Ivanov, "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu." Kuongororwa mufananidzo "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu"

Ari oga meruvanze Tretyakov Gallery munokwanisa kuona mufananidzo Ivanova "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu." Fabric chinokushamisa rayo ukuru uye ruvara inks, kunzwisisa murwiyo. About munyori anoziva kuti hwake haana kugamuchira kuchiva kuzivikanwa kubva vomunyika yake. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti kushanda basa rake, akapedza makore anopfuura 20, vakawanda vakanga vapedzera kune imwe nyika. Asi ikozvino wose angaona hwakadzama kupenda "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu." Description kwakapiwa munyaya ino.

Brief Biography womufananidzo

Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro poupenyu yemunyori mifananidzo? Akaberekerwa muna 1806 mumhuri womufananidzo. Akadzidza ari tenzi remangwana Imperial Academy of Arts. Nokuti kubudirira ake pakuswedera kunyange kuyaruka, akakunda Medals maviri esirivha. Izvi zvakateverwa mibayiro maviri nendarama. Pashure Society ichi kusimudzira Artists vakasarudza kutuma Alexander kuItaly kuvandudza paguva. Zviri munyika ino, yokudhirowa uye akasika chikuru kanivhasi ake "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu." MuRoma, mufananidzo kwakabudirira zvikuru. Uye pano ari kumusha kwayo akasangana pakutanga muchitonhorera. Chete mberi youth, nharo panguva mifananidzo yakadhirowewa, vakaziva kwaari mukuru muenzaniso neitsva jana paguva. Nguva pfupi pashure pashoo womufananidzo Ivanova akarwara nekorera uye akafa. Pashure paizvozvo chevaux Alexander II 15 000 akatenga kupenda "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu." Nhoroondo kupenda ndechokuti Nyanzvi nokukurumidza akatamira kuMoscow, uko ari Tretyakov Gallery. Ikoko iye nhasi.

Subject mufananidzo

Artist kwenguva refu nokukwezvwa pfungwa nguva kuumba munhu kanivhasi unoratidza pakuonekwa Mesiya. Re-kuverenga Vhangeri, akaenda pakusikwa mifananidzo pamwe zvebhaibheri mifananidzo. Pamberi pake, nyaya yaishandiswa mufananidzo Domeniko Di Tommaso Del Ghirlandaio, Italian painter of Renaissance chokusika Paaidzidzisa ake, "Kubhabhatidzwa Kristu, St. John." Achitaura zvikamu zveBhaibheri, rine nyaya inokosha chiitiko, izvo vakazvipira ake kupenda Ivanova. The Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha Zvikamu Testamende Itsva.

Mumakomo reHerimoni uye Rebhanoni zvinobva rwizi dzvene Jordan. KuLow- runosvika uye avo vari nzvimbo tsvene apo akaparidza Ioann Krestitel. Vabereki vake, Elizabeth naZekariya vaiva kare vari kukwegura, kana vaiva mwanakomana. Mukomana anonzi John. Vazhinji dzakawira mugove kushayiwa romuprofita nezveramangwana. Apo mambo weJudhiya, Herodhe akarayira kuurawa vose vana muBhetrehema, mai vake, Elizabeth, akanga achitiza mwanakomana wemakore maviri mugwenga kuponesa mwana wake kubva wazvakaitika. John nokukurumidza akarasikirwa vabereki vake. Aigara oga murenje, vachidya zvirimwa uye akapfeka mhuka matehwe. Paakanga ava 13, akaenda kuJorodhani, kunoudza Kwataigara pamusoro kuuya pedyo vaMesiya. Kwairi vakadirana vanhu vemumaruwa aiva pedyo. Vakateerera shoko rake rose. John akavadana kupfidza zvivi zvavo. Uye avo vakaita, muprofita Kunyudzwa "ndege Jorodhani" kubhabhatidza. Naizvozvo rwizi rukuru yakanga yorubhabhatidzo Fonts munyika yose. Ioann Predtecha akataura kuuya kwava pedyo Muponesi. Munhu wose akanga achimirira ichi.

Pakupedzisira yavaida zuva rasvika. Pamahombekombe poRwizi Holy Iisus Hristos akazviratidza ari nyore nguvo muGarirea muvezi. Hapana vaivapo, kunze Mubhabhatidzi, havana kuzviziva. Mwanakomana waMwari akanga achizvininipisa, hapana akamira pakati vamwe. Akapinda mvura yaJoridhani kuzobhabhatidzwa naJohane. Azvishambidze nemvura tsvene kuti pashure kugumisa reropa Washing paKarivhari. Ndiyo nyaya bhapatidzo kutambura vanhu vakamirira Mesiya, uye vanoratidzwa kanivhasi ake Ivanova.

akaita sei basa padandemutande?

Vava nemakore anopfuura 20 basa tenzi pamusoro mufananidzo "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu." History kwezvisikwa kunonakidza wake zvikuru. Mumakore matatu apfuura pamberi yokudhirowa vakarondedzera kuti kanivhasi "Kuonekwa akamuka Kristu kuna Maria Magadharena." Asati kushanda Nyanzvi nemunyori kwave kuurayiwa zvidzidzo zvinopfuura 600. Ivanov akaramba achitsvaka prototypes pazvinhu zviri firimu pakati shamwari, Vanopfuura mumigwagwa, misika uye zvichingodaro. Mumwe mufananidzo, maererano tenzi, aifanira kumiririra nyika yose akaoma upenyu zvichaguma. Pandaishanda pamusoro painting, Ivanova kanoverengeka kushandura yepakutanga pamuviri sezvamunoita. Pano iye zvasiya kumagungano Yedzidzo kupenda. In ake senguva dzose yaingowanikwa yokudhirowa rinonyatsotaura anofananidzirwa zviso zvevanhu ichifamba dzavo manzwiro. kubudirira Great akaitawo izvozvo muchadenga uye vhoriyamu chinja. Vazhinji nguva basa iri ounyanzvi yakaitirwa Italy. Chii kunakidza, mufananidzo haana rakapera. Izvi chaitadzisa mberi chirwere maziso painter, uyewo nokuchinja maonero ake. Panoperera basa kanivhasi Ivanova vakarasikirwa nokutenda chokwadi kuti mharidzo wechitendero, vakatakura chokwadi kuburikidza unyanzvi, anogona kukonzera kuchinja murume. Asi ichi ine kanivhasi ndiwo muenzaniso dzekare monumentalism.

nzvimbo

Jira mavara chaizvo. Hunhu hazvisi shoma kuratidza pane vanhu nenhamba. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, kubata mufananidzo uri kanivhasi kuitika muPalestine. Asi nyanzvi yokudhirowa vasina mukana kushanyira ichi divi kuti hwakadzama kudzidza yezvakaita idzodzo. Kumbomira nature akanga achitsvaka kuItaly kwenguva refu. Uye akakwanisa kumuwana. Kwemwedzi akanga aigara anezvimiti uye backwoods munyika, kuedza recreate yezvakaita Holy Land mubasa ravo. With zvakarurama zvinoshamisa, expressiveness uye realism inoratidza tenzi wake. Pano uye yakaoma matombo bani uye makomo yebhuruu maumi ari nechokure, uye pamahombekombe erwizi chitsvene, vashoma vane miti uye minzwa. Hazvina kunoshamisa chii chinoshamisa ruvara anofambidzana Ivanov yakawanikwa pano. "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu" - Mufananidzo zvechokwadi rounyanzvi. Zvinoita sokuti tenzi dzakapendwa ine mumakwenzi, pamucheto wezasi wenzeve raiva zuva. Saka zvose zviri mairi ndiye chiedza, inobwinya, nomufaro.

Description of mufananidzo

Ari nechekumberi iri boka emifananidzo vevaJudha, vakange vauya kuna mvura Holy River kuteerera muparidzi John, kucheneswa zvitadzo uye kuzobhabhatidzwa naye. Kune vanhu akasiyana vemazera, makirasi munzanga uye zvitendero. simba sei kusiyana vaJudha anofananidzirwa pamufananidzo, saka siyana uye manzwiro nezviso zvavo. Munhu akatarisa Johani zvakanyanya uye kufara pamberi kuuya kwaMesiya, munhu - ane chokwadi achinyemwerera uye kusavimbana, uye vamwe kunyange hasha uye noruvengo. Ari mufananidzo "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu," yokudhirowa akaita vachiratidzwa dzakawanda murume wechikuru akapfuma uye muranda wake netambo muhuro make, squatting pamusoro haunches ake padivi tenzi wake akamupa nguo dzake. Dzinonyatsotiratidza pamwe pfungwa uye rudo reMuporofita kuteerera Muranda. Ndokumutarira, imi muri chokwadi chokuti muranda ichava chimwe chezvinhu zamu vatsigiri chiKristu. Akadaro simba pfungwa anobudiswa pashoko rake Baptist. Kuti rutendo chitsva, maererano tenzi, aiunza pamwechete vanhu makirasi siyana.

Next kumuporofita ndivo vapostori: zvechikadzi dzvuku-haired jaya iri dzvuku jasi uye yero nguo Ioann Bogoslov uye ndachena Bearded mutana mune rima muorivhi jasi ane kufunga chiso Andrew. Izvi ramangwana vadzidzi uye vateveri vaKristu, kuti mushure mekumuka kwoMuponesi vachava kuudza vanhu vepasi upenyu vaMesiya. Imomo revanhu Baptist vechikoro uye vanonzi "vanopikisa". Uyu murume wechiduku ane chiso chakanaka, nenzwi dema ndebvu. Akanga sekubvunda wakaputirwa yebhuruu-nyoro refu zvomukati. anozvininipisa ake. Zvaanoita chiso chake anoratidza kusatenda uye chokwadi pamusoro yakarurama hwemuporofita. Chechipiri "vasina chokwadi" - chena-Bearded mutana mune rima nejasi. Anoteerera nokungwarira mashoko John. Zvichida ichi ndicho vaHedheni vaiuya kuzonzwa kuparidza kuti Muponesi kuuya uye vasingatendi zvishamiso. Kuruboshwe kwavo ichifananidzwa mutana Kuvimba rutanda, uye takashama jaya. Vanongouya azvishambidze mvura rwaJodhani uye ikozvino Pakuumbwa achitarisa John.

Kurudyi reMuporofita ari boka revanhu vane meso ari kuuya kwaKristu kure. Pakati pavo vane utsinye kuvapristi vakuru nevanyori muparidzi. Vatsigiri kutenda yekare. zviso zvavo zvinogona kuverengwa nezvavasingadi zvedzidziso itsva, uye kutonhora kusafarira kuitika, uye kusavimbana uye kunyange hasha chaidzo. Izvi zvinoonekwa kunyanya zvakajeka Chiso yekare chomunhu pamwe risingafadzi gobvu mhino. Ari vanoratidzwa profile. Upenyu uye inotevera mukufambisira nechekumberi. Izvi hafu-kupfeka jaya inoyerera dzvuku bvudzi. muviri wake uye maziso akatendeukira kuna Kristu. Aimutevera ndivo vanonzi "kwapera" - mukomana uye baba vake. Ivo chete akananga mumvura yorwizi matsvene kubhabhatidzwa. Nokutya uye rudo vanoteerera mashoko John. mufananidzo wavo wose kunoratidza kuda kubvuma chitendero chitsva uye vanodavira kwaMesiya. Next, boka kuona Roman mapoka akatuma pano kutevedza nzira, vakadzi, penitent mu maroon bhachi. Chii kunakidza, somunhu anoti nokuda mufananidzo akaipa akaita shamwari yakanaka Ivanova - Nikolai Gogol. Mufananidzo "Kuonekwa Kristu kuti vanhu" pachena kurondwa zvakafanana pamusoro munyori mukuru kumeso uye unhu. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka pazuva yokunyora nokudhirowa kusvika kanivhasi.

Mufananidzo Ioanna Krestitelya

Maererano neBhaibheri, nguva yakawanda yaaipedza ari muporofita mugwenga, akapfeka kwematehwe, kudya zvinomera uye kugadzirira chipenyu vakarurama kure vanhu. Pano uye kupenda "Kuonekwa Kristu navanhu, manyorero iro rinogona kurondedzerwa se zvedzidzo realism, Ioann Krestitel anofananidzwa refu mehamburamakaka pamwe refu vhudzi, randomly runoyerera kubva pamafudzi uye ndebvu. Ane akacheneruka mutete chiso, maziso mungarava, achivaratidza iye somurume, mazuva mazhinji hwakapedzerwa oga uye radevshego kuti njodzi vanhu. Ari akapfeka makushe ganda uye chiedza-mavara jasi zvinonyadzisa nyaya. maoko Strong netsoka, yakakwirira akangwara huma, zvakaoma kutarisa kusarudza vanoti pamusoro simba Mubhabhatidzi yomukati. He anotaura kuti vanhu vari munhu nomufananidzo, sezvakanga zvokuratidza dzine mabwe, yakaoma mubani. Zviri Iisus Hristos pachake - Mesiya, vateveri akamirirwa kwenguva refu reMuporofita. Muruoko rwake rworuboshwe Mubhabhatidzi ndiye muchinjikwa - chiratidzo kutenda chitsva. Mutsindo chiratidzo John, ake chiso chedu vanoti pamusoro rwaakanga asangana Mesiya akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu kufara uye rinofadza.

Mufananidzo Kristu

The nechepakati chirungamutauro murwiyo yatovapo Ioann Krestitel. Asi Muponesi anofananidzirwa nechokure. Asi Artist ichi hazvirevi zvitadzise kukosha yayo zvinonyatsorehwa sezvamunoita. Ari mufananidzo "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu," munyori zvipo Mesiya somunhu pachena nguo. Asi zvose izvozvo anopa "Mwanakomana waMwari" uye umambo gait uye asinganzwisisiki hurukuro pamusoro zvavakaita, achisiyanisa pamwe rehurukuro yamakomo ... The Fafitera zvakaoma kuona chiso Muponesi. Ndezvipi nemanzwiro payo anoratidza? Kunenge kuti rine zvose: norunyararo uye noumambo, mufaro uye rudo ... Silhouette waKristu anotaurisa, asi Blurred uye kujeka. Iye anotakura chisinganzwisisike uye kutadza kunyatsonzwisiswa navanachiremba. Ichi kunyanya Pfungwa munyori mufananidzo. Iye anoratidzwa Mesiya nenzira iyi nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Chekutanga, aizoda pfungwa kwete pachiso uye mufananidzo Muponesi, uyo akauya pano panyika kuti vanhu vasununguke pachivi, uye siyana vanhu kuti nekuzarurirwa kwaJesu. Uye chepiri Christianity choga apo vaJudha Sokuti chokusaroora uye pata sublimely.

Kuongororwa mufananidzo "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu"

Voruzhinji havana kunzwisisa yemunyori chinangwa, zvakadzama kwouzivi zvinoreva kuri muna chigadzirwa. Saka, basa the artist unobvumidza pakutanga inotonhorera chaizvo. Vateereri inoshandiswa kuona chero Genre ounyanzvi heroism, mune chero chimiro zvingaita kumiririra. Pano tenzi vanoratidzwa vanhu chaivo avo manzwiro chaiwo. Nokuti vanhu yaiva maturo! Izvi kupenda vanhu havana kuona. Vangani manzwiro akasiyana uye manzwiro anogona kuva munhu, vachigadzirira chiitiko muupenyu hwako - ndizvo Ndaida kuratidza mubasa rake Ivanova. "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu" - mufananidzo-korona basa rake. Great pahwaro wakadhirowewa pano ake runonzwisisa vanhu wepfungwa. Mumwe gamba nziyo dzake - nyika yose manzwiro, manzwiro, manzwiro. Kutarisa mifananidzo upi hunhu, unogona kufungidzira nyore kwete chete chii murume uyu anogara, nezvaanazvo mukirasi uye chitendero, asi chii chiri nyika yake yomukati, chii chinovakurudzira. Pakutanga basa iri tenzi kupenda vakachera nyaya yomuBhaibheri. Asi pakupera kwayo aifanira pamusoro yaibvira chitendero kuti kuchinja, kuberekwazve murume. Next aida nokunyora chete tsinga, asi pasina kuenda kuna Gospel, uye inoratidza pfungwa nemanzwiro evanhu nguva yake kunyika yokumusha kwake. Chinhu tsitsi kuti aisagona kuzviita. Akanga urwere pakarepo chakakomba. Asi zvikuru basa iri rakanga airidza uye ruvengo uye noruvengo, iyo wokutanga akatora pachena basa rake.

Njodzi mufananidzo

Muna 1857, basa iri rakakura kanivhasi rakapera. The kukura mufananidzo vari achirova: 540 X 750 masendimita Muna 1858, Ivanova anosarudza kuenda St. Petersburg kupa munhu Nyanzvi ruzhinji.. The mari kutakurwa pamwero mukuru mabasa ounyanzvi akapa mari Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. Exhibition emifananidzo "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu", uye vose zvidzidzo yokunyora nokudhirowa nokuti kwakaitika meruvanze Academy of Arts Akanaka. Inonzwisisika tinyatsonzwisisa basa iwe hauna kugamuchira. Zviremera vakasangana ayo akanaka muchitonhorera. Asi pamusoro yavose chiitiko akaita simba pfungwa. Progressive vanhu iyoyo vachibvumirana kuzivikanwa munyori mifananidzo Pazvinhu Artist akawana nzira itsva kupenda. Mavhiki nhanhatu mushure pashoo Ivanova akarwara nekorera uye akafa. Kwapera maawa mashomanana Emperor Alexander II akatenga mufananidzo kuti 15,000 rubles - rebei Nemutengo mumazuva iwayo. Akauya naye chipo Rumyantsev Museum weguta St. Petersburg. Nokuti yakakura kudaro kanivhasi yakanga yabuda munechimwewo kwetende. Muna 1925 iri Rumyantsev Museum, vakatamira kuMoscow, yaiva emauto akadzingwa mabasa. Iri basa ounyanzvi hwakatamisirwa State Tretyakov Gallery. Muna 1932 pane yakavakwa imwe yoga mukamuri Lavrushinsky Lane chakadaro pamwero mukuru pamatende. Hezvinoi nanhasi. Muguta St. Petersburg panguva State Russian Museum ane zveBhaibheri zvakawanda uye zvitatu yokunyora nokudhirowa nokuda mufananidzo.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

• Mufananidzo uyu - munyori nomushumo nokuda nehurumende mudyandigere muItaly. Munyika ino womufananidzo akatumwa 4 Makore kuvandudza unyanzvi. By sezvaaidya 20 makore ave akakwanisa ruoko kuti "internship" Alexander Ivanova. "Kuonekwa Kristu vanhu" - mufananidzo, pamusoro raakashandisa.
• Mumwe nenhamba kupendwa ne vanatenzi kubva Nikolai Gogol. Uyu ndomumwe bathers yaiva pedyo Kristu. On huru kanivhasi nepaburi oneka kufanana. Asi yokunyora nokudhirowa nokuda painting, izvozvo pachena.
• Mutana kuruboshwe ari akapfeka chena loincloth. In zvinoratidza piece zvipfeko ichi rinowanika dzvuku.
• Near Ioanna Krestitelya inoratidza muranda ari mutema bhachi. Chiso chake chakanga girini. Izvi zvinonyatsooneka mune yokunyora nokudhirowa nokuda mufananidzo.
• Pakati nziyo iri nechepakati boka manhamba mufambi zvakajeka zvinoonekwa netsvimbo iri rakafara-akazara ngowani pfumbu. Nenzira iyi yokudhirowa kuratidzwa pachake.
• Just mavhiki pashure nokuzvininipisa kwedu ruzhinji vanhu mufananidzo "Kuonekwa Kristu kuvanhu," Alexander Ivanov akanga aenda. The okupedzisira oupenyu hwake vakazara kunyadziswa uye mwoyo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti haana kugamuchira muripo akavimbisa kuti basa. Art vadikani vakatsoropodza izvozvo. Pashure munyori afa, mambo nenyasha akamupa Order of St. Vladimir, ndokutenga mufananidzo kuti mari yakawanda mumazuva iwayo.