Non-mari kubhadhara - nayo ... Organization cashless kubhadhara musangano. Marudzi mubhadharo magwaro

Cashless kubhadhara - iri, nenzira yokufananidzira, nhumbi upfumi. Ivo anobudiswa nokuita mari kuburikidza mubhanga nhoroondo uye vari nokudzorwa Civil Code (Chap. 45 uye 46), ari Regulation pamusoro kukarukureta vasiri mari zvakaita Central Bank of Russia nhamba nhamba 2-P kubva 12.04.2001, mari iri kubva kuna payer wacho akaundi kubhengi Nhoroondo mutengesi (mugashiri).

Kutendeuka isiri mari kubhadhara iri huru muripo huchashandiswa inoratidza pamwero zvoupfumi. Munyika dzakabudirira Mari turnover anenge 5% of zvachose mari turnover. Cashless kubhadhara kubvumira Central Bank kudzora mari turnover of Russian Federation. Uchibatsirwa yavo nokukurumidza zvikuru mari kuparadzirwa, vari vakaumba mari kwenguva pfupi vakasununguka, uye nokubatsira kwavo rwezvemabhengi hurongwa chinotibatsira wayo nokukweretesa. Uyewo somugumisiro kumhanyisa usapinde kuparadzirwa (uye mukuwirirana no "cheni" pamusoro Marx 'Goods-Mari-Goods "), wakakurumidza uye zvinhu kuparadzirwa rehurumende.

Modular maumbirwo mari kutenderera

Sezvaunoziva, kubvira 1992, isiri mari kubhadhara muRussia dziri anoongororwa raitongwa tichibatsirwa ari Bank of Russia kufungisisa mari aggregates, umo mapoka akasiyana siyana siyana mari. Chii kugutsikana kwavo zveupfumi, unogona kuona Figure 1.

Scheme 1. Modular mamiriro mari

The Unit M _0, maererano dzekare pfungwa, integrates mari, mari pakadhi nyaya yemagetsi mari uye macheki, kureva - .. The kupfuura zvikuru mvura zvinhu. Midziyo kuti vari kushingaira kushandisa chisimba vanhu. The yemaitiro, izvo zviri akatsunga, ndizvo sezvinotevera: M0 = C + macheki (1).

Kuzadzikiswa hunhu chikwata M ₁ hama kuna M0 kunoratidzwa Formula 2: M ₁ = M ₀ + mari uno uye kuitika Nhoroondo dziri nemabhangi (2).

chikwata ichi uyewo anoratidza mabasa basa zviri pamutemo masangano, kuunganidza mari uno uye kugarwa nyaya uye kuvashandisa zvebhizimisi.

The Unit M _2, uyewo, ndiye mukwanisi muchina M _1. Zvinosanganisira mari kukurumidza hunhu, t. E. The dhipoziti mari kuchengetedzeka uye deposits. Saka, ndiko refu munataisireva yacho rwezvemabhengi hurongwa.

In mari - huru mubhadharo huchashandiswa

For chekare yokutevedzera usapinde uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. isiri mari kubhadhara - nayo aggregates M _{1 uye} M _2.

Uyezve, maererano mashoko First mutevedzeri sachigaro Central Bank Georgiya Ivanovicha Luntovskogo, pari mukuru muripo Chinoshandiswa Russia vachiri mari. Zvisinei, basa ravo M2 uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. yakaderera kubva 35.2% muna 2005 kusvika 23.8% (umboo kuti mugumo 2012.)

Sangano turnover yavo - dzinodhura: kunoda rinokosha mari remazita zvokushandisa, muunganidzwa hurongwa, etc. Panguva iyoyowo, nyika dzokumadokero basa iri kuridzwa kunyanya vasiri mari kubhadhara ... Cash kuderedza mwero turnover mari - mumwe zvinokonzera ane upfumi simba.

The mashandiro kuti tsamba nyaya

Cashless kubhadhara - mumwe mashandiro anoita kubhengi. Kuti dzika navo shoma kuvhura kubhengi nhoroondo kuzvitsigira zvebhizimisi uye ano - nemari kubva bhajeti nemasangano. Sezvo mashandiro kuti bhangi mutauri wemashoko nyaya. sei ino basa?

Tinomiririra randinenge mamiriro ezvinhu: A kambani akatenga chekambani zvinhu uye B inobhadhara yaro non-mari. Sei mukana? Achibatsirwa yakawiriranwa misha pakati mutengi yarwo (B-A) uye kumahombekombe mutengesi (B-B), kureva. E. Financial masangano, apo tiri kufunga kambani akazarura ano nhoroondo dzavo. Zviri pachena, mutengi yarwo anofanira kubvisa ake nhoroondo akakodzera isiri mari mari mutengesi yarwo kuchikwama ake. Kuti aite izvi, pemahombekombe maviri kuvhura tsamba nyaya dziri Central Bank of Russia (CBR): COP. Saka, vasiri mari kubhadhara - ndiyo mari mabasa pemahombekombe dzebhizimisi vatengi kuburikidza mutauri wemashoko nyaya. Ngatidzokere mamiriro edu, zvose BA uye dzomupepanhau nhoroondo kubhangi, uye kubhengi chavhurwa BB iri tsika chete - Central Bank (azvaitwa: COP uye COP-BA-BB).

ezvinhu cashless kubhadhara, vakarongwa maererano Central Bank sei? Mumatanho matatu.

• First. Sangano A anotamisa mari iri uwandu kwema enyu ano nhoroondo kuti dzomupepanhau nhoroondo B-A, uchiraira kubhadhara ayo counterparty B.
• Second. Kubhadhara gwaro zvebhizimisi rake BA kubhengi anorayiridza Central Bank kunyora kubvisa runoenzanirana mari kubva dzomupepanhau Nhoroondo COP-BA pamahombekombe wacho dzomupepanhau nhoroondo, basa mutengesi COP-BB.
• Third. Bank B, club zveminda pamusoro wayo dzomupepanhau nhoroondo CS-B, uyo akauya kuona chitsama mari kero yake yeGmail.END_STRONG B, uye anotamisa kune ake vachiongorora nyaya. Kwakadaro mubhadharo asiri mari ndiyo hwaro zvemari hupfumi turnover.

Nokuti dzomupepanhau akaundi ane miviri marongerwo - zvokunze (NOSTRO wakazaruka CB) uye yomukati (loro - zvemukati offsetting nhoroondo). Account zviyero panguva yomukati uye NOSTRO offsetting nhoroondo specularly dzinoratidza mumwe. nguva achiongorora imwe rekuona kuti mativi ose runoenzanirana nyaya.

Settlement ne mubhadharo zvirevo

Kakawanda, asiri mari kubhadhara Kunotanga nesangano-payer. Unoenda kubhangi, kushumira ayo kugarwa nhoroondo gwaro chikumbiro - uchatamisa munhoroondo kusvikira nhoroondo wacho. Gwaro kuratidza yakwidzwa, yainzi mubhadharo murayiro. A mharidzo izvozvo unogona kuona nhamba pazasi.

Pachishandiswa mirairo muripo yaitwa isiri mari kubhadhara munzvimbo dzine kutapurirana mari kuti bhajeti uye extrabudgetary mari; kukarukureta pamusoro counterparties mukufamba kwavo basa mabasa; chikwereti uye dhipoziti rwezvemabhengi kwema; Other non-mari kwema.

Normative zvinyorwa nokuti cashless kubhadhara

Chimiro Gwaro rino uye mitemo yawo zvekupfakira akaratidza Regulation of Central Bank nhamba 2-p pakati 03.10.2002 akanga uye zvaanotaura nhamba 1256-U pakati 03.03.2003, ari (chete magwaro achiita uye dzimwe mhando asiri mari kubhadhara).

Sign iye mari vanhu kubhadhara sangano, kazhinji mutungamiriri (mukuru) uye mukuru akaundendi. Instructional vamwe nguva ukoshi mazuva 10, pasingaverengwi zuva kana muripo murayiro aurayiwe. Mharidzo anomirirwa iri nhamba inofanira vaisanganisa ne chambotaurwa nezvacho vakasaina uye chidhindo yacho payer. The yokupedzisira vanosungirwa kutora nhoroondo vachibhadhara yavo chaiyo remazita

Cashless kubhadhara Masangano (emakambani)

Sangano vasiri mari kubhadhara musangano (ebhizimusi) anoshanda kukura kwebasa mamiriro ezveupfumi pakati masangano aya. Cashless kambani anogamuchira kwemari kubva kutengeswa kwayo apera zvigadzirwa (mabasa), uye sangano - mari kuita mabasa ayo. Mari iyi hwakatamisirwa Nhoroondo kambani kana sangano kakawanda, muripo hurongwa. The zvichiguma kwemari iri pamwe kupedzerwa nemisha pamwe kugoverwa Enterprises. Kuenda mitero uye kwairayirwa kubhadhara iri kure-bhajeti mari. Muchiitiko chino, kubhadhara dzinoitwa mukati pakuenzanisa pamusoro kuitika nokuda zvebhizimisi (sangano) kana iri kuwanda inopiwa kubhengi chikwereti.

Muchiitiko ichi pane vamwe regularities vachibhadhara dzakadaro.

Principles yesangano vasiri mari kubhadhara akaitwa (masangano)

Sangano vasiri mari kubhadhara musangano (ebhizimusi) anotungamirirwa mamwe mazano:

1. Mari inoitwa mubhangi kwenhoroondo zvebhizimisi (sangano).
2. Enterprise (sangano) vakasununguka kusarudza sezvo SERVICING pamahombekombe, uye marudzi cashless kubhadhara.
3. Panovhurwa kuitika kwenhoroondo zvebhizimisi (sangano) inotongwa mutero simba.
4. Hwaro nokuti nyora-kubva zvinhu zviri kuwanikwa wayo.
5. Kubhadhara kuti bhizimisi pedyo panguva ainge atumirwa nhumbi, mbishi zvinhu.

inotevera mubhadharo

Non-mari kubhadhara iri huye yokushomeka mari pamusoro kuitika nokuda kambani (makambani) nangana zvakasimba pamwe yemafambisirwo ezvinhu, nokudzorwa Art. 855 of Civil Code of Russian Federation.

Chokutanga ose kubhadhara vari chinoitwa writs ose kukuvadza utano, uyewo kuchinjwa gupuro. Wechipiri - musi writs nokufa chokuita severance kubhadhara, kubhadhara kuti vanyori kuti rezvedzidzo basa. Wechitatu Danho zvinosanganisira kubhadhara inotambirwa, kuchinjirwa mitero (mari), kubhadhara inishuwarenzi kuti bhajeti. Wechina - nokuti vamwe writs. In rechishanu nzvimbo - vamwe mubhadharo magwaro. The hurongwa yokururamisa namagariro rinodzorwa mabhanga. Kana kutyora, maererano maitirwo yakatangwa Art. 866 of Civil Code, kubhengi asina hanya naro akaita zvichiongororwa basa, mari kufarira maererano Art. 395 of Civil Code.

Traditional siyana mubhadharo magwaro

Of RF vanotongwa vasiri mari kubhadhara, kunze muripo mirairo, kushandiswa nevamwe: tsamba zvikwereti, muunganidzwa varayirwa, zvemagetsi kubhadhara, mubhadharo zvikumbiro - zvirevo, macheki.

Tsamba mbiri dzinokodzera mutengesi, kureva. E. The munhu uyo nyasha uye akazarura tsamba mbiri. Client-mutengi anoenda kubhengi rake chikumbiro - tsamba zvikwereti. Kuti aite izvi, shandisa fomu iri muchimiro 0401063. The bhanga pahwaro nomurayiro inozviita kuita rubatso nokuda kuripwa akarongwa zvinhu kurwira maererano yakabvuma magwaro. Payment chitsama uye nguva nguva Implementation raanotaura mirayiridzo. Saka, mutengesi kwenhumbi anogamuchira uchatorarama muripo, kana tichiregeredza mutengi, kana tichiregeredza Bank chikwereti yakagamuchirwa naye. The achivaratidza bhangi anoenda nokutengesa kubhengi (kubhengi Executive). Tichiregeredza "Mutsamba mbiri" bhangi Executive kubva nhoroondo mutengi wacho Akatamisa mari, iye enlists nokutengesa kwavo.

Kuongororwa rakapa kuti cheki anaro tangi, uye kuzvishandisa nokuda kwokuripirwa mari mudhirowa pakarepo mushure mharidzo yacho cheki.

Kana muunganidzwa vasiri-mari kubhadhara muchifarira initiator Provider. Achirayiridza bhangi rake kugamuchira mari zvaitambidzwa pedyo payer, uye mbiri navo vachiongorora kwako account.

Electronic Payment Systems

XXI remakore akatipa kunoramba nzira kukarukureta - zvemagetsi kubhadhara. The Implementation pamusoro cashless kubhadhara kwazova inokwanisika. The yeGmail.END_STRONG anogona chero nguva kubvisa mari kubva muripo wako kadhi kana nhoroondo "yemagetsi chikwama", akazarura mu wemagetsi muripo hurongwa, mumwe nhoroondo kana kadhi. Izvi zvinoita kuti mari chero nguva, kubva PC yako, kusanganisira musha kusununguka mhepo.

Kuti aite izvi pamusoro PC akagadzawo WEB-App WM-Anobvuma Chiedza, mumwe smartphone - Telepat.

Zvino vanozvishandisa Russian vanoshandisa basa shoma makumi ezviuru muripo enyika. Muna 1998 makanga PayCash wemuTesitamende 1999 - ne WebMoney, muna 2002 - "Yandex". Izvi muripo hurongwa kudyidzana zvakakwana chete dzakawanda kadhi muripo maitiro uye MastercardMass VisaInternational. The mabasa zvigadzirwa mari gadziriro iri nokudzorwa Federal Mutemo "On the National Payment System."

mhedziso

Zviri pachena mari kuparadzirwa munzvimbo Russian Federation ikozvino haana kukwana simba yakarongeka, sezvo vachiri chinokosha inorwara zviri kubatikana mari kubhadhara.

Zvichakadai, kuvandudzwa cashless kubhadhara ane maonero. Pashure pezvose, mari mabikirwo XXI remakore kukurudzira mari. Kunyanya, kukura mashoko michina kwakaita yemagetsi kubhadhara ari nyore uye ichiita mabasa akawanda chokushandisa. Kwemakore gumi apfuura Kuwana yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika, yava nokukurumidza uye yakavimbika zvikuru. Zvisinei, nokuti chinokosha uvandudze vasiri mari kubhadhara zvinoda zvikuru muronga uye nokuedza akabatana rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura, mubhadharo hurongwa uye basa.