Kubata pamba pamba pane mhosva

Lobotomy chirwere chakashandiswa pakati pezana remakore rechi20 sekurapa kwekusagadzikana kwevarwere mumakiriniki epfungwa, kunyanya avo vakaisa njodzi kuvanhu. Yakanga yakarambidzwa nekuda kwekuparadza kwehupenyu hwehutano. Kazhinji haisi kuita nekuda kwechinangwa chayo, asi sechirango chechirango kana kuti kudzivirira vanhu kubva kuvanhu vasinganzwisisiki. Sezvo zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, muSoviet Union lobotomy yakarambidzwa kare pakati pemakore makumi mashanu, asi muU.SA yaive ichiitwa kusvika kuma19s. Kutaridzika, mhedziso ye lobotomy yakaratidzwa mufirimu yechitendero Flight Over the Cuckoo's Nest, yakabva mubhuku raK. Kisi risati iri pasi pechitendero.

Nzira yekuita lobotomy

Kana munhu achiparadza kana kubvisa lobes, akatadza zvachose rusununguko rwake rwekuda uye kukwanisa kuita zvisarudzo, apo mamwe ose omutambo anoshanda mumutambo wekugara, kureva kuti, munhu haarasikirwi nehupi hupi hwomuviri, asi anoramba zvachose chero zvido, zvinangwa uye Manzwiro, kunze kwezvinodiwa zvepanyama. Mukubatana neizvi, lobotomy dzimwe nguva inonzi "unhu hutsika". Migumisiro yebasa racho haigoneki.

Prefrontal lobotomy yave ichiitwa kwenguva yakareba uye kusvika iye zvino yava chikamu chenhoroondo, zvishoma nezvamutemo. Panguva yaakagadzirwa, aiita sekutsvaga kwakasiyana-siyana uye panecea yezvirwere zvepfungwa dzakawanda, maererano nezvake munhu akave dambudziko, uye kwete chete. Pakutanga kwekubotomy, kutengesa kwegakava kwaidiwa , uye ipapo nzira yekushandura mabhuku inonzi lobotomy yakaumbwa, mushure mokunge kunyange iyo lobotomy pamba yaive ichiitwa, sezvo kushanda kuri nyore mukuuraya uye hakudi kuti anesthesia yakakwana kana kunyatsogadzirisa kuurayiwa.

Izvi zvinoitika nenzira iyi: hutete hwakatsetseka hwemapfupa huchipfuura nepakati nepakamanikidzwa pane imwe nzvimbo kuburikidza neziso reziso uye kuiswa kwekodhi kunogadzirwa mumaruva epamberi europi: naizvozvo, kubatana pakati pavo nedzimwe nhengo dzouropi dzakaputsika, mushure mezvo avo vanorwara mupfungwa nemunhu asina kumbogadzikana anoteerera uye Inofadza, uye zvakare nyore kutarisira. Pakutanga izvi zvaifungidzirwa sechinhu, asi ikozvino chiri kutambudzwa kusvika pamwero wakakwana wemutemo. Basa racho, sekutonga, rakaitwa pasi peanesthesia yepamunharaunda, sezvo marwadzo ekurwadziwa aripo chete mumasukisi epamusoro, uye chiro cheuropi hachibatsiri kuita chimiro. Mukuwedzera, kuderedza kushungurudzika kwekuvhiyiwa, zvinokosha kuti murwere anokwanisa kudzora kufamba kwemaziso ebiso.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanhu vazhinji vanofarira mubvunzo wakadaro se lobotomy kumba. Kusvika parizvino, mutsara wakadaro wemubvunzo hauna kururama, sezvo basa iri rinorambidzwa zviri pamutemo, uye hapana nyanzvi yekare inotanga kuitakura. Kunyange zvazvo uchiitisa semuumbi wevanhu, lobotomy kumba inouraya pamusana pengozi yakakura yehutachiona, kunze kweizvozvo, maziso eyes eye nedzimwe nhengo dzinokosha dzeuropi dzinogona kukuvara.

Zvichida, kuti munhu ane hanya zvikuru nekodotomy kumba, hafu yezana remakore yapfuura angadai akawana basa iri rakanaka sekusagadzikana uye kune ngozi kune vamwe. Kunyange kana lobotomy pamba ichimufarira senzira yekudzivirira nayo vanhu kubva kune imwe (kunewo zvimwe zvinokanganisa) - saka hazvibviri kuzviita iwe pachako, nokuti munyaya iyi zvichave zvakakodzera kutora maziso ezvo uye kuita zvinenge zvichienderana nekubata, uye izvi handizvo zvakanyanya Nzira inobudirira yekuita mabasa. Nokudaro, pasinei nokuti chii chinokurudzira, maitiro edzimba anofanirwa kuiswa kunze - panguva apo kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa zvirwere zvepfungwa, uye mazuva ano masayendisiti anosiyana zvikuru kubva pane zvatinofunga pamusoro payo, zvichienderana nekufungidzira, kusarura uye nguva isina kufanira Inenge hafu yezana remakore yapfuura.