Kupatsanura kwemafuta

The mafuta rinoshandiswa tsvedzesa injini mumotokari. Zvinokosha yakasiyana mhando. Kusarudza kunobva mhando injini uye zvose ezvinhu umo motokari iri kuvhiyiwa.

Nhasi, injini mafuta vakakamurwa zvitatu chikonzero: ne mhando, viscosity, nokuti chinangwa chahwo uye unhu.

1. Type. Muchiitiko chino, kusiyanisa chicherwa ndiyo chakaita zvokugadzirwa uye Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa anonhuwirira. The chicherwa chimiro rinogadzirirwa kuburikidza nokusanganisa nechigadziko distillate uye residual anonhuwirira. Rine mari shoma uye zvakakodzera Motors vakawanda. Chakaita zvokugadzirwa mhando zvinodhura, asi ane kumusoro unongotaura. mafuta Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa okunze zvose uye panguva chero mwaka. Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa mhando inotengwa nevanhu nokusanganisa mbiri yapfuura ndivo, saka ine kuita nani pane zvicherwa shanduro, uyewo nomutengo kuvatumwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa. mafuta kwakadaro kunogona kushandiswa mhando dzose injini.

2. Viscosity. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha chakarurama. Kwakavakirwa mafuta kupatsanura SAE J-300, rine gore mashanu okuberekwa uye zvakawanda muchando mikana matanhatu. Yokupedzisira zvinoratidza tsamba «W» (25w, 20w, 15w, 10w, 5w, 0w). Asingasviki nhamba yokutanga, iyo viscosity mafuta pazasi razero tembiricha nyore akaita kutanga chando pamusoro injini. Somuenzaniso, kana ari viscosity 0w, pombi achakwanisa kupomba mafuta ari tembiricha 35 ° C pazasi zero, uye Starter injini achava Mupumburu mumwe tembiricha kuti - 30 ° C. The chokukomborerwa viscosity iri 3.8 mm2 / c. Kana viscosity pamusoro SAE - 25W, zvinokwanisika pumpability pa - 10 ° C, uye kwokunangisa - pa - 5 ° C (kinematic viscosity iri 9.3 mm2 / c). Kumhanya mafuta runotaurwa nhamba 60, ipapo 50, 40, 30 uye 20 Pane zvose zvakasikwa zvigadzirwa kuva rokuti kaviri: wokutanga - yechando, rechipiri - kirasi gore (SAE 10W-30, somuenzaniso).

3. kupatsanura kwemafuta nokuda rokuti rinokamukana vave avo zvinoshandiswa kuti peturu injini uye avo zvinoshandiswa Diesel. Panewo Generic zvigadzirwa. On kunaka vose vane kana pasi kana kumusoro chechetere. By chinangwa injini mafuta dzinoiswa maererano akawanda gadziriro: American uye European, izvo kuona ukuru hwavo kushandiswa. The European Hurongwa anoonekwa kuva inoomesera. Zvichienderana nenzira ine injini anonhuwirira (Anti vapfeke, Anti oxidation, Anti ngura, kuchenesa, etc.) wakaiswa asi uye kuti nhengo imwe kirasi.

American API mafuta hurongwa rinokamukana muzvikamu zvakadai: «S» kuti peturu injini uye "C" nokuda Diesel.

Kupatsanura kwemafuta ino ndiyo sezvinotevera:

- nokuti peturu injini - SM (2004), SL (2001) uye kunyange SJ (1996), SH (1993), SG (1989);

- Diesel - CI-4 (2002), CH-4 (1998), mumwe CG-4 (1995), CF (1994) uye, chokwadi, CF-2 (1994), CE (1987), CD-II ( 1987).

Letters pashure S uye C anoratidza unhu chigadzirwa. Zviri nani kana tsamba ari mberi pasi arufabheti. mafuta nhasi akanzi «B» uye «A» hadzina kuitwa, nekuti vane yakaderera uchishandisa prices.

The European maitiro muudzame uye rinorondedzera nzvimbo yacho apo vaishandisa mafuta injini. Kupatsanura ACEA ane chaizvo matatu mumapoka: kuti "A" kuti peturu, uyewo "B" uye "E" nokuda Diesel injini. Kubvira 2004, paiva kirasi "C", izvo yakakodzera mafuta mhando vose.

Kupatsanura kwemafuta pamusoro European kwava sezvinotevera:

- nokuti peturu injini (motokari uye nemagudzu) - A5-2002, A4-98, A3-96, uye A2-96 achiri, A1-96;

- Diesel (motokari uye nemagudzu) - V5-2002, V4-98, V3-96, V2-96, uye pakupedzisira V1-96;

- michina mumarori uye nemarori - E5-99, E4-99, E4-98, E3-96, E2-96, uye E1-96.

The yakakura nhamba iri chokuguma, mafuta (injini) kuvakuru yepamusoro. Year wainyatsotaura neboka hyphen, ndiro gore Nokubvumira Specification.

muchairi ose anogona kusarudza mafuta injini kuti zvakakodzera. Zvisinei, zvinodiwa ake nokuti, nenzira imwe kana mumwe, hwuchavapano pasi apa kupatsanura.