The gwenya Corona: tsanangudzo, features, kupenya uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Sun - ndiwo zvoupenyu inopisa magasi kuti pave chaizvo simba uye chiedza uye kuti upenyu Panyika zvichibvira yakakura.

nzvimbo iyi yokudenga ndiyo guru uye kupfuura hombe pakati renzou. Kubva Panyika kwaari kure mamiriyoni 150 makiromita. Kuti asvike isu kupisa uye chiedza chezuva zvinotora maminitsi anenge masere. kure ichi chiri kunzi sere chiedza-maminitsi.

Star, achidziya pasi redu chinosanganisira anoverengeka dzokunze akaturikidzana, dzakadai photosphere, iyo chromosphere uye Corona. Dzokunze akaturikidzana zvomumhepo rezuva simba kuumba munhu pose kuti matema pamusoro viscera uye anoona nyeredzi, uye kunorondedzerwa se chiedza chezuva.

Constituent vneshenego Sun rukoko

The rukoko kuti tinoona, yainzi photosphere, kana zvoupenyu chiedza. Photosphere akacherekedza inopenya yeplasma Kubika granules uye zvasviba kuchitonhora mavara, iyo kuitika kana rezuva rinobva minda kupaza pemvura. Mavara kuoneka uye kufamba kuyambuka zuva disk. Kuona sangano iri, ari nyanzvi kugumisa kuti nyeredzi yedu Anovhura ayo akabatana. Sezvo zuva haina rutsigiro zvikukutu, nzvimbo dzakasiyana tenderera panguva aimhanya siyana. Neequator anouya denderedzwa zvizere munenge 24 mazuva apo polar kutenderera anogona kutora mazuva anopfuura 30 (kuti chimurenga).

Chii photosphere?

The photosphere zvakare tsime rezuva hadzitani: mirazvo kutambanudzira zviuru zvemakiromita pamusoro zuva pamusoro. Solar hadzitani zvibereko watsemuka pamusoro X-ray, ultraviolet, remagetsi nemwaranzi uye redhiyo mafungu. Panobva X-ray uye redhiyo achine iri zvakananga zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri Corona.

Chii chromosphere?

Area yakapoteredza photosphere, inova rokunze goko kwezuva, yainzi chromosphere. Narrow nzvimbo unoravura korona kubva chromosphere. Tembiricha inokwira zvikuru pakakura yezwi nharaunda, kubva zviuru zvishomanana madhigirii ari chromosphere kuti madhigirii zvinopfuura miriyoni vari Corona. Chromosphere inongorira yakatsvukuruka luminescence ndiyo chaipisa maererano combustion rehydrogen. Asi dzvuku pomukombero unogona kuonekwa chete panguva nokuora kwezuva. Pane dzimwe nguva, chiedza kubva chromosphere, kazhinji anyanyopera simba kuiona tikafunga yakajeka photosphere. plasma arambe achirema anowira nokukurumidza kuburikidza yezwi nharaunda zvinofamba achibva chromosphere kusvika Corona.

Ndeipi gwenya Corona? tsananguro

Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi vanogara kunze tsvakurudzo chirahwe wakabvunzwa solar Corona. Chii chinombodiwa rinomiririrei?

Izvi gwenya chadenga kana dzokunze rukoko. zita iri akapiwa nokuda chitarisiko chake inova pachena kana pane kuora kwezuva kwakakwana. The nezvimedu kubva Corona atambanudza kure muchadenga uye, chaizvoizvo, tisvike muchadenga paNyika. The chimiro dzinowanzotsigi- pakutsvaga remagineti. The vakasununguka maerekitironi ari Corona zvinokambaira munda akarongwa rinobva minda anoumba zvivako siyana dzakawanda. Forms, izvo akaona Corona pamusoro mavara vanowanzoda chidhongi chimiro, izvo kamwe zvakare anosimbisa kuti kutevera akarongwa remagineti. Kubva pamusoro "Maberere" izvi refu semastreamer anogona vakagovera kure rezuva dhayamita kana kunyanya sezvo kana zvimwe muitiro anorega zvinhu vachibva kumusoro maberere vari muchadenga. Izvi zvaisanganisira kuti zuva mhepo, iyo anowira kunze kuburikidza redu renzou. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi mudane zviitiko zvakadaro "ngowani semastreamer" nokuti zvavakaita kusvikira giya nengowani inopfekwa Knights uye vakashandisa vamwe varwi German kusvikira 1918

Chii ikorona?

Mashoko kubva iyo akaumba zuva Corona, zvikuru inopisa, ina tenuous plasma. The tembiricha mukati korona pamusoro madhigirii miriyoni, zvinoshamisa, dzakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura pose tembiricha iri Sun, riri pamusoro 5500 ° C. Pressure uye korona arambe achirema ezasi zvikuru kupfuura ari mumhepo.

Vachiona chinooneka chakarondedzera zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri Corona, inopenya achine mitsetse pa wavelengths akawanikwa kuti murege anoenderana anozivikanwa zvokuvakisa. Panyaya iyi, nyanzvi hypothesized kuvapo "korona" sezvo huru gasi iri Corona. Mhando Fani iyi wechokwadi yakaramba isingazivikanwi kusvikira vakaona kuti in coronal magasi overheated pamusoro 1.000.000 ° C. In pamberi yakadaro yakakwirira tembiricha maviri hukuru zvinhu - hydrogen nehelium - zvachose kunyimwa maerekitironi ayo. Kunyange kuduku zvinhu zvakadai sekabhoni, okisijeni uye senitrogen vakabvisa kuti miti nuclei. asi kwakanyanya zvinoriumba (simbi uye calcium yakawanda) chete ndivo vanokwanisa kuchengeta vamwe maerekitironi dzavo pasi pokudzora tembiricha. Radiation izvi zvikuru ionized zvinhu izvo zvinoumba spectral mitsetse kusvikira ichangopfuura akaramba enigmatic kuti mangwanani nyanzvi.

Nokupenya uye dzinonakidza zvinhu

Solar pamusoro zvokuti inopenya uye, sezvo mutemo, chiratidzo chedu hachisi kuwanika zviri zuva mhepo, ivo Corona kwezuva ndiyewo haana kuonekwa kuti kupfeka ziso. Chokunze paiva zvomumhepo chitete chaizvo uye simba, saka unogona kuonekwa chete kubva Earth panguva nokuora kwezuva kana chaiwo teresikopu-coronagraph kuti mimics zvokudzikatidza, kufukidza yakajeka jeka disk. Vamwe coronagraph uchishandisa ivhu anotsanangura materesikopu, vamwe vakatakura pamusoro satellites.

Nokupenya gwenya Corona mu maekisirei imhaka tembiricha aro akakura. Ukuwo, zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri photosphere inongorira zviduku maekisirei. Kunoitawo kuti kuona korona zuva dhisiki, kana tiri kuzviona X-ray. Inoshandisa chaiyo optics, izvo zvinoita kuti uone X-ray. Mukutanga 70s wokutanga US nzvimbo chiteshi Skylab akashandisa X-ray teresikopu, izvo zvakanga zvakajeka kuonekwa rezuva Corona uye rezuva makwapa kana maburi kutanga. Mumakore gumi adarika kwakapiwa munhu mashoko akawandisa uye mifananidzo kwezuva Corona. Achibatsirwa Satellite rezuva Corona anova nyore itsva uye dzinonakidza zvaanorumbidza of Sun, mamiriro ayo uye vakagwinya hunhu.

tembiricha of Sun

Kunyange zvazvo yomukati nemamiriro gwenya chinoumba rakavanzwa zvakananga pakuongorora, rinogona vakagumisa nokushandiswa akasiyana mienzaniso kuti kufadza tembiricha mukati nyeredzi wedu madhigirii anenge mamiriyoni 16 (Celsius). The photosphere - chinooneka pose zuva - ane tembiricha anenge 6000 Celsius, asi anowedzera kwazvo zvikuru kubva 6,000 madhigirii miriyoni shoma madhigirii iri Corona, pedyo 500 makiromita pamusoro photosphere.

Zuva rapisa mukati pane ari kunze. Zvisinei, chokunze kuitika zuva, korona chaizvoizvo chaizvo kudarika photosphere.

Panoperera pakati thirties Grotrian (1939) uye Edlen akawana rinoshamisa spectral mitsetse kuchengetwa ari chakarondedzera zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri Corona, ari zvichiratidza zvinhu, zvakadai simbi (Fe), karusiyamu (Ca) uye nickel (Ni) mu ionization dzakakwirira zvikuru nzendo. Vakazongofunga kuti in coronal gasi rinopisa kusvikira tembiricha pamusoro mamiriyoni 1 inegumi.

Mubvunzo nei Corona zvakadaro inopisa, zvazvinosarira rimwe muropa kupfuura dambanemazwi mitambo nezvenyeredzi mumakore 60 apfuura. The unequivocal Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu kwete.

Kunyange zvazvo gwenya Corona risingayereki inopisa, uyewo ane muzasizasi arambe achirema. Saka, chete chiduku inorwara yose rezuva nemwaranzi kunodiwa kuti recharge Corona. Vose simba airatidza ne X-ray, ndiyo chete inenge imwe-millionth pamusoro zvachose luminosity kwezuva. Chinokosha mubvunzo sei simba iri kuendeswa kune korona, uye chii mashandiro ndiye anokonzera senga.

The zvigadziriswe of gwenya Corona simba

dzakasiyana korona zvitengeswa zvigadziriswe dzave dzichitaurwa mumakore:

• Acoustic mafungu.

• Fast uye anononoka magneto-acoustic mafungu Tel.

• Alfven mafungu muviri.

• Slow nokutsanya magneto-acoustic pamusoro mafungu.

• Current (kana remagineti) - nounzenza.

• Hova nezvimedu uye rinobva nekubudisa.

Urongwa uhwu kunge achasimbiswa zvose hunonzi uye experimentally, uye kuti musi, chete acoustic mafungu vakanga vasingagoni.

Nepo kuti asati adzidza, iyo inoguma rokumusoro panogumira korona. Earth nevamwe dzomuchadenga zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri yaiva mukati korona. Optical nemwaranzi of Corona iri kuchengetwa 10-20 rezuva radii (makumi emamiriyoni kilometers) uye unobatanidzwa pamwe Chiitiko pakati zodiacal chiedza.

Magnetic kapeti yokutenderera zuva Corona

Munguva ichangopfuura, kuti "rinobva kapeti" kwave chokuita Inovhiringidza pamusoro in coronal kudziyisa.

Observation dzakakwirira spatial chisarudzo anoratidza kuti pose akafukidzwa rezuva simba rinonzi magnetic minda kusimbiswa munzvimbo duku wechirume polarity (rinobva makapeti). Izvi rinobva wevasungwa, vanoonekwa kuti pfungwa huru dzehurukuro wacho rinobva sepombi akatakura magetsi iyezvino.

Recent zvaanorumbidza izvi "rinobva makapeti" kuratidza inonakidza kuitika: photospheric remagineti anoramba zvinokambaira, kushamwaridzana mumwe, uye vakapararira kunze kwenguva pfupi nguva. Magnetic reconnection pakati remagineti pamusoro pakatarisana polarity munda topology kungachinja uye kusunungura rinobva simba. reconnection muitiro uyewo kwaizounza bongozozo pakati dzemagetsi dzenzvimbo, izvo exchange zvemagetsi simba kupinda kupisa.

Pfungwa iyi mukuru sei rinobva kapeti vangave munyaya in coronal kudziyisa. Zvisinei, kutaura kuti "rinobva kapeti" pakupedzisira anosarudza dambudziko in coronal kudziyisa haangavi, sezvo muenzaniso quantitative acho asati dzichitaurwa.

Ko zuva kuzodzimwa?

The renzou iri saka kwakatooma uye unexplored kuti shamisa mashoko akadai se: "Zuva achakurumidza kubuda," kana, nekusiyana, "zuva tembiricha rinobuda uye nokukurumidza upenyu Panyika zvaisazobvira" rinonzwika zvinenge pusa. Ndiani anogona kuita zvichaitika kwakadaro, asingazivi chaizvoizvo chii zvigadziriswe zvinokonzera ichi nyeredzi inoshamisa?!