Kamchatka rinoputika Sheveluch: Basic Information

Shiveluch ndiye nechokumusoro vanoshingaira gomo iri Kamchatka, uye mumwe pakukura Peninsula. The dhayamita pamusoro chawo chiri makiromita makumi mashanu. Inoitwa sokunge kuti zvikamu zviviri - the Old uye Young Shiveluch.

Kukura yekare rinoputika

Old Kamchatka rinoputika Shiveluch ari stratovolcano. Iye akapeta zvinonyadzisa-grained zvinhu, izvo interbedded pamwe dhaka. It korona munhu wechisikigo marongerwo Caldera chikuru dhayamita inova pfumbamwe makiromita. Panguva yake zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa, kukwirira wavo zvichisiyana mazana metres kusvika rimwe nehafu makiromita munzvimbo huru yepamusoro. In nedanho inotungamirwa wayo kubva pasi akakandwa pamusoro makumi matanhatu cubic makiromita ane pyroclastic zvinhu kuti rapararira pamusoro munzvimbo nokururamisira guru: anouya mubhedha Kamchatka River uye mberi.

Encombrements duku kuputika

Panguva pasi Caldera pedyo okumusoro-yokumadokero pamupendero ndiye gotwe rinoputika Sheveluch. It chinomiririrwa akawanda fused extrusive domes (Double, Suelich, Central nevamwe) zvidiki dhaka Rwako, vane andesite uye andezitodatsitovy nziyo. The dhayamita zvitsigiro ndiwo paumbwe makiromita manomwe. Muna 1964 makanga ari kuputika kuputika Sheveluch, semubairo simba kuputika, domes izvi vakaparadzwa anenge zvachose, uye rakakura mwena miviri rakaumbwa panzvimbo yavo. dhayamita Its akanga 1,7 makiromita kuchamhembe uye 2 makiromita nechokumaodzanyemba. Kuputika akakandwa kubva pakadzika zvinhu, inova jasi hwakasimba rakachengetedzwa kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yakatenuka, pakukwanisa kwayo - kubva imwe makumi mashanu mamita. Nhau yaiva pamusoro mazana mativi makiromita, uye uwandu - hafu cubic kiromita. Muna 1980, nechokuchamhembe ari mwena yazova chitsva chimiro extrusive rising randinogara andesite. Kukura dzidzo ichi kuramba nhasi. Ari achiperekedzwa kuputika siyana simba. Chinonyanya rinoita kudzvinya rising zvakaitika muna 1993. Ipapo akatora dzinenge nharaunda yose kuchamhembe mwena.

Nhoroondo kwaita rinoputika

Pasina vakaomerwa zvataurwa mamiriro, rinoputika Sheveluch anonzi kuputika hurongwa boka Somma-reVesuvius. inotungamirwa Ndicho kupfuura chivako ichi mhando. The chidzoke uye kukura dzemabota, Vanodzidza zvichipomerwa chakaitika panguva Upper Pleistocene, anenge zviuru makumi manomwe apfuura. The zvakakura nemafashamo kwemakomo kuitika zvikamu zana - makore mazana matatu. The wokupedzisira kwakaitika muna 1854 uye 1964, ndiro, penguva makore 110. simba svikiro uye simba kwemakomo kuitika kakawanda, ivo kazhinji pamwe kukura extrusive domes. Izvi kwakacherechedzwa panguva.

General mashoko: apo rinoputika Sheveluch?

By uremu uye vhoriyamu igneous zvinogadzirwa maitikiro simba kwemakomo zvinhu kubviswa zvazvingava zvakasikirwa inotungamirwa ndechimwe chezvinhu yakasiyana kuputika Kamchatka uye Kuriles. chiito ichi yekare Geological chinhu - rimwe pakukura Peninsula. Sheveluch yaiva makumi masere makiromita kuchamhembe Klyuchevskoy. It iri pamusoro Kamchatka rwizi, pakati kutambanuka kuti vakawanda makiromita ane pamapani, akafukidza anezvimiti. Kana yokudhirowa asati nezvevaKristu muchimiro dzinongoitika chinhu vakatadzira upenyu, zvakaipa mutana, ipapo zvisikwa uchatorei Shiveluch. Uyu chihombe dzinongoitika chinhu, ina conical idzodzo dzakasiyana kwemarudzi uye zera, furrowed dzemipata, craters uye kukundikana, izvo ariko nezviuru zvemakore, achiri anoramba kuputika nguva nenguva unopfuurira kuputika, achiparadza zvose upenyu.

vanoumba zvikamu

Pashure paumbwe chikuru cône dzemabota somugumisiro kukundikana uye kuputika ari kumaodzanyemba kwaiva paumbwe rakakura Caldera. Inside, paiva wechidiki cone. Gare gare muna chikuru Caldera akasimuka mumwe Caldera-mwena. It vakaparadza chikamu muduku cone. Pano panzvimbo ino, sendarama dzisinganyatsooneki, uye akatanga kutora nzvimbo raitevera kuputika. Hwakawanda huripo rekare cône anonzi "nhamba huru", ndicho yakakwirira Geological chinhu. A cône muduku anonzi "mwena pamusoro". Shiveluch kukwirira panguva yakakwirira iri 3.335 metres, uye vechiduku chikamu - 2700 mamita.

Nhoroondo kwemakomo

Kuputika dzemabota musi Kamchatka Sheveluch ndiye putika. Muzana remakore rapfuura, choutsi yakaitika muna 1925, 1944, 1950, 1964. Wokupedzisira kuputika raiva pfupi chaizvo, asi simba zvikuru. Somugumisiro ane putika gore ikakwiridzirwa pamusoro pyatnadtsatikilometrovuyu pakakwirira uye akatamira nenzira penyanza. ukobvu Its kunoramba kucheka yakajeka mheni. The yose nzvimbo kumabvazuva rinoputika, kusvikira Ust-Kamchatsk uye mberi, akanga mukusanzwisisa rima. An zvikuru vakawanda vakapfurwa dombo rakanga vabudiswa on 15-kiromita kure, zviri akafuka gobvu rukoko ivhu kuti nzvimbo yakasvika kakawanda makumi mamita. All pamakwenzi uye masango vakanga kana kuvigwa kana kupiswa zvose zvipenyu akasagona mberi kutiza kana achibhururuka, vakaurayiwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti shiri dzakawanda uye mhuka vanogona kuratidza nzira kudengenyeka kwenyika uye kuputika kwemakomo: kambaira kubva burrows that dzavo, vari kutanga kuratidza hanya, kutsvaka kubva musha. Saka, mashoko aiparadza kuputika dzemabota Sheveluch pakurukurwa zvizivikanwe nemichina kufamba muna November 1964, iro rakatanga mwedzi pamberi choutsi pachavo. kuchinyanya zvavo zvose kunowedzera roga zuva. Uye mazuva maviri asati kuputika nhamba yakasvika vanopfuura zana rimwe zuva. Sezvo zvakanaka vaiita panguva mhuka?

Stories vekare-timers

Hezvino kuti munharaunda muvhimi A. Chudinov (panguva akanga makore gumi namapfumbamwe okuberekwa). Nokuti mazuva maviri kana matatu asati kuputika aigona kuonekwa hombe uye Hazviwanzoitika Kuchinja runotsigira kubva kuruboshwe norwizi kurudyi kumahombekombe Kamchatka mumupata. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti muna November, zvose mhuka akarara kuhwanda, asi fungidziro nezvedambudziko njodzi vakamanikidzwa kuti kusiya inodziya mumapako adzo navanhu uye kuenda nzara uye kuchitonhora munguva yechando musango kwavari. Panguva imwe chete, kurudyi pamahombekombe yekudyidzana zvakawedzera uwandu nedzimwe mhuka dzakadai tsuro, makava. Kunenge ivo akatamira kubva Shiveluch.

Just kukwanisa nemaziso kuchengeta yakawedzera zvizivikanwe nemichina basa chete pamberi pakatanga nezvirwere. Saka, maererano nyaya kuvagari Mazano, yaiva zvakanaka pamusoro pegungwa, zvakaonekwa pamusoro pemvura hombe, dziva ice-akafukidzwa Kurchazhnoe akarara mhiri koRwizi, yava vakapfuura yaitevedzana mafungu.

Pashure kuputika 1964 chete fumarolic basa iri musi SHEVELUCH. Volcano pacharo ari munzvimbo dzakaoma, shanyirai ake mashoma nzendo.

2014 ndipo

Mangwanani June 1, 2014 rinoputika Sheveluch akaita simba dota kuputika. kukwirira kwaro kwakasvika makiromita anopfuura manomwe. Uyezve plume akatanga kunyenga takarerekera kumabvazuva kurutivi Kamchatsky bay. Nhasi, ichi Geological zvinhu dzavakatumirwa Code Orange (kupfuura ngozi). Basa raro vakatanga kuwedzera muna 2009, panguva ino pamusoro aumba mumukaha kudzama mamita 30. Inobva kuwedzera zvizivikanwe nemichina basa, masayendisiti akakwevera mhedziso kuti panguva iyoyo iri "kugadzirira" mumwe Kuputika simba Shiveluch.