Kunaka munhu nechando nyanza

Kubva siyana epanyika vashanyi vachiuya kuyemura incredible kunaka gobvu kwegungwa munyika. Kazhinji, vanosarudza kunoshanyira yezhizha, saka vanhu vashoma vanoziva anotarira sei zvinoshamisa muchando Lake Baikal. Kana kwete nokuti utsinye okunze nzvimbo idzi, nzendo chando inganakirwa zvibudirire sezvo chirimo.

gungwa

Kana uchitenda masayendisiti, kuti Baikal ndiye mukuru nyanza munyika, aumba makore mamiriyoni 20-30 apfuura nokuda tectonic inochinja ari pasi goko. nzvimbo iyi ichiri seismically kusagadzikana, saka hapana chete vari chafariz zvitubu dzakawanda, asiwo muchando Lake Baikal anokwanisa kuvhundutsa veMubatanidzwa moto kubva pasi chando, saka kuti pane uchapupu zvapupu.

Yaiva East Siberia pagungano kukwira pamusoro mamita 455 pamusoro pegungwa, gungwa rine nemhenderekedzo pamusoro 1,800 makiromita ane kureba 636? Km uye mwedzi anoyeuchidza wayo chimiro.

Mukuru kudzika dura ndiyo inenge ra1640 metres, iyo inoita kuti uitore ive nzvimbo rinokudzwa rokutanga Guinness Book of Records, asi kusiyana kwegungwa haisi zvikuru ayo udzamu, sezvo iri urongwa.

Kuva dzinongoitika dura mvura yakachena (20% munyika reserves), gungwa riri munzvimbo ine chisikigo pachacho anotarisira kuramba kutsvinda kwayo. Nhasi, rinenge rose mhenderekedzo yegungwa iri hunhu kuchengeterwa, uye muna 1996 akapinda Baikal UNESCO World Heritage List, uye chokutanga vanhu vanzwe, kusvika iye, munhuwi nemipaini tsono, sezvo zvose yaro rinosanganisira masango.

Rinoporesa antibacterial ehupfumi kuti coniferous miti aizivikanwa vanhu kubva kare. Chokwadi ivo takakomberedzwa parutivi rwegungwa, kwete netsaona. It coniferous miti kunyevenutsa hasha chando, kuiita 10 ° C inodziya kupfuura imwe Irkutsk, riri chete 70 Km from dura, izvo hakutadzisi Zvisinei, chando kungatadzisa yaro mvura kubva October pakunopera April. Vaya vakaona nepikicha oma kwegungwa, vapemberere incredible pachena echando, Hamungaoni mune dzimwe nzvimbo panyika.

Climate

Eastern Siberia inozivikanwa zvikuru Continental ekunze pamwe chando, asi kuti Baikal rakakomberedzwa nemakomo uye mhenderekedzo akafuka vanoondoroka masango, akasika munzvimbo pachavo microclimate. Its peculiarity ndechokuti yechando munyoro uye chirimo, nekusiyana, kuri kutonhora kupfuura dzimwe nharaunda. The vakawanda mvura huru kwazvo zvinowanisa yemunyika okunze, tembiricha neeSultan apo pachena mugove kwegungwa kubva -21 ° C muna yechando kuti +15 ° C muzhizha, uye kubva -25 ° C kuti + 17 ° C muna mumhenderekedzo yegungwa munharaunda.

Hazvina chibhende, asi Baykal uyewo yakasiyana nenhamba jeka mazuva pagore. Somuenzaniso, pano zviri pachena kwemaawa 2350, nepo muna Riga Coast - maawa 1839 chete. Kana tikafunga okunze munharaunda yakakura, ndiyo sunniest Olkhon Island (mazuva 64 maringe 49 nokuti Baikal yose). Zviya, akawira pariri kashoma uye mvura.

Paavhareji, gungwa matenga mazuva pagore dialed 125, ukuwo Olkhon mune chete 75 munguva imwe chete. Munzvimbo idzi kazhinji refu mvura inofadza vashanyi, sezvo vazhinji vavo vari chaizvo kuuya pano, kuona yakakurumbira mirages.

Kana vakaziva sei muchando Lake Baikal (mufananidzo pazasi), ringadai achinja kuvhimwa zvipoko ari mukurusa pamufananidzo akasikwa chisikigo pachacho: zvishoma nezvishoma. kunyorerana waro mvura echando.

rakasiyana dziva

On nyika havasi nzvimbo vakawandisa nemvura yakachena zvechokwadi uye zvakajeka. Kana nzvimbo yokutanga muchikwata ichi zvinotora neGungwa Sargasso, ari pachena kuti chiri 65 metres, wechipiri Baikal pamwe indekisi 40 m, kunyange zvazvo photic vematunhu, yakavhenekerwa zuva, ari 112 m, sezvinoratidzwa rudo chiedza-zvipenyu ikoko.

Lake mvura okisijeni saturation kunonyanya pachena kuonekwa apo nechando ice-akasungwa Baikal muenzaniso zvikuru yakanaka wakasikwa nendege matema. The pachena kuti nyanza mvura kunopa tusingaoneki vaigara mariri, uye ayo akafanana riri pedyo kwakadonhera sezvo zvishoma mineralized.

The mudziva iri kudirwa nenzizi huru 336 uye kubvira 544 kusvika 1123 kwemashifiti zvinyorwa, kunokonzerwa kunyunguduka aizi mumakomo kana apo rinorema mvura. Angara - chete rwizi yaiyerera kubva kugungwa chikuru nokutengesa mvura Baikal ndiye Selenga.

Delta Selenga

Yakanga mvura nhoroondo yake kwerinenge 50% bhuku kwegungwa akazadza rwizi Delta, inoumbwa rechibharo zhinji uye zvitsuwa, vakafukidza zvinopfuura 1,000 km ^2. Panguva iyi, muchando Lake Baikal anotarisa yakasiyana kupfuura huru chikamu:

• Chekutanga confluence Selenga ndiye narrowest mudziva, uye daro pakati dzarwo ndiyo 26 chete? km (the widest chikamu akaenzana 81 km);
• chechipiri, mvura inodziya yorwizi kuumba pasi podtaliny chando, saka zviri kunyange zvishoma yakavimbika ine zvinokosha ukobvu;
• Chechitatu, makatsemuka zvinenge zvanyatsobuda pano kazhinji inomiririra nengozi vaya vakasarudza kuenda netsoka kana nemotokari kutama Baikal, sevamwe vavo akavanzvenga kubva hafu mita kuna 4 metres upamhi.

Other nenzizi nyanza, zvishoma dzakapfuma, asi panguva imwecheteyo mipiro kuna zvinonakisa zvakajeka uye pachena kwayo mumvura.

nyanza mafungu

Kwete chete inozivikanwa nokuda pachena pamusoro Baikal, asi mhepo, rimwe nerimwe rine warwo zita uye ichivhuvhuta pane imwe nguva. Nemhaka kwavari, Mirror Lake ndiye kazhinji kunyarara. Somuenzaniso, muna yakamanika Olkhonskiye gedhi fomu mhepo chinozunguzirwa kureba 4 M uye isina kudzika confluence mune gungwa Selenga vanozadzika 6 mamita.

Kazhinji, mhepo yakasimba kutanga pano muzhizha mukupera uye hunozogara kuburikidza kuwa. The vomunzvimbo apiwa pawo mazita anotevera:

• Verkhovik. Anosvika kubva yokumusoro mupata Angara uye anogona kuridza pasina anovhara mazuva 10, pasina kukonzera nyonganyonga mvura pedyo nemhenderekedzo, asi pakati pegungwa richisimuka namapoporodzi chena. kukwirira yavo yakaderera muna August, asi kusvika 4 M November.
• Barguzin. Zvinyoronyoro pasina gusts mhepo vanofara zvose, sezvo rinounza mudanga jeka ekunze.
• Asi pamusoro kultuk haagoni kunzi, nokuti pamwe nechitarisiko mvura, bvungapfunga uye madutu.
• Unonyanya anotyisa, richisvika aimhanya anosvika 40 m / s, - mhepo SARMA. Chinokonzera nemadutu uye anogona kuridza zuva, pasina nokuderedza dzichimhanya.

Kana mhepo idzi ikarira November, zvinokwanisika kuchengeta rakasiyana chakajairika: nechando chemvura mudziva mafungu kuti haana yakadonha pamahombekombe. Photographers kubva kunyika dzakasiyana anouya, pasinei nemamiriro okunze bhowa kwakadaro kuchenesa pfungwa iyi. Photos chando mudziva kunogona kuonekwa zvikuru nomukurumbira magazini kufukidza nedzimwe nzvimbo uye zviitiko zvenyika.

chando nzendo

Izvi zvinotora chaizvo kwenguva refu uye rinotanga paumbwe wokutanga dzakaonda chando firimu, riri nyore kuti kuputsa wave. Zvadaro mhenderekedzo zvishoma nezvishoma kuumbwa chando akavaka-up kunokonzerwa mvura nechando uye akadana zaberegami vanhu.

Ikoko, apo mafungu arove pamusoro pamatombo, pane chando stalactites yakarembera kwavari. Frozen Lake Baikal anopa mumwe rokupedzisira chando. Kazhinji, vakawanda nzizi inosimbisa nayo, simbi neaizi. Chete pa -20 ° C rwunotanga kuwedzera pamwe svuura kumhanya 4-5 masendimita pazuva.

In yayo nechekuchamhembe mudziva yakafukidzwa chando kukwira 6 months, uye vakasara akayangarara echando floes anogona kuwanikwa pano muna June, ukuwo rwezasi chando dura rinonyomba chete 4-4.5 mwedzi.

Life pasi chando

Kuti, pamusoro vangani metres kweLake muchando Baikal, vari kunetseka pamusoro vagari vayo vose. Kazhinji, pakukora aizi kugungwa kashoma kukasapfuura 2 metres, kuubvumira vatasve kutakurwa uremu matani 15.

Kupfuura zvose chando akatamisa diatom algae endemic mudziva asingaiti kanganisa kwayakaita pasi chando, asi nekusiyana, kuwedzera biomass wayo 100 g / m ^2.

Saka kuchenjera hunhu inopa kuti paumbwe echando anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri anokonzerwa musiyano neusiku tembiricha chando chiso. Panyaya iyi, machemero ivo chamutsa panguva yacho kudhumhana, simba haana muduku atirari volleys. The makatsemuka akaumba ari chando Falls okisijeni, vachibvumira hove yokupukunyuka pasi chando kuwanikwa kusvikira yechirimo.

chando nzvimbo

Frozen Lake Baikal - iri rakasiyana zvechokwadi akaratidza nokuda izvo zvinoita kuti kusiya noushamwari uye vakasununguka musha uye kufamba pakati pose. He, zvinoyevedza uye shure anosiya zvirambe zviri segirazi echando ukobvu uko anooneka zvinomera, hove uye muchando dzakawanda mhepo matema.