Kaviri Hero of Soviet Union Makarov Oleg Grigorevich: Biography, kubudirira uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Unyanzvi munhu, nyanzvi, yakakurumbira magadzirirwo injiniya, cosmonaut Oleg Grigorevich Makarov chinhu honorary mugari weguta vatatu inoti: Yakutsk (Russian Federation), Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan) uye Rivne (Ukraine). Kutanga basa rake rakaenderana gore, izvo vaiona kutanga nguva nzvimbo kudziongorora. Maiva muna 1957, Soviet Union yakatanga yokutanga munyika chakagadzirwa Satellite. Uye panguva kwakatangira chiitiko ichi chinokosha chaiva ipapo muduku uye vasingazivikanwi Makarov Oleg Grigorevich.

Biography

Awards uyu vakawanda. Akanga kaviri Hero of Soviet Union: muna 1973 uye 1978. Oleg Grigorevich Makarov akaberekwa ari wechitanhatu January 1933 muna Tver mudunhu Udomlya duku mumusha woruwa chete. baba vake aiva serviceman, uye naizvozvo, murwendo vanowanzotambura vakatamira nzvimbo nenzvimbo. Paakanga oda manomwe nemakore, mhuri yake vakatamira Moldova, uko kwakanga pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II. Amai vane Oleg duku vakatanga anobviswa muna Saratov, ipapo mu Fergana, Uzbekistan. Kubva 1943 kusvika 1945 vaigara Tver mudunhu mumusha Kesova Gora. Pashure pehondo, baba vake vakatamira neWeimar Germany. Ikoko Makarov Oleg Grigorevich taigara yake kubva muna 1945 kusvika 1949-ndipo. mhuri neWeimar vakatamira Ukrainian kuguta Rivne. Pano muna 1951, mukomana uye vakaipedza nechegumi chikoro kugiredhi.

youth

Makore School Oleg Makarov kwakaitika muhondo yakaoma uye pashure pehondo makore. Kakawanda mufambe isingagarwi nzvimbo jaya aifanira kuramba vajaire ezvinhu matsva uye kudzidzisa zvirongwa, vakasiya mucherechedzo wavo hunhu hwake. Asi muna 1951, apo upenyu uye mamiriro ezvemari mhuri Makarov zvakawanda kana zvishoma vakadzokera dzose, vabereki vakapa mwanakomana wake kugara Rivne uye ipapo kuenda kukoreji.

Study muna Baumanke

Asi vatotanga tsika hwakasimba jaya akati muchisarudzo chake. Makarov Oleg Grigorevich akasarudza nzira yakaoma zvikuru. Akasarudza kuenda kuMoscow uye kupinda akakwirira tehuchilische pavo. Bauman. mukomana chikoro ichi chakakwirira vakadzidza kubva vakuru vaishumira pamwe baba vake.

In guru, Oleg akasangana namainini vake. Eugene panguva aidzidzira wokupedzisira pagore mei. Mukomana akabatsira mukoma wake kumativi muguta yausingazivi kuti.

Kuvamba nyanzvi basa

The jaya akapinda yunivhesiti uye zvakanaka kudzidzwa. dhipuroma ake vanohuita kwakaitika OKB-1, vakazochinja akanga hunonyatsobatana Biography ake. Oleg Makarov pashure kudzidza kusekondari nenzira kwave basa kunyatsoreva musangano uyu injiniya.

Zvinenge zvose basa rake basa kwakaitika musangano. The akakurumbira Magadzirirwo Bureau inotungamirirwa pachake, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Iye pakarepo aifarira Makarov.

Oleg G. akashanda pamusoro pokumuka chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo midziyo injiniya mugadziriro, akatora chimwe chinhu mubasa pasi uye kutiza nemiedzo. Ndiye co-munyori Mushumo pakusika Satellite paNyika pamwe cosmonaut mundege. Makarov akatora zvakananga chikamu muitiro kuva Conceptual akaitwa munhu aigarira "Vostok", uyezve, akarayira basa kuvandudzika muchikepe. Nhasi kune vanhu vashoma, wokutanga ndege muchadenga asati akakwanisa kuita zvakawanda muchadenga, sezvo Oleg G ..

Jobs in ouinjiniya yokuzviparadzanisa

The akagadzirwa cosmonauts yakatanga muna 1960. Muboka rokutanga vaiva vafambisi vezvikepe chete nemauto. Nzvimbo dzaishandiswa mune Moscow mudunhu, panzvimbo nhasi unoshanda Cosmonaut Training Center. Zvaiva imomo kuti mutaundi duku yakavakwa, anozivikanwa munyika sezvo Star. Gare gare zvakatora kubhururuka uye zvikuru unyanzvi mainjiniya. Somugumisiro, zvakanzi yakaumbwa rimwe boka. Chaiva mainjiniya, muchadenga kunoongorora uye cosmonauts-vatsvakurudzi. With kuropafadza Queen iri kukupfura pashure kuongorora zvakaoma chaizvo wezvokurapa rakanyorwa muna 1966 uye Makarov Oleg Grigorevich - the asitironati, uyo akanga kuenda yakaoma chaizvo uye pachinzvimbo refu regadziriro nguva asati hope yake dzichibhururuka rusingaperi zvose ikazara.

mwedzi chirongwa

Kubvira muna 1967 Makarov kusvika 1968, pamwe chete A. Mazura paaigadzirira nendege kumwedzi. Asi haana kutora nzvimbo. Lunar chirongwa yakavharwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka, mukuru pakati maiva zvombo kwokuputsika panguva kanda yavo unmanned. Zvaisava kuti achibhururuka Makarova panguva Dos-2 - kwenguva chechitima.

Wokutanga nzvimbo bvunzo

Makarova hope kuti napadare haana kuva kusvikira 1973. Chete pagore ramakumi mana gore Oleg G. akaita ndege yayo yokutanga. Akanga ari muchadenga kwemazuva matatu (27-29 September). The vashandi chaiva vanhu vaviri: a Makarov - nendege injiniya kuti chitundumusere-musere "Soyuz-12" uye Lazareva. ndege iyi, inonzi dzakawanda inokosha. Chokwadi aiva wokutanga pashure Tsaona muna 1971, muchikepe cosmonauts V. Volkov, G. Dobrovolsky uye V. Patsaeva mundege.

Makarov uye Vladimir Lazarev aifanira kutarisa zvose zvakagadzirwa zvisarudzo uye kuti michina kuvandudzika, uyewo nekusangana ichangoburwa masutu. Flight dzaguma zvinobudirira. Nokuti heroism uye ushingi Makarov Oleg Grigorevich akanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union.

tsaona

ichi vashandi rakatevera ndege akapotsa kwaguma norufu. Wechishanu April 1975 chitundumuseremusere pamwe Makarov uye Lazarev Tawonekana zvinobudirira kubva Baikonur kanda nzvimbo. Zvisinei, kana anoiswa mukati muchadenga kwakaitika kukurumidzirwa. Zvino panguva iyo chitundumusere-musere rakanga pasi ari pakakwirira anenge mazana maviri makiromita. Sezvineiwo, akaparirwa nechimbichimbi kununura hurongwa. Somugumisiro, kubva muchadenga kunoongorora pamusoro anoburukira Kamudzira vabudiswa. Zvinhu zvakanga nemafashamo. Muchadenga kunoongorora vakamira maviri nguva zadzisa, izvo kare hapana aifanira kuona. Zvaidavirwa kuti muviri hakusi akakodzera kuti izvozvo. Zvisinei, Oleg Grigorevich Makarov (cosmonaut), sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye VG Lazarev, akanga Wakadzidziswa basa chaizvo zvokuti aigona kutemwa. Vashandi kuti ushingi akanga paakavapa Unorudzi Lenin.

Kamwe zvaisanganisira munhau non-dzevanhu bvunzo Flights rakatevera Makarova uye Lazarev vaiva mibvunzo. Zvisinei, haana kufunga kudaro, Oleg G .. chido chake chikuru uye tsika simba pamwe utano hwakanaka akwanise kuti asitironati ane mbiri nzvimbo ndege. Zvisinei, yechipiri vashandi vemo nhengo VG Lazarev akanga asisiri nidzwa.

Kufambira Mberi muchadenga ubanguranyika

Makarova akatora chinotevera kutiza muna January 1978, apo iye ari nendege injiniya pamusoro spaceship "Soyuz-27" akasvika pachiteshi kwenguva refu "Salyut-6". The vashandi aivawo V. Janibekov. Mune chiteshi vaiva muchadenga kunoongorora Romanenko uye Grechko.

nguva munhoroondo nzvimbo ubanguranyika pamusoro pedyo-Pasi muchadenga nzvimbo yakaoma zvakanaka First ikaungana ane kureba vanenge makumi matatu metres, uye uremu - matatu chete pub. Chaiva chinhambwe yemapurisa maviri aigarira chitundumusere-musere. muchadenga kunoongorora noruzivo vapedza basa ravo zvakakwana uye aiva incredible tsvakurudzo basa. Zvakanga rimwe danho kuwedzera nguva spaceflight. Saka vakatanga muitiro rakasikwa munhu nzvimbo iri huru pakutsvakurudza zvivako. Yokutizira ichi Makarov akagamuchira chechipiri menduru "Gold Star".

spaceflight ake okupedzisira Oleg G. akaita aine makore makumi mana navasere. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha rwendo ichi chaiva yokugadzirisa nayo chafariz kudzora mamiriro refu orbital yemapurisa. Duration mazuva gumi. Basa rakanga kusimba rakaoma, asi muchadenga kunoongorora kurarama nayo.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Muna 1980, Oleg G. akadzivirira chinyorwa chake nokuda mwero anoda kubhabhatidzwa sayenzi michina. Muna 1986, akanga akadzingwa nezvikonzero zvoutano kubva murayiro, rikadzokera chikuru mapurani. Mutaundi rokumusha kwake RSC "puhti", iye akabata chinzvimbo chokuva mutevedzeri mutungamiri.

With wake, Valentina Soldatovoy Oleg Grigorevich vakasangana 1960, OKB-1. Mugore iroro akaroora. Muna 1961 Vaviri akaberekwa mwana wokutanga. Pamwe vana Makarov vaviri. Muna 1998, Olegu Grigorevichu yakaitwa CDB mwoyo kuvhiyiwa, asi akanga asingagoni uzonyatsotanga. Akafa kaviri Hero of Soviet Union Makarov Oleg maviri namasere muna May 2003 panguva dacha yake kunze Moscow. Aiva nemakore makumi manomwe-chete. Oleg G. akavigwa Moscow Ostankino kumakuva.

Makarov haana kuchengeta pachedu arşive, asi mhuri yake akakwanisa kuunganidza guru mari nezvinhu uye zvakaitika navo Space Museum. Vazhinji basa rinoitwa nomudzimu navanakomana vake, achibatsirwa nevamwe kubva Bureau.