Zvinokambaira

Deformation inofanira umo pasi pokudzora mitoro kureva muviri ikachinja ukuru uye chimiro. Process kuchinja kunogona mhando mbiri. Rinoreva wokutanga reversible (kwakavharwa nenyama) rechipiri - residual (epurasitiki) deformation.

Chokutanga mhando inofanira umo pashure nokubviswa mutoro mutumbi anopinda yaro yepakutanga chimiro. Izvi anochinja kure pakati maatomu mukati sekristaro zvakachinjikwa parameters.

Plastic deformation inofanira umo muviri mushure nokubvisa mutoro asingadi kudzorera yaro yepakutanga chimiro. kuchinja Izvi pamwe chinokosha misha zvikamu sekristaro hama kune mumwe ari nechokure kupfuura chinhambwe pakati sekristaro yekamuri pakati maatomu.

Plastic deformation nguva dzose kunotevera chinhu kwakavharwa nenyama. Somugumisiro, zvinonyatsorehwa yachinja mutoro panguva aaiitawo kunosanganisira pezvakaitwa maviri - reversible uye residual.

Deformation chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi iri zvikuru inoshanda kukosha. Izvi imhaka zvikurukuru chokwadi kuti kurapwa nevezera kwemashoko hwakavakirwa muitiro anochinja chimiro uye ukuru blanks. With ichi, dzomunyika mupfungwa sokuti kupesvedzera physicochemical uye zvemaziso zvivako zviri.

Plastic deformation nesimbi (pezvawakaita uye uwandu) kunoenderana plasticity nezvinhu. pfuma iyi zvinogona kuongororwa panguva hama aienda kana dzikawedzerwa of ivhu iri tensile bvunzo. Features zvinosanganisira ductility simbi uyewo nechiidzo kuti kuoma. pfuma iyi zvinoratidza kuparadza basa panguva vachikotama notched panyaya sectional nzvimbo notch mugove.

The ductility mashoko kunowedzera kusiyana goho simba uye simba. Plastic deformation mu pfava zvinhu iri rinenge zvikasaitika. Nokuti kuti ayere goho kunetseka kuri pedyo zvakadini tensile simba, nokuputsanya navo zvakasimba zvakakwana. Izvi zvinoitika, Somuenzaniso, girazi, porcelain, simbi, matombo. Zvichakadai, muchidziisa simbi refu tembiricha kunotungamirira ndechokuti mwero tensile simba riri anenge akafanana ne kukosha zvibereko simba.

Residual polycrystalline mamiriro shanduko zvinhu ane zvimwe kana tichienzanisa chete kwacho chete sekristaro muviri. Cold epurasitiki deformation ndiko kuwanda nokuchinja pezvakaita uye kukura munhu tsanga uye kuchinja pamuganhu volume. Nepo munhu tsanga dziri pasi deformation kuburikidza twinning uye zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope interconnection dzavo uye muzvizhinji kuti polycrystalline muviri kuti zvimwe zvinhu izvi.

Maererano zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope ndege pamadiro nezvatinovavarira ari muchadenga, muitiro kuchaitika nenzira dzakasiyana. Pakutanga yokutanga deform avo tsanga izvo pasi zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope ndege kuti kunonyanyisa fura kunetseka. Panyaya iyi akapoteredza zvirimo zvishoma nezvishoma kuva zvematongerwo kwacho. Deformation anoshandura chimiro yavo - vanova elongated yakananga kunonyanyisa kusimba zvesimbi kuyerera (lengthwise hama kutungamirirwa deformation).

Saka, mashoko anowana fibrous marongerwo. Elongated esimbi inclusions kukonzera kusiyana faibha zvivako pamwe uye akayambuka. Changing pezvakaita tsanga zviri pamwe nokuchinja dzidziso pamusoro sekristaro lattices iri nzvimbo. Akawanda zvirimo vachava chete wezwi, kuti unaku aumbwa deformation.