Kuchinja wemamonk, Moore: nhoroondo uye mapikicha

Kubva kumusoro kwechikomo apo Muponesi-Chigadziro chechigadziro chemusha cheguta reMurom chiripo, kunaka kwaMwari kwemashoko makuru kunotanga. Idzi nyika dzinonyatsojeka dzinorangarira vasande vazhinji avo vakapenya munyika yeRussia. Vadziviriri vekudenga vaMwari vemhuri Petro naFevronia vakakudza Mwari pano, hero Heroya ye Murom akawana masimba ake uye mukuru anozvininipisa Serafim weSarov aiwanzoshanyira pano. Nyika ye Murom uye monastery yeuka zvakawanda, iyo yakava chikamu chinokosha chezvakaitika.

Iro ray rokutanga reOrthodoxy munyika yeRurom

Imba yeMuzinda wekushandura muRomom, iyo ndiyo yakwegura muRussia, yakavakwa naChris Gleb Vladimirovich, mwanakomana waPrince Vladimir, uyo akaunza chiedza cheOrthodoxy kunyika yeRussia. Agamuchira muna 1015 kubva kuna baba vake vane nzvimbo yeguta re Moore, avo vaigara panguva iyo vakanga vachakonzerwa murima rechihedheni, mutungamiriri wechidiki aifunga kuti zvakanga zvakanaka kuti arege kumira ipapo, asi kuti agadzire yadhi yake nekukwira kumusoro kweOka uye kumusarudza nzvimbo panzvimbo yakakwirira, yakakura Forest shore.

MuKristu anoshingaira, akakurumidza kurayira kuvaka temberi iri pedo neimba yake, uye apo pakati pemakore emakore emapine mapuranga ake masvingo egomba rakasimuka, akanga ane hanya neruponeso rwemweya wake, asi vose vahedheni, mutongi uye ishe waaimbova. Rubhabhatidzo rwehukuru hwakadaro uye rwakarasikirwa mumasango eharaunda ibasa rakaoma uye rinopedza nguva, naizvozvo Ishe akamuraira kuti atange kujekesa nyika ye Murom kubva pakuvambwa kwedhesi.

Uchapupu hwezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa nemaoko emakore akapfuura

Panenge panguva uye uye ndiani Muponesi-Mutsara wekushanduka-shanduka (Murom) wakavakwa, unotsanangurwa zvakadzama mumatombo echinyorwa chekare, izvo zvakasvika kwatiri kubva muzana remakore rechi16. Imwe nyanzvi yezvakaitika kare yezana remakore rechi12 inopupurirawo izvi zvakabva mumatunhu. Inotaurira kuti muna 1096, pedyo nedzimba dzemamongi, mumwe mutongi waMurom, Prince Izyaslav Vladimirovich (mwanakomana waVladimir Monomakh), akafira muhondo naChris Oleg.

Zvinyorwa zvekare zvekare zvakachengetedzwa uye rufu rweumwe mutungamiriri anovimbika Yury Izaslavovich, uyo akatonga kubva muna 1162 kusvika muna 1174. Nzvimbo yekuzorodza kwake, sezvakaratidzwa nePatiev Chronicle, yakava Muponesi-Chigadziro cheMunamato muRomom, mune imwe ndima yechechi itsva yakagadzirwa nemurairo wake uye bell tower yakaiswa. Pamusoro peiyo yakanga iri dombo kana log, sezvo yakatangira, yakavakwa naGreeb Gleb - haina kuzivikanwa. Zvinotaurwa chete kuti kwaiva maari iye muviri wake wakavigwa.

Nhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare, iyo inotaura nezveMuponesi-Chigadziro cheSimba reMizinda (Murom), ndiyo nhoroondo yekuguma kwezana remakore rechi15. Inotaurira kuti muna 1467, Novgorod boyar Fedor Boretsky - mwanakomana wekuzivikanwa posadnik Marfa, uyo akatungamirira kurwisana kweguta risina rusununguko raNovgorod rekuzvimiririra kubva mumutungamiri weMoscow, rufu rusati rwarumbidzwa kugamuchira toniure yemamoni muimba yemamambo. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti yaiva mumitambo yenguva iyoyo - pachikumbaridzo chekufa kuramba pasi rose uye "mutumwa" kutamira kune imwe nyika.

Guta rakazova musasa weuto

Munguva yekukunda kwekukunda kurwisa guta guru reKazan Khanate, rakagadzirirwa naIvan the Terrible, imwe yemigwagwa yeuto reRussia yakatevera kuburikidza neMurom. Musha weMutungamiriri weMusununguri weKupinduka waiva nzvimbo yekugara kwevhiki mbiri, panguva iyo mazamu uye zvikwata zvakavakwa kuti vayambuke Oka.

Historical chronicles inotaura kuti munaJuly gore iroro gore rakaratidzika semusasa weuto. Mumigwagwa, matende akawanda aifamba akaparara, akafukidzwa nehondo dzemiti, uye kwose kwose varwi vaigona kuonekwa, uye kurira kwepfuti kunogona kunzwika. Pano, mambo akatarisa kubva kumusoro kwebhanhire rekumucheto, pane imwe nzvimbo yevahedheni yakanga iripo, nokuda kwekuyambuka kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza neOka, uko masango eSakan akatanga.

Mhiko yaMambo

Mumazuva iwayo mukuru weIvan the Terrible akazadzwa neMurom squad. Mutsika inotaura kuti kana monastery ichibva muimba yevatemberi, mambo akapika, kana akakunda muvengi, kuvaka tembere yematombo mairi. Sezvaunoziva, mushandirapamwe uyu wakaguma nekutorwa kwaKazani, uye muna 1655, maererano neshoko rake, hapana imwe chete asi temberi dzakawanda dzakavakwa, iyo iyo kereke yechechi yeSpassky inoratidzika, iyo iyo tsar yakapa midziyo yekereke inokosha , mabhuku, mifananidzo uye zvipfeko zvakapfuma.

Pasinei nekudzokorora perestroika, kereke iyi yakaponesa kusvikira nhasi, uye kazhinji yakachengetedza maitiro ayo okutanga. Pakuona kwaro, kunyange chinyorwa chekutenderera chakakwana kuita kuti zvinyorwa zveMoscow Assumption Cathedral vauye mupfungwa, zvakaswedera pedyo mune zvekuvakwa kwayo. Aya ndiwo madzimambo mashanu, anozivikanwa nenzira yeMoscow yenguva iyoyo, uye kuvekorora kwemavara emadzimai, uye zvakasimba, zvakaenzana zviyero zvezvivako zvose, zvichiita kugona kwehutano uye hutsinye nyore.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Muponesi-Chigadziro cheMangwanani reMurma muRurom ine zvakawanda kuna Ivan the Terrible nekubudirira kwehupfumi hwake. Emperori akanyorera kune zvake nzvimbo dzakawanda dzimba dzehurumende - dzinotora nzvimbo ne serfs, vakazova pfuma yake. Nekushanda kwavo varimi vakaponesa hama kuti dzirege kutarisira chingwa chavo chezuva nezuva, ichichibvumira kuti zviite chete mumabasa ekuponesa mweya.

Kupambwa kwevapambi vemamwe marudzi

Mune imwe yenhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare dzinobva muna 1637, pane nhoroondo iyo muna 1616, ndiko kuti, pakutanga kwekutonga kwaMikhail Fedorovich, mutongi wekutanga weimba yaRomanov, musungwa wakadzivirirwa weLithuania pasi pomurairo waAlexander Lisovsky wakatorwa naMoore. Imba yeSpafa-Preobrazhensky, yakasara panguva yezvinetso zvishoma zvakachengeteka, yakapambwa mazuva ano, uye avo vevagari vemo vakaramba vavengi vakaurayiwa. Zita remutungamiri uyu wemasasa ehondo, avo vakaramba vachizvisvibisa nekupamba kwevagari vemo, vakapinda munhoroondo uye vakazofananidza zvechisimba nekugadzirisa.

Kuzvidza kupandukira

Peji inonakidza uye yakazara inonakidza munhoroondo yemamatare yaiva zviitiko zvakakonzerwa nekuchinja kwechechi kwakaitwa naMutungamiriri wekare Nikon. Sezvazvinozivikanwa, pakati pezvinhu zvitsva zvaakaita, pakanga paine kuchinja kukuru muhutano hwekunamatira, kuiswa kwemabhuku matsva echechi kushandurirwa kubva kuGiriki, kubviswa kwezvigunwe zviviri zvekare nezviratidzo zvemuchinjikwa paminwe mitatu nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Izvi zvakashandurwa, zvinonzwisisika mumutauro wayo, asi zvakakurumidza uye zvakashata, zvakavhiringidza kupesana mumasangano makuru evanhu uye zvakakonzera kusava nechechi muchechi, mhedzisiro yaro inonzwiwa kusvikira nhasi. Sezvakaratidzwa nezvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare, mumazuva iwayo chimwe chezvivako zveVatendi vekare vakava Mutemberi yeMangwanani (Murom).

Mutariri wake, Archimandrite Anthony, akakumbira kakawanda kwete kuhama dzaakatungamirira, asiwo kune vagari vomuguta ane zvikumbiro, umo akatonga kushanduka kwakaputsa mutemo wetsika hwehupenyu hwechechi hwakange hwakagadzirwa kwemazana emakore. Chikonzero chakakosha chaiva chido chokubhapatidzwa neminwe mitatu. Akatotumira shoko kuna Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, umo akanyatsotaura zvose zvataurwa maererano nehupenyu huripo.

Saka akatsamwa pamusoro penjodzi, mumaonero ake, nezvekunamata kwekare, mufudzi haana kufunga nezvechimwe chinhu chakakosha zvikuru - kuchinja kwakanga kusingobvumirwi chete neTsar, asi kwakaitwa pasi pehutano hwake. Somugumisiro, kumutsoropodza, akafamba achipikisa kuda kwamambo, uye panguva ipi muRussia yakabva isisina mhosva?

Zvakaitika zvaifanira kutarisirwa. Muna 1662, vakaoma vakabviswa kubva kune vatariri veimba yemamongi, uye mushure mechinguva vakashevedzwa kuMoscow, apo mhosva yake yaongororwa neNational Council yakanga ichipfuura panguva iyoyo. Haana kubatsirwe kana kupfidza pachena, kana nehufundisi hwekare hwakakodzera. Nokuda kwekunyengedzera uye kusununguka, akadziviswa pamamiriro ake ezvinhu uye akatumirwa kunoteerera mune imwe nzvimbo yekune imwe nyika uye yakashata, kwaakagara mazuva ake ose.

Makumi makumi emakumi anotevera muhupenyu hwemamoni

Inobereka kwazvo muhupenyu hwehupfumi hwemamoni yaiva makore gumi ekupedzisira ezana remakore re XVII. Izvi zvaive zvakakonzerwa nemipiro yakawanda, ichidzokororwa zvakare muchivigiro chake che Metropolitan Varsonofy - wedzinza rekare revatengesi vapfumi kubva kuMurmansk Chertkovs. Bounty yake yakagadzirirwa abbot dombo uye kuvakwa kwechechi yePokrovsky, iyo yakanga ichida kugadziriswa.

Kutonga kwaPeter I kwakanga kusina kuzadzwa nezviitiko zvinokosha izvo zvave zvive chikamu chenhoroondo yemamatare. Chimwe chete chinokosha pakutsvaga munguva iyi chaiva kuvhura munharaunda yaro yega chechikoro chekudzidzisa muguta-chikoro apo vana vavapristi vakadzidziswa. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba yevadzidzi vari mairi yaiva shoma, kukosha kwayo kuri pachena, sezvo ndiye iye akazova wokutanga kunyorwa nekuverenga nekunyora munharaunda iyi yakakura.

Matambudziko aCatherine nguva

Imwe yeSpafa-Preobrazhensky (Murom) yakave nematambudziko akawanda nematambudziko panguva yekutonga kwaCatherine II. Nhepfenyuro yake yehupfumi yakanyanya kukanganisa hurumende yake yekusunungura, kureva, kubviswa kwekugara kwenyika dzomusango, kazhinji iyo inowanzo inowanikwa mari kune vadzidzisi vavo. Yakapiwa kwaari iyo yakapiwa mumazuva aIvan the Terrible, monastery yakatanga kuderera.

Mamiriro acho ainge akaoma nechokuti maererano neshoko iri, iro rakagamuchirwa kubva kuSt. Petersburg muna 1765, manoramende ainzi Borisoglebskaya monastery, ayo akanga ari pedyo, akaparara, uye vagari varo vakaendeswa kuMusha weTransfiguration (Murom guta). Zvakawanikwa kubva izvi, zvechokwadi, hazvina kuwedzera, uye nhamba yemiromo yakakura. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vatongi vanodikanwa naMwari vaomesa zvipingamupinyi zvavo zvakasimba zvakasimba.

Mirairo Athos icon

Iboka remiedzo yakatumirwa kumamongi nekuda kwekuzvikudza kwavo kare yakagara kusvikira makore makumi manomwe ezana remakore rakatevera, apo Archimandrite Anthony (Ilyin) akagadzwa kuva abbot muimba yemamongi. Kuwana hupfumi mumamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza kwazvo, mufundisi uyu akazvininipisa, asi anoshanda zvikuru akatanga nekuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yeSt. Athos, ikoko kunotsvaka rubatsiro kubva kumasimba eDenga.

Minyengetero yake yakanzwika, uye shure kwake akadzoka nechishamiso chaamai vaMwari "Skoroposlushnitsa", izvo zvakakurumidza kukwezva mapoka evapilgrim uye nokudaro vakavimbisa kubuda kwemari muchivigiro chemari yevatariri. Kuvonga izvi, mumakore anotevera zvakange zvichigoneka kudzorera uye kuunza fomu yakakodzera yese yakakanganiswa nevakadaro zvivakwa zvembairi.

Mukuwedzera, muna 1892, pedyo nechokumaodzanyemba rusvingo rwechimbadha, chivakwa chezvitatu chezvitini chakavakwa, umo makamuri ehama akagara, uye muna 1907 imwe kereke yakavakwa, nguva ino mukukudza vatendi veChersonesus. Iri ndiro chivakwa chekupedzisira chakaitwa munharaunda. Dambudziko racho rakanga risina kukwana richifambira mberi, richipwanya umambo hukuru kune guruva uye kwemakumi emakore akawanda achiparadza vanhu vokuRussia kubva mumidzimu yayo.

Pasi pejoko rezviremera zvinotsvaka Mwari

Nenguva ishure mushure mokumbururwa kwezvombo zvakagadziriswa muna 1917, Transfiguration Monastery (Murom), iyo kero yakabva ikozvino yakanzi nezita revolutionary IN Lukin, yakavharwa. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechokubatanidzwa kwevatariri vake, Bishop Mitrofan (Zagorsky) muhupikisi hwevaBolshevik yakatanga mu Murom munaJuly 1918 uye yakarongedzwa neWhite Guard pasi pevhu. Zvisinei, Kereke yeKutendeuka ikoko kwemakore maviri yakaramba ichiita sangano reparidzi. Imba yemamende yakave yakazaruka, apo vanhu vevanhu vakavigwa.

Mumakumi maviri pakanga pane mubvunzo pamusoro pekuendeswa kwezvivako zvembazi kuMurom Museum of Local Lore, asi pakuguma kwemakore gumi vakagara muuto rechiuto, uye zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanga zvichishandiswa neguta rehurumende ye NKVD. Nzvimbo tsvene dzeTransfiguration Monastery (Murom) dzakasarudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumari yemamamuziyamu, uye muzhinji zvakangoparadzwa kana kupambwa.

Kudzoka kumusha wemamatare (kunyanya, matongo ayo) kusvika pachipfuva chechechi

Nzira yekudzoka kune vakatendeka pfuma yavo yepakutanga yakatanga muna 1990, apo vamiririri veboka rekutanga vakagadzwa muguta vakakumbira tsamba yakazaruka kune hutungamiri veguta guru komiti nechikumbiro chekuendesa Chirangaridzo cheMhonari (Murom), iyo kero iri: Lakin, 1 a, mune nzvimbo itsva yakasikwa yevahedheni. Kuita kwavo kwakatsigirwa neChmemician Dube Likhachev, uyo akakumbira rubatsiro kune hutungamiri hwepamusoro hwechechi.

Kukunda matambudziko akambomira nenzira iyi yakatora makore anenge mashanu, asi pakupedzisira mauto ehondo, akagara panharaunda yeimba yemamiti, akatamira kune imwe nzvimbo, achisunungura nzvimbo dzose dzakachengeterwa kusvikira nhasi. Zvadaro mutungamiriri weimba yevahedheni vakanga vadzokera zvakare aiva Hieromonk Cyril (Epfanov).

Muchiyeuchidzo chake, mufananidzo waakaratidzwa kwaari paakatanga kushanyira kuimba yevatemberi yaiva zvechokwadi ichiodza mwoyo. Mauto akadzingwa nemauto aive hafu akaparadzwa, uye zvivako zvetemberi zvakabviswa kwete kwete imba chete, asi kunyange matenga. Zvichipa kuti pakange pasina mari yekuvadzosa, mumwe anogona kufungidzira mune zvese zvakaoma kunzwisisa uku kwedambudziko rinotarisana negavhuna.

Iyi mhondi yakanunurwa nemufananidzo mumwechete waamai vaMwari "Skoroposlushnitsa", yakadzoserwa kubva kuAfon naArimandrite Antony uye zvishamiso zvakamutsidzira hupenyu hwake hwakanaka. Uye kunyange zvazvo nguva iyi yakanga isina kuwanika muGrisi, asi mune mari yemunzvimbo yeumusiyo, iyo yakachengetwa kwemakore mazhinji, chishamiso chakadzokidzwa nekunyatsoshamisa-mapoka evapilgrim zvakare akazosvika kune iyo, uye pamwechete navo kuwedzera kwemari yakanga isingagoni Kugovera kuti kudzorerwa kwe shrine ye Murom.

Sangano reSpaso-Preobrazhensky kubva panguva ya2000 kusvika muna 2009 rakagamuchirawo rubatsiro rwakakosha kubva kubhuku reActering Chamber of the Russian Federation, nokuti zvaive zvichikwanisika kupedza zvose zvakarongeka zvakaoma zvekudzorera mabasa. Nhasi yakave yakadzorerwa muhupenyu hwayo hwepakutanga uye yakawana zvakare kukosha kweimwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzezvitendero zveRussia.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery (Murom): address uye sangano rekufamba

Basa guru uye rakagadzirirwa rave rave rapera. Yakadzoserwa mushure memakumi emakore ekuderera kwekunamata mune nyika, Ichitsinhaniso cheShanduko cheSunamende (Murom), chinyorwa chaicho chinogona kuonekwa munyaya ino, hachirevi vatendi chete vari kutungamira, kutanga kune vose, kunamata temberi, asiwo avo, Kwete kuzivisa nechitendero, zvinoratidza kufarira munguva yakapfuura yenyika yedu.

Kune vose, pasina mubvunzo, kuoma kwezvivako zvekare kunokwezva. Inoumbwa nezvinhu zvishanu, iyo huru iyo iri kereke, yakavakwa muna 1552 nekuda kwezvipo izvo Ivan the Terrible yakaunzwa kuMusha weMangwanani kuRomom. Purogiramu yemabasa yakatangazve mukati maro mushure mekupedzwa kwebasa, kazhinji, inofananidzana nehurongwa hwemashumiro mumachechi eOrthodox munyika. Pamasvondo masikati mangwanani, anotanga pa8: 00, uye manheru pa17: 30. Pamazororo neSvondo, tarisiro yekupedzisira yakawedzerwa kwavari pa10: 00.

Nezve nhoroondo yemamatare nezvose zvakaitika kwemazana emakore mumasvingo aro, unogona kudzidza kubva munyaya dzevatungamiri vanokwanisa vanoita mafurati mairi. Vaya vanokwevedzwa nemanzwiro echitendero, nokuti sangano rekufamba mairi rinofanira kutariswa: Murom, Pirigrimage Centre yeChinamende yeChinamende. Iwe unogona kumubata naye kuburikidza newebhishopu yevashoni. Vaya vanoda kuronga hufambi hwavo vanochengetwawo mumusha wemamatare, ari pa ul. Lukin, 1 a.

Monastic shrines

Kushanduka Chitarisiko Monastery (Moore), hotera zvinosanganisira zvose dormitories munhurume matavi nehadzi, uyewo nomumwe vafambi mhuri, mapoka makuru vechinamato kuuya nerimwe gore. Uye zviri zvikuru zvakasikwa, vakapiwa kukosha zvitsvene kuti zvakachengeterwa pamadziro wemamongi.

Kunze Marian kuvake "Quick kuti Teererai", iyo munyaya, zvose kuuya mukana kunamata chimwe chezvinhu vairemekedza mufananidzo St. Seraphim Sarov. Zvakanyorwa pakutanga remakore rapfuura, pakarepo pashure canonization nehanzvadzi dzake Diveevsk akavaka wemamongi uye anochengeta PARTICIPLE pakati zvisaririra matsvene mukuru. Muna 2006 nzvimbo idzi Wakawedzerwa sirivha reliquary pakati St Reverend them Muromtsa, uyo akazova kumumvuri iri National yakakura yaiva yakakurumbira gamba - gamba nengano uye epics. Uyewo, nhoroondo yose wemamongi kunoonekwa sechinhu chinoshamisa rwiyo ouprofita Bojana, akararamazve uye pavakatanga kuoneka mazuva edu.