Ivan Shmelev: Biography, pikicha zvinhu uye

Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich - akakurumbira Russian munyori. In basa rake, akatsanangura upenyu siyana sectors munzanga, asi kunyanya tsitsi, iye anoratidzwa upenyu "murume muduku." Photo Ivana Shmeleva rinotaurwa pazasi.

Origin Shmelev

Ivan Sergeyevich akaberekwa September 21, 1873. Wakanga Zamoskvoretskaya vatengesi mhando. Zvisinei, kutengeserana mababa vake shoma kufarira. Yaiva dzakawanda dzokugezera uye pamwe vavezi. mhuri Shmelev vaiva Old Vatendi, nzira yakanga yakaita, democratic. Old Vatendi, sezvo varidzi, uye vashandi vanhuwo kurarama yakanyatsobatana munharaunda. Vanofanira kutevera zvavo nemitemo vose, pakunamata uye tsika dzakanaka. Ivan Shmelev akakurira pave vakawanda kuwirirana uye ushamwari. Iye woga zvose zvomunda hwevanhu. Mumakore aya uduku zvakaitika vakanga akaratidza nemabasa ake.

Kujairirana Classics

Home Education Ivan Sergeyevich akavimbiswa kuroorwa kunyanya amai. Zvakanga iye uyo akadzidzisa mwanakomana wake kuti kuverenga zvakawanda. Naizvozvo Ivan pauduku aiziva basa vanyori vakadai Pushkin, Gogol, NdiTolstoy, Turgenev, uye vamwe. Kudzidza yakatora muupenyu hwake. Gare gare akadzidza ari jimunasiyamu Ivan Shmelev. Biography ake pakataurwa kudzamisa nokunyora mabhuku ruzivo. Ivan Sergeyevich akafara kuverenga bhuku Leskov, Korolenko, Uspensky, Melnikov Pechenskogo. Neimwe vaiva ake mabhuku zvifananidzo. Chokwadi, izvi hazvina kumisa nokuitika paumbwe remangwana akanyora Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Izvi kunosimbiswa akazotevera mabasa Shmelev: ". Chakavanzika Pushkin" "Asingagumi Ideal", "Pfuma musangano",

mabhuku debut

Ivan Shmelev, vane Biography tiri kufarira, akaita debut ake sechinhu munyori muna 1895. Mumagazini inonzi "Russian Review" yakabudiswa nyaya yake kuti "Mill". basa iri rinoreva kuti paumbwe unhu nzira dzomunhu kuti okusika nokukunda zvinetso zvoupenyu, kunzwisisa dambudziko uye unhu vanhuwo zvavo.

Bhuku, vakauya mwoyo

Pashure muchato wake mudzimai wechiduku vakaenda kuchitsuwa Valaam, apo dzemamongi vekare uye hermitages, Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich.

Biography wevanyori zhinji kunooneka basa ravo, uye Shmelev - hakuna anosara. Mugumisiro rwendo urwu raiva bhuku "On matombo yaBharami ...". bhuku Its vakauya yotunga munyori mwoyo zhinji. Chokwadi chokuti Pobedonostsev oberprokuror Dzvene Revafundisi, kuburikidza uyo bhuku rino raizoitirwa, akawana chigadzirwa zviremera hurukuro. Shmelev pakupedzisira akamanikidzirwa kucheka acho, kuchinja basa, nokunyima kusika kwaakaita yemunyori zest. Izvi zvingazununguka Ivan Sergeyevich. Akasarudza kuti mabhuku basa - kwete nzira yake. Pashure paizvozvo Ivan Sergeyevich akanyora anenge 10 apfuura. Zvisinei, aifanira sezvineiwo kuriritira mhuri yake. Saka ndakasarudza kutsvaka itsva kunobva mari Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich. Biography kwohumwe makore hwake vachange nechokuita mabhuku. Asi apo akasarudza chii chokuita zvimwewo.

Ivan Shmelev kuva gweta

Ivan Sergeyevich akasarudza kupinda Moscow University kuti vawane pamutemo basa. Zvizhinji zvakachinja kubvira panguva iyoyo, uye Chikurukuru - emunyori kwezvakatipoteredza. chikoro ichi aiva okuverengwa chizvarwa itsva vakadzidza. Ivan Sergeyevich akataura vakadzidza vakangwara kuti zviende uye vave unhu hwake uye zvinhu uye. Akapedza kudzidza kubva University muna 1898. Ivan Shmelev imwe nguva vakashanda Moscow, mubatsiri gweta (yakaderera). Akabva atamira Vladimir. Pano Ivan Sergeyevich akatanga kushanda mutero inisipekita. Kunyange ichi purogiramu basa Shmelev, somunhu rokusika munhu, ndakakwanisa kuwana ayo zvakanakira. Akavhomora zvakaitika ake uye nemaonero panguva dzakawanda nzendo parutivi rwenyika, kushanyira ungana mahotera. Saka zvishoma nezvishoma akaunganidza pfungwa mabhuku ake ramangwana.

Vodzokera mabhuku basa

Shmelev muna 1905 akasarudza kudzokera kunyora. Mumagazini inonzi "pfungwa Russian" uye "Vana Kuverenga" akatanga kuzviratidza mabasa ake. Vakanga duku, asi vainyara ivhu, nomuedzo Shmelev pachake kune vanyori kumunda. Nechokwadi pakupedzisira akanyangarika. Ivan Sergeyevich akanga pakupedzisira nekusimbiswa chisarudzo chakaitwa. Akasarudza kusiya basa. Ivan Shmelev akasvika guru. Muna 1907 vakatanga mutsva danho rake mabhuku basa.

Zvadaro uye anobatsira ruzivo dzokukurukurirana nevanhu, akawana munzendo dzake ari Vladimir province. Writer Ivan Shmelev aitoziva kuti vamwe simba idzva iri kutanga pakati vanhu, pane kutsutsumwa manzwiro, pane kuda kushandura, kusanganisira kubudikidza chimurenga. Duku prose pamusoro Ivan Sergeyevich yakaratidza zvose zvaakacherechedza izvi.

"Disintegration"

Muna 1906 sokuti yokufungidzira yake yaiti "Disintegration". Rinotsanangura nhoroondo ukama pakati pababa nemwanakomana wake. Baba haadi kuchinja chero, akanga vakajaira kuita zvose akwegura zvechinyakare nzira. Ndicho muridzi fekitari chidhinha. mwanakomana wake, Ukuwo, vachida kushandura. muchifashukira ake nepfungwa itsva. Saka pane kupesana zvizvarwa mumhuri chete. To rufu uye kuti, uye mumwe gamba kutungamirira ezvinhu. Unosuruvarisa, zvisinei, haafuridziri kusava netariro uye kusava netariro.

"Man of resitorendi"

"Munhu muresitorendi," - inotevera nyaya Shmelev. It unowanzonzi kuzivikanwa munyori uyu. Story akaonekwa 1910. Rinotaurawo akabata panyaya vanababa nevana. Zvisinei, nguva ino chiitiko kunoitika pamusoro colour of ukasha munzanga echimurenga mashoko. Zvisinei, nyaya Ivan Sergeyevich, havana zvinetso uye ukama hwevanhu, dambudziko upenyu sarudzo.

"Life Turnover"

Shmelev nomudzimai wake pashure Pachatanga World War First akatamira Kaluga wakare. Panguva ino akaita mutsva akawana pachavo. Zvakaratidza, kwete mumuviri chete mutilates munhu wokurwa, asiwo mutsika. The gamba idzva Shmelev nyaya "Life Turnover" - muvezi. Munguva yehondo, basa rake nani yekudyidzana nokuda maodha michinjikwa uye coffins. Mutsika mari pakutanga kumeso tenzi, asi nokufamba kwenguva akaziva kuti iye chichiwanikwa kwevanhu kurwadziwa nzira regai mufaro.

The kupfura kwomwanakomana

Nechemberi dzakaenda Sergei Shmelev, mwanakomana Ivan Sergeyevich. Akashanda Alushta commandant muuto Wrangel raMwari. The yokupedzisira akatotanga vakatiza apo Red Army akatora Alushta. Saka ini akabatwa Sergei Shmelev. Baba pasina akaedza kuita zvose kuti aponese mwanakomana wake. Sergei Shmelev akapfurwa. Yaiva rinorema akundwa vabereki vake.

kuenda kumwe

Ivan Sergeyevich wakati ruzivo nzara muna 1921, akaita chisarudzo kutama. Chokutanga, pamwechete wake, akatamira Berlin (1922) uye zvadaro panguva kukokwa Bunin akaenda Paris (1923). Pano akararama kusvikira parufu rwake. Makore nhapwa - mudariro itsva kwete chete muupenyu Shmelev asiwo basa rake.

"The Sun Vakafa"

"The Sun Vakafa", yakakurumbira paakaita yokufungidzira, rakanyorwa panguva ino. basa iri rakashandurirwa Chirungu, German, French uye nemimwe mitauro. Book Shmelev ari Boon chaiye kwete chete mudzimba asiwo mabhuku nyika. Mubasa Ivan Sergeyevich akanga achiedza kunyatsoongorora panguva musimboti nenhamo rakawira Russian nzanga.

"Summer raShe" (Ivan Shmelev)

Works Ivan Sergeyevich vakasikwa munguva yakaoma nyika yedu. Zvandakatanga Kuziva anoitwa vaiva hwaro ake anotevera Romana Shmeleva muRussia mumakore achangopfuura - "Summer waShe". Writer, kudhirowa mifananidzo mazororo Orthodox, rinozivisa mweya yevanhu Russian. Achitaura chevana zera, Ivan Sergeyevich rinoburitsa nepfungwa zvenyika vatendi mwana uyo nechivimbo akagamuchira mumwoyo make naMwari. Mushambadzi uye murimi mudiki milieu iri mubhuku iri harisi "umambo rima", uye Organic uye RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA nyika izere tsika yomukati, tsika utano, vanhu uye rudo. Shmelev kure nekunzwisisa kana kudanana stylization. Iye unoratidza mararamiro kwechokwadi, kwete glossing pamusoro wayo divi noutsinye uye mafungu, "matambudziko" ayo. ichizarurwa kwakachena mweya mwana zvikurukuru wake nomufaro, inopenya divi. Kuvapo vevatambi chokuita zvikuru yokunamata uye chechi upenyu. Kokutanga mumabhuku Russian ari sezvo zvakakwana uye zvikuru anosikwa inokosha paiva National upenyu - chechi uye zvechitendero. Munyengetero inodaro vatambi, avo mupfungwa zvakaitika rinovhura upenyu muKristu zvokunamata.

"Nanny kubva Moscow"

Muna yokufungidzira, Ivan Sergeyevich, "mukoti kubva Moscow," akadaro njodzi mukadzi nyore, uyo akava kuda ezvinhu muParis. Munyori ndiye nyaya, uchishandisa tsitsi inzwi rakapfava vane zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika chiedza ndyaringo. Muverengi panguva imwecheteyo anzwe kuti munyori kuti chii chiri kuitika marwadzo uye kusuwa kukuru. The chidimbu zvakanyorwa muchimiro nyaya, asi chaanofarira Shmelev. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munyori tazadzisa kunakisisa. Nanny DARYA Stepanovna hunhu rugare rwomumwoyo, kutenda kwakasimba, utano hwomudzimu uye rusingaperi mutsa. Mboni mukoti - capricious, vasine hanya, misikanzwa musikana. Munyori anoratidza hunhu waro uchifara.

"Nzira denga"

Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich, vane mabasa isu tsanangura, akatanga kushanda kwake inotevera yokufungidzira, yaiti "Nzira kudenga" uye akapotsa akaipedza. Zvisinei, panguva ino Olga, mudzimai wake waaida vakashaya mushure chirwere. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1933. Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich ndisina pfungwa ivepo pasina mukadzi uyu. The munyori aifanira kuenda kuburikidza chaizvo afa. Akanga achienda mberi pezvaitika ake, asi hupenyu hwake pakarepo kumisa chomwoyo.

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev akafa June 24, 1950.