Ichikutadzisa zvinhu fluidity. How kuona zvibereko kushushikana

Goho nguva inonzi voltage chaienzanirana kukosha residual elongation pashure kubviswa mutoro. Kutsunga izvi uwandu zvinokosha kusarudza simbi inoshandiswa kugadzirwa. Kana asina kufungwa kuti vaiona parameter, izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvakawanda kukura mune nedanho deformation ane zvinhu yasarudzwa zvakanaka. Zvakakosha kufungawo zvibereko pfungwa pakuvaka siyana simbi zvivako.

tsananguro chaiko

goho nemiganhu ndivo zviratidzi simba. Vane macroplastic deformation pamwe nekaupenyu yakaderera nokuomesa. Panyama, parameter ichi inogona achimiririrwa hunhu acho, zvinoti, munhu voltage iyo unoenderana kukosha wapanyasi zvibereko rwenze ari chati (dhayagiramu) zvinhu ndichisveerera. Zvakafanana zvinogona achimiririrwa Formula: σ _T = P _T / F _0, apo P _T ndiyo zvibereko pfungwa mutoro, uye F _{0 ndiye} kutanga muchinjikwa-sectional nzvimbo zvakaipa mharidzo. PT anogadza vanonzi muganhu pakati kwakavharwa nenyama-epurasitiki deformation munyika dzine uye kwakavharwa nenyama zvinhu. Kunyange zvishomanana kuwedzera voltage (pamusoro apa FET) achaita kuchikosha deformation. Zvaunogona simbi kuyerera inowanzopiwa akayera mu makirogiramu / mm ² kana N / m ^2. Kwakakura parameter ichi zvinokonzerwa siyana zvinhu zvakadai chafariz kurapwa, mharidzo ukobvu, kuvapo alloying zvinhu uye netsvina, mhando microstructure uye sekristaro yekamuri zvikanganiso uye nezvimwe. Goho dzinosiyana yekudyidzana pamwe tembiricha. Funga nezvomuenzaniso anobatsira tsika parameter ichi.

zvikwepa goho

Chinonyanya pachena ndiyo matambudziko vakapiwa kwakakura pakuvaka yakakwirira kumanikidzwa muridzo unoridzirwa enyika. In mazano akadaro, inokosha simbi inofanira kushandiswa, iro rine zvakakwana guru goho mupfungwa uye shoma musiyano pakati zviratidzi parameter Data uye simba tensile. The wakakwirira Pamuganhu simbi, saka, ari kumusoro kunofanira kuva indekisi ari zvinobvumidzwa kukosha uchishandisa voltage. Chokwadi ichi ane rakananga kukanganisa kukosha simba simbi, uye maererano, zvinonyatsorehwa mamiriro. Nokuti chokuti parameter tsika dzaona zvinobvumidzwa kunetseka hurongwa ine rakananga kukanganisa zvinodiwa rusvingo ukobvu ukoshi rinoshandiswa pombi, zvakakosha zvakarurama kuverenga kunonyanyisa simba chakanangana simbi kushandiswa mune zvaAtemisi pombi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvechokwadi tsanangudzo parameters nzira idzi kuita tsvakurudzo pamusoro tensile chiratidzazvizhinji. Muzviitiko zvose zvakafanira kufunga musiyano iri chinoratidza tsika, rumwe rutivi, uye kwaibvumirwa kunetseka tsika - rumwe.

Uyezve, munhu anofanira kuziva kuti simbi goho pfungwa anogara kuisa somugumisiro hwakadzama chipimo reusable. Asi kwoMutendi kunetseka wemuTesitamende ruzhinji kutora pachishandiswa mitemo kana kunyange somugumisiro unyanzvi nokurondedzerwa, uyewo kuvimba pachake zvakaitika mugadziri. Huru Mapaipi, zvose mureza compendium anorondedzerwa SNP II-45-75. Saka, installation kuchengeteka chinhu - asi kunzwisisa uye anokosha chaizvo inoshanda dambudziko. Yakarurama yeshoko parameter ichi zvachose novimba rakarurama vakaverenga voltage netsika mutoro, uyewo goho nesimba zvinhu.

Pakusarudza kuputira mutopota hurongwa vari kwakavakirwa chakarurama ichi. Izvi imhaka yokuti zvinhu izvi kuuya zvakananga neVadzidzi simbi nechigadziko chubhu, uye, naizvozvovo, tinogona kubatanidzwa electrochemical urongwa, kwakakanganisa rinobaya ezvinhu Mapaipi.

tensile zvinhu

The tensile simba anosarudza kunokosha panguva iyo voltage achagara kuchinja kana havadi, pasinei elongation. Kureva, parameter ichi chinosvika yakaoma iyi apo chaishanda kubva kwakavharwa nenyama kusvikira epurasitiki munharaunda zvinhu deformation. Zvakaratidza kuti goho pfungwa inogona tsunga nokuda muchizviedza tsvimbo.

kukarukureta pamusoro PT

The kurwisa zvinhu goho simba ndiye musoro izvo kachitanga epurasitiki deformation. Ngatitarisei sei kukosha ichi rinowanikwa. In kuedza zvinoitiswa cylindrical ivhu, kuona kukosha chakaipa mupfungwa ari chikamu muchinjikwa panguva yacho kusingarapiki deformation. The nzira chete ari kuedza nomwoyo torsion tubular specimens kubereka kuziva goho nesimba fura. Nokuti vakawanda zvinhu inoenzanirana pakutsvaga nzira σ _T = τ _S √3. Mune zvimwe zviitiko chinoramba kuwedzera cylindrical mharidzo iri girafu zvichienderana sevamwe atinosangana elongation kunotungamirira kuwanikwa vainzi goho kushushikana pamusoro nezino, i.e. rakapinza voltage donhwe pamberi paumbwe mapurasitiki deformation.

Uyezve, mamwe nokuwedzera kusarurama uku kune imwe ukoshi kunoitika panguva dzose voltage, unonzi panyama TP. Kana kuerera nzvimbo (chinjikira chikamu Graphics) ane mukuru urefu, kwakadaro zvinhu anonzi Zvakanakisa-epurasitiki. Kana chati haaiti ikanyanya, ivo ivhu rinonzi vachiomesa. Muchiitiko chino, hazvibviri kutaridzwa chaiyo chamunowana iyo epurasitiki deformation kunoitika.

Chii zvibereko simba?

Ngationei wakadii kuita. Muzviitiko apo kunetseka dhayagiramu jhaana nzvimbo zvakakodzera kuona Zvimiso TP. Saka, ukoshi ichi ndicho voltage panguva iyo hama residual deformation akaenzana 0.2 muzana. Kuverenga dhayagiramu Nokufunga voltage akabatana ε zvakafanira kunonoka kukosha zvakaenzana 0.2. Kubva panguva iyi, akatapa yakananga mutsetse newokuti kwokutanga chikamu. Somugumisiro, mashoko mharadzano pfungwa yakarurama maererano chati rinorondedzera kukosha hwokuti kunetseka nokuda zvikuru zvinhu. Uyewo, pfungwa iyi anonzi hwokugadzira Fri. Uyezve, wakaparadzaniswa nevamwe goho simba pasi torsion uye vachikotama.

The uchanyangadika kuyerera zvazvingava

parameter ichi anosarudza mano yakaumbwa simbi kuzadza kunze Linear chimiro. The uchanyangadika kuyerera mwero kuti alloys simbi uye simbi ine izwi yaro metallurgia bhizimisi - castability. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye itirana ari guru viscosity. The International System vezvikwata (SI) anoratidza Urume chokubuda muna Pa ^-1 * S ^-1.

Ultimate Tensile

Ngatitarisei kuti izvi pakutsvaga zvechadenga zvemaziso zvivako. Simba zvinoreva kukwanisa kwemashoko pasi zvimwe zvinhu uye mukati zvakasiyana vachinzwisisa migumisiro pasina fracturing. Mechanical ehupfumi kazhinji vakatsunga pachishandiswa kwakajairika machati sprains. Kuongororwa kushandisa mutemo ivhu. Test mano takashongedzerwa aine mudziyo iyo anonyora chati. Kuwedzera mitoro zvinopfuura zvinokonzera nouchapupu epurasitiki deformation ari chigadzirwa. The goho simba uye simba tensile panguva yokumbozorora dzinoenderana soro mutoro, chakapfuura zvachose mharidzo. In mapurasitiki deformation nezvinhu chinotarisa imwe nzvimbo apo pane munharaunda aienda kwomuchinjikwa chikamu. It rinonziwo mutsipa. Kukura vakawanda masiraidhi vari acho aumbwa refu arambe achirema pamusoro dislocations uye ipapo vanonzi germinal discontinuity. Pamusana enlargements vavo mharidzo rine pores. Kubatanidzwa nomumwe pamwe chete, vanoumba makatsemuka izvo anzwire transversely kuti akabatana kuti kutambanuka. Uye panguva yakaoma mharidzo rinoparadzwa zvachose.

Chii DC kuti vharuvhu?

zvigadzirwa ava chinhu chinokosha pamusoro zvakasimbisa kongiri, takatondeswa chiwanzo kudzivisa tensile masimba. Kazhinji kushandiswa simbi mbariro, asi pane kusaina. zvigadzirwa izvi vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete vazhinji chesamende mumatanho ose vachizvitakudza pasina chaakasiya pakuvaka ichi, Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye ane ductile zvivako. Uyewo kuzosangana ose ezvinhu ose kwemaindasitiri pakubhadhara izvi mabasa. The zvemaziso ehupfumi ari esimbi rinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi mavharuvhu, akagadza zvinoenderana GOST uye michina ezvinhu. GOST 5781-61 inopa makirasi mana zvinhu izvi. matatu okutanga aiendeswa kwakajairika mazano, uyewo Free kuti makakatanwa nembariro mune prestressed gadziriro. Tensile goho simba chisimbiso zvichienderana chigadzirwa kirasi inogona kusvika 6000 makirogiramu / ^cm2. Saka, muchikoro wokutanga uyu parameter ndiye anenge makirogiramu 500 / masendimita ^2, wechipiri - 3000 makirogiramu / masendimita ^2, wechitatu 4000 makirogiramu / masendimita ^2, uye wechina - 6000 makirogiramu / masendimita ^2.

Zvipirei simba simbi

Nokuti yakanyikwa dzinokosha configuration GOST 1050-88 PT anopa zvinotevera tsika: rokuparadza 20 - 25 kgf / mm ^2, chiratidzo 30 - 30 kgf / mm ^2, chiratidzo 45 - 36 kgf / mm ^2. Zvisinei, nokuti iyoyo simbi, kugadzirwa nenzira isati vabvumirana mutengi uye mugadziri, zvibereko kunetseka vangava netsika dzakasiyana (zvakafanana GOST). Nokudaro, simbi mugwaro 30 vachava Fr kukura kubva 30 kusvika 41 kgf / mm ² uye cherechedza 45 - mu kuwanda 38-50 kgf / mm ^2.

mhedziso

In mazano siyana simbi zvivako (zvivakwa, mabhiriji, etc) nokuberekera simba rinoshandiswa sechinhu chokukomborerwa simba vomureza chokupika Masvomhu bvumidzwa mutoro tsika azvaitwa yamunenge kuchengeteka chikonzero. Asi nokuda mumidziyo zvaoma, kwakakura bvumidzwa mutoro rinowanikwa pachishandiswa ari UT, uyewo tensile simba, pamwechete Specification oparesheni ezvinhu.