sachigaro Revolutionary Council anova mumwe nhengo webato "Parcham" - Babrak Karmal. Amin akagamuchira pambiru Deputy Prime Minister uye gurukota Affairs Foreign. Muna March 1979, Taraki, vasara musoro wehurumende sezvo sachigaro Revolutionary Council, resigns Prime Minister uye transmits navo Hafizullah Amin.

Simuka nesimba

Asi pakarepo achangopera kuipandukira vakauya simba, kurwisana rotanga pakati akasiyana navo. Vakatanga udzvanyiriri kuzorwa kushorwa uye vaya mapoka mubato vasina kuudza vakawanda mutsetse. Kunyanya, "Parcham" bato nhengo chakaomesesa rova. Asi kunyange mukati bato "Khalq" kwete zvose akaenda zvakanaka. Chokutanga yakatanga pachake ruvengo pakati Taraki uye Amin, rakanga neshungu nokuda pachavo vavariro yokupedzisira. Pakupedzisira, pashure pokunge shootout pakati vachengetedzi enyika muna September 1979, Amin, sezvo yaJuly iroro, mupomerwi gurukota, akarayira muchiuto kudzora pfungwa hurumende zvivako.

At inoshamisa plenum of Party Taraki iye akapomerwa aedza kupondwa Amina, ari usurpation simba uye kugadzwa kuva kunamatwa unhu. Pashure chivimbo chake, aichimbova musoro Afghanistan adzipwa varayirwa Amin. kuvanda Kubva kekutanga vanhu chii kuitika, achiti kuti Taraki vakafa chirwere.

Pashure kubviswa Taraki, kubva September 16, 1979, Amin akava General Munyori PDPA uye sachigaro Revolutionary Council, panguva imwe chete, sapakutanga, chinoramba wehurumende uye kudzivirira mushumiri.

rufu

Kamwe nesimba, Amin kwete chete vakashaisa udzvanyiriri, asi kunyange akavasimbisa, inopfuura yapfuura vatungamiriri venyika. Nenzira iyi makaparadzaniswa kwete chete nenhengo "Parcham" woruchiva, asi nhengo nevazhinji bapiro "Khalq". Achiona kuti akanga kurasikirwa nokudzora levers, kureva Amin kutanga zvinganaka pfungwa nokuunza Soviet Union mauto kudzikamisa zvinhu munyika.

Asi hurumende yeSoviet vakasarudza kutsigira kwete Amina, nekuti ndinofunga wokusavimbika, uye mutungamiriri webato "Parcham" Babrak Karmal, uyo aiva mumiriri weKGB. Somugumisiro kushanda inoitiswa kuchengeteka ehondo USSR, December 27, 1979 Hafizullah Amin akanga panyama kuparadzwa kwake mumuzinda

mhuri

Hafizullah Amin aiva mukadzi, mwanakomana uye mwanasikana. Chii chakaitika nemhuri Afghan womutungamiri, pashure Akaurayiwa Hafizullah Amin? Vana vaiva baba vake panguva storming yamambo. Mwanakomana akaurayiwa, uye vakuvadzwa mumwe wevanasikana wake. On njodzi vakapukunyuka vatapi vomumhuri Amin haizivikanwi.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

pashure pakarepo norufu mutungamiri Afghanistan wacho zvikuru vaidavira kuti Hafizullah Amin - mutengesi, akanga basa ne deginamajai. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita kuwana zvakananga uchapupu kubatana pamwe US nenjere masangano Amin.

Pasinei nevakawanda kuti mauto eSoviet akapinda Afghanistan akataura Karmal Chokwadi urongwa ichi chakaitwa Amin pachake.

unhu kupima

Tadzidza rondedzero upenyu aakararama Hafizullah Amin. Biography Afghan Mutungamiri inoratidza kuti akanga nani zvakawanda unhu. In ake unhu uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika pamwe careerism, vanoda kumisa gutsaruzhinji munyika pamwe chete utongi nzira enyika kusiyana Amin racho uye enyika vadyidzani.

Zvisinei Amin mhosva vari pamwe deginamajai kana zvimwe chaiwo mabasa yokumwe havasi parizvino kukupiwa.