Kanban - chii? The musimboti dzakaonda kugadzira

Kanban - chii? Zvinofadza mashoko chine kanban kadhi, uye chii basa nzira anoita pakuburitswa? Munyaya ino tichashandisa kutsanangura mitemo inoshanda Implementation kuti kanban zvose, uye kupa zvakajeka Zano chokuita mepu kuti muenzaniso chaiwo. Uyezve, pashure pokuongorora zvinhu uchadzidza chii chinodiwa kanban puranga, umo nharaunda, kunze kurima, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa nzira iyi, uye rinogona kuva vakanaka pane izvozvo.

Musimboti pfungwa uye chikuru zvaidiwa nzira

Nhasi tinogona kuchengeta rakajeka uderedze kuwedzera mutengo pokuzviunganidzira uwandu, inova chikonzero chikuru kuti paumbwe zvivako "nguva imwe" utariri, hunoreva kanban hurongwa. In Japanese, "Kanban" rinoreva "Tag", "kuvake". Shoko iri nzira paakaudza, achishandisa dzakapiwa mvumo, kana rairatidza kugadzirwa kana kubviswa (kuchinjwa) ane muedzo hurongwa.

The chipo musimboti unobvumidza kuti anunure ruzivo kuti zvakazara ishande dzakaonda kugadzira mitsara nokushandisa makadhi mashoko kuparadzira chaiyo kuti kugadzira wakatevera Danho kuna yapfuura.

Developer sezvo zvibereko hurongwa ndiye Toyota Motors, akapa pfungwa achitsanangura kuti mumwe wokutanga kuedza anobatsira Implementation pamusoro nzira "panguva yakakodzera." Kanban marongedzero kugadzirwa rinoitwa maererano inotevera mutemo: ebhizimusi zviumbu vari kusvitsa mune imwe mari zviwanikwa uye nenguva zvakakodzera kuzadzisa hurongwa zvakajeka.

Details acho

The Zano akauya Nzira zvikuru nyore, izvozvo zvakadaro ine vakarongeka chaizvo nezvainoita kurongwa kugadzirwa kwacho. Pashure nerubatsiro zvebhizimisi vezvikwata zviri zvekuvaka noruremekedzo, akaita hwakadzama kukarukureta pakati zvaida uwandu basa mberi, izvo zvinofanira kugamuchirwa zvakananga kubva Penultimate Danho (ndiro kuti Finished chigadzirwa ukuwo, ndicho chokupedzisira danho pakuitika). Saizvozvowo, chikumbiro Penultimate danho kuti kumashure danho chairo Vhoriyamu intermediates.

Saka, kutambudzwa kugadzirwa nenzira imwe nzvimbo achiumbwa maererano nezvaidiwa inotevera kugadzirwa rwakazara. Hazvina musoro kuti pakati mumatanho maviri kugadzirwa kwacho, riri pasuo rinotevera, vakaisa miviri kubatana mhando:

1. Tiine N-fung Danho iri N-1 ari akakumbira ( "kudhonzwa") anodiwa uwandu basa mberi.
2. Tiine N-1-fung pavaipfuura N-fung gwara pfuma zvinhu hunhu zvakarurama uwandu.

mashoko chinja Ezvemutauro

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kanban - chii zvinofanira kunzwisiswa, kuti nhumbi kutapurirana mashoko munyika dzinokosha makadhi, izvo dzinoiswa muzvikwata zviviri:

1. Tools kuti chokuita kugadzirwa kuti zvakananga. In mhando iyi makadhi pakutanga inoratidza uwandu zvikamu kuti inofanira kuitwa panguva yapfuura pavaipfuura kugadzirwa kwacho. Vanoenda N-fung pavaipfuura kweShanduro N-1 dariro uye vanoshumira se chikuru chikonzero kukura kugadzirwa purogiramu munzvimbo idzi.
2. kusarudzwa Ezvemutauro mashoko sezvo kusvika zvaifanira kuitwa zvinhu zvakasikwa zvedu (pano zvinosanganisira Semi-dzapedza zvigadzirwa, zvinhu, zvinoriumba, etc.) kuti vari kutorwa yapfuura padanho gungano. mhando iyi kadhi vanoratidza zvekuvaka mari, pamusoro chionekeso N-fung pavaipfuura kugadzirwa kwacho kubva N-1 July.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kadhi zvinogona kutenderedza kwete chete chokuita zvebhizimisi iri revadzidzi kwezvivako, asi pakati awo kana makambani kuti kutsigira kubatsirana.

Vakarongeka kushandiswa kanban - chii?

Taiichi Ohno, purezidhendi Toyota Motor Corporation, kwakasimbiswa chine pfungwa dzinoita zvikuru vakarongeka kushandiswa kanban:

• Tevera kushanda mune rusarura maindasitiri basa anorega vhoriyamu zvikamu, akati kadhi, kubva yapfuura oparesheni.
• Manufacturing oparesheni, vari pamberi, maererano pakusikwa zvidimbu vari uwandu uye kutevedzana kane imwe kadhi.
• Hapana mashoko zvokuti inogona akasikwa asina kadhi. Urongwa Izvi zvinoita kuti rutapudzo kuti overproduction, uyewo kunyanya kufambira zvigadzirwa. Saka, bhuku makadhi, kugara dzaivapo, yakaenzana kufadza nhamba mumatanda.
• Card - yakaronga kugadzira chigadzirwa (chinokosha chero nyaya wanamatira kune runoenzanirana kadhi).
• Parts kuva chakaremara hazvigoni kune haizopereri muitiro. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokubudiswa zvikuru kuremara isina zvigadzirwa.
• Kuderedza uwandu makadhi kunowedzera nehanya kwavo. Saka, kubuda raivapo matambudziko uye kuitwa zvinobudirira kudzora uwandu.

Zvakakurukurwa kushanda kadhi

Somugumisiro, Kanban utariri rinoitwa mune muenzaniso chaiwo, unosanganisira kushandiswa dzinokosha makadhi. Saka, mukufamba kwavo kushandiswa anofanira zvakazara chinozoiswa zvinodiwa kuti Mhedziso kuchengeteka uye kunonyanyisa maonero wegadziriro, zvachose zvachose kurasikirwa makadhi, uyewo avo vaiitawo.

We zvakagadzira inobudirira nzira iyo kuti kumuroora kufadza zvibereko Kanban hurongwa. Board nzira iyi inoshanda senzvimbo vanoshingaira makadhi muunganidzwa, sezvaiwanzoitwa kumabasa vashandi vanoshandisa zvishandiso akawanda akasiyana. Saka, makadhi, kugara kune mugadziri, inoiswa kudzora bhodhi. Zvino achangobva akagamuchira kadhi zvokushandisa kusvika munda "kutanga", iro raora kuMudzidzisi chikamu nhamba makadhi akapfuura kuti mberi Implementation ari kugadzirwa kwacho.

Zvakanakira kushandisa kanban nzira - chii?

Mabhizimisi kushandisa CANBAN hurongwa rinoitwa zuva nerubatsiro pfuma (uye kazhinji kanoverengeka pazuva). Kunoitawo kuti zvakazara dzifambirane ari inventories kweinenge 100-300 nguva mugore. Kana tikaenzanisa pamwe kanban hurongwa hwakadai MRP kana MAP, panyaya iyi vari yoku- vangasvika 10 nguva kakawanda.

Ko akakodzera kanban mienzaniso iwe nzira, kudura ayo Mhedziso paanopfuura vamwe, zvishoma zvibereko. Saka, Toyota Motors Corporation rimwe zvakawanda munzvimbo okuwana muna 1976, unokupai zvinhu katatu pazuva, uye muna 1983 - kare maminitsi gumi nerimwe.

Kanban inowanzoshandiswa muzvitoro (kunyanya kuumbwa kuti hunde ichi). Saka, mutengi anotumira kuti Supermarket kanban selection, iyo inoti, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chitsama chigadzirwa, uye Supermarket anohupa kutaura nhamba zvinhu. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita anotumira kusvikira Supermarket kurutivi nokutengesa kanban replenishment, pashure izvo nokutengesa anotumira zvigadzirwa ari Supermarket.

The chikuru zvinhu nzira

Chinonyanya kukosha zvinoumba ari kanban mamiriro ndeinotevera:

1. Information yakaoma, rine mu nechivako yayo kwete chete makadhi, asiwo machati kurimwa, chokufambisa kana resupply mhando uye kwesayenzi nemunhu mepu.
2. Zvakaoma kuva rakananga chokuita kuzvidzora zvinodiwa uye kutenderera runotaura nenyanzvi.
3. Complex, vachibvumira ezvidzidzo yezvisikwa (TQM) uye haangotongi ( "Jidoka") chigadzirwa unhu kuzvidzora.
4. The akaoma riri kuita zvachose inogara kugadzirwa.

Nechipiriso zvinhu zvaishandiswa pavanoparidza, anogona kuzadzisa pfupi zvinoita kugadzirwa inaye, mukuru-pamwero turnover kuita (t. H. Inventory) uyewo kubvisa kana kutungamirira kushoma okuchengetera mari zvose kugadzirwa uye uwandu , uye, chokwadi, kuzadzisa soro chigadzirwa unhu nechimwe nzendo kugadzirwa kwacho.

Zvazvakashatira maitiro uye ahwo

Kungofanana budiriro maitiro "panguva yakakodzera" hwakapiwa nevamwe downsides. Chekutanga, ndicho kuoma kuronga mukuru-sandara Kufambisa pakati nzendo kugadzirwa ane chigadzirwa.

Chechipiri - chinokosha nedambudziko kukundikana pagadzirwe kwacho, ukuwo, uye okutengesa mishonga. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko akakwana kuongorora tsika dzakawanda pamusoro kushandiswa nzira iyi yakaratidza kuti ino runoita kuderedza inventories nepakati, uye zvokutengeserana - ne 8%, ane chinokosha kumhanyisa pakati turnover yokushanda guru uye, chokwadi, chekunatsiridza Finished chigadzirwa.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kushandisa kanban asingadi kupera kugadzirwa rikurumidze. Saka, mamiriro ezvinhu ari kushingaira kushandiswa muhofisi uye chirongwa mabasa, zvirongwa (pane yose zvakawanda kanban kukura), uyewo kuti vawane pachako zvabuda (pachake mhando kanban).