Project Life Cycle: The huru kutotanga

Zvinonzi upenyu chirongwa kunonzwisiswa sezvo vamwe maitikiro kuburikidza iyo akapfuura chinangwa zvikuru mukufamba Implementation kwayo, uye kushanda. Kuparadzana Izvi zvinokosha kwete chete kubva yokungotaura asiwo kubva rinoshanda nemaonero, nokuti zvinoita kudzora nani kurimwa rikurumidze.

The tsananguro

Pfungwa kuvaka upenyu kutenderera zvinoratidza mumwe kutevedzana matanho kuti Implementation ane pfungwa pamusoro kugadzirwa zvakanaka kana muitiro. Basa pfungwa iyi kunogona kutaurwa zvinotevera mashoko:

• anosarudza nguva chirongwa, zvakajeka inotaridza zuva mavambo ayo uye magumo;
• nezvechiratidzo muitiro anobvumira Implementation plan, unogovera nawo yakananga danho;
• Zvinoita zvinoita kuti zvakarurama kuona nhamba yevashandi vanobatanidzwa, uyewo zvakakodzera pfuma;
• It hwezvekukurukurirana ari kuongorora nzira.

Stage nechirongwa upenyu kutenderera

Panguva Implementation zano riri kugadzirwa muitiro kana zvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda nguva anotevedzana vangazivikanwa mune kambani. Saka, zvakanga akafunga govera zvinotevera nzendo chirongwa upenyu kutenderera:

• Kudzidziswa - kuenda kuwedzerwa pfungwa, uyewo kugadzirira chirongwa magwaro. Rakabudisa hwakadzama kudzidza, uyewo tsvakurudzo musika, uko rive mudziyo nokuda Implementation ose nekutambira nzendo.
• Planning - riini pamuviri, mashoko kupanana pezvakaitwa yazvakaitikira mumatanho, uyewo kugadzwa executors uye mutoro vanhu.
• Kuuraya - rinotanga achangopera urongwa kunge vanotenderwa. Zvinoreva zvizere Implementation vose yakaronga zviitwa.
• Kupera - date ongororo uye kuongorora kuti zvaidiwa dzavo akaronga. zvandinovimbisa Izvi kakawanda basa basa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti weboka muzvikamu chirongwa upenyu kutenderera pane zvinodiwa chaizvo. sangano Mumwe ane kodzero kunatsiridza muitiro uye kuiputsa muzvikamu.

chokutambudzika kutenderera

maitikiro huru ina zvinogona kupatsanurwa pane rokuvaka upenyu kutenderera, zvinoti:

• zvidzidzo risati mari - ndiye anosarudza yakanakisisa musiyano wezvinyorwa chirongwa, akurukure wekuongorora, uyewo issuance pakati kuchengetedzeka hwaishandiswa richava kukwezva guta;
• yakananga mubhizimisi, kana kuburikidza kutengeswa migove kana namajoko zvemari musangano anogamuchira mari yaidiwa kuti pave nourongwa;
• Project oparesheni - iri renguva pamwero kugadzirwa muitiro, iyo inoitwa maererano zano zvakafanorongwa;
• post-mari kudzidza ndiko kuongorora kubudirira, uye kuona zvaidiwa kwemigumisiro zvaitarisirwa.

Zvakakurukurwa basa upenyu kutenderera

Zvinonzi chacho upenyu, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, dzinogona kurongwa nomumwe yakadekara kuti chaizvo imwe vachida. Kunyange zvakadaro, vose vane zvimwe features, kureva:

• Mukuru Huwandu mutengo uye vashandi munyaya rokuvaka, riri pakati kutenderera. Mavambo uye kuguma muitiro vanoonekwa ne yakaderera prices.
• In wokutanga chokutambudzika pane mukuru mukana, uyewo chokwadi uye chokwadi pamusoro anobudirira mugumisiro basa.
• Pakutanga upenyu kutenderera chirongwa vechikamu mukana huru pamusoro kuchinja uye kuvandudza nzira kuti kuzadzisa zvinangwa. Sezvo kuri zvichiva zvakaoma kuita pamusoro nguva.

Cascade Model chirongwa upenyu kutenderera

Pasinei chokwadi kuti ichitanga mumwe nomumwe pabasa kana sangano upenyu kuti zvokunyama akasiyana, kune dzimwe mapatani zvakajairika kuti anogona kuva inokosha nheyo. Chimwe ndicho chinhu mapopoma, izvo zvinoreva inowirirana Implementation nechimwe vakaronga chiito uye kunoratidzwa anotevera zvinhu:

• vaigadzirira chirongwa yakajeka kuita kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa zvavo;
• mumwe zvinoitwa kunoyerwa yakananga pasi mabasa, uyewo fanira kuurayiwa mabasa;
• pakatanga zvenguva (kuzvidzora) matanho, iyo vachange vachiongorora zvaidiwa kare dzakabudirira urongwa.

zononoka womuenzaniso

Project Life Cycle, vari zvinogara siyana, zvakagadzirirwa maererano zononoka womuenzaniso. On mumwe dzoro iri pakutsvaga kunyatsoshanda pakukura maererano nokukosha kwayo. muenzaniso uyu kunoratidzwa yokuti racho kukura mumwe kiyi nzvimbo basa chinoumba pangozi, izvo kazhinji zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:

• kushaya vanokwanisa uye ruzivo vashandi;
• mukana kuenda pamusoro bhajeti kana regai kusangana wainyatsotaura deadlines;
• Relevance kurasikirwa kukura panguva yayo Implementation;
• kudikanwa kuchinja pakuburitswa kwacho;
• ngozi chokuita nechitarisiko zvinhu (wedzerai disruptions, kuchinja musika ezvinhu, uye zvichingodaro);
• mismatch chinzvimbo zvaida chechetere;
• kuzvipokanidza basa mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana.

incremental womuenzaniso

Project upenyu kutenderera anogona kunzi mune Pakuurayiwa incremental womuenzaniso. Kupfuura akakodzera uye wakarurama kushandiswa kwayo vaizova panyaya apo zvinofungirwa yakaoma uye yakakura basa vakawanda vechikamu. Panyaya iyi, basa vhoriyamu rakakamurwa dzakawanda zviduku zvinoriumba kuti vari akaziva muchidimbu, ipapo wedzera kusvika pamwero mukuru chirongwa.

Incremental womuenzaniso hakurevi imwe-nguva mari yose inodiwa uwandu mari. Zvinokwanisika zvishoma nezvishoma kusuma shoma, kufukidza nerimwe rematanho. Uye nekuti basa racho rwakoromoka madiki zvinoriumba, zviri zvikuru kuchinja uye anobvumira chero nguva kuti zvakakodzera kuchinja. Uye chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha izvi kurerutsa ngozi vari zvakaenzana anoparadzirwa pakati maitikiro (increments).

Misimboti upenyu nechirongwa kutenderera

Project upenyu zvinogara zviri dzinoratidzwa nhamba dzemitemo, anoti:

• kuvapo urongwa hwakadzama, iyo yakati dzose nguva, mashoko, vechikamu uyewo zviratidzo zvakajeka kusanganiswa nemashoko, kuitwa maererano basa;
• Zvinofanira akagadzira nhau hurongwa, kwamakadarika ari kupera neimwe danho zvichiongororwa abvume zvabuda kubudirira achanzi;
• Kuvapo kuongorora hurongwa, maererano iyo inogona afanotaura nezveramangwana ezvinhu, nepfungwa kuchinja;
• sangano inofanira kusimbiswa hurongwa Zvaitika Zvacho Zvauchapindura, basa aigona kunangana mugwara chero pavaipfuura upenyu kutenderera.

Muenzaniso basa muupenyu kutenderera

Zvinokosha kuti kuongorora tsika kuvaka upenyu yatinofema. Muenzaniso - budiriro uye kugadzirwa itsva smartphone yokutevedzera. Saka, kuita zvinotevera matanho kutanga:

• kuronga zvinangwa - kuwedzera Sales, vachipinda misika itsva;
• nyaya yokudzidza - kuongorora kuti zviripo mienzaniso uye zvinodiwa nevatengi;
• kudzidza uye kuchinja inopiwa kukura;
• vaigadzirira urongwa, izvo tiratidze chaiyo Implementation nguva, vatori vechikamu uye sarudzo anotyisa, uyewo bhajeti nechirongwa.

budiriro Danho kunoreva simbisa huru yacho uye zvinosanganisira:

• kugadzwa kuva maneja chirongwa - inogona kutungamirira injiniya kana munhu achitaura rationalization vaitaura ;
• kutsvaga manyuko mari - kukwezva makambani kana kushandisa pachako reserves dzayo;
• kana zvakafanira, akatenga chaiyo midziyo, nhengo uye Software;
• It akaita mukana pachisara zvingafananidzwe chokuita zviito vakwikwidzi kana mutengi pavakanzwa chigadzirwa itsva.

Mune Implementation chokutambudzika chirongwa anotanga chirongwa kugadzirwa itsva smartphone yokutevedzera. Zvakakosha kuti kuramba kuongorora kushandisa zviwanikwa, zvaidiwa deadlines, uye Chikurukuru - unhu uye zvaidiwa kwemigumisiro vakaronga.

Panguva yokupedzisira padariro zvose Kugadzirwa mabasa rinofanira kupedzwa, uye chigadzirwa raparurwa iri musika (pashure pre-yokuedzwa). Uyewo, panofanira kuitwa pakati bhajeti zvekushandisa kuzvidzora uye kuuraya deadlines.