Pfungwa kupatsanura pakati motokari kwemafuta

A zviine musoro pakusarudza injini kwemafuta rinokosha kuti kuramba mudzimu upi motokari injini. Naizvozvo, chiitiko ichi chinofanira kupiwa vainyatsotarisirwa.

To musi, pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana classifications kuti motokari kwemafuta. Huru parameters kuti zvinokonzera vavo vari zvinotevera:

• kutaipa;
• viscosity;
• unhu.

Vakawanda ose ndiwo kupatsanura pakati injini miti ne mhando:

• Mineral injini anonhuwirira. Ravo guru anobatsirwei kumbonyanya yakaderera mutengo. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti chakarondedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta izvi hazvisi rakafara chaizvo. Manufacturing kunoitwa nokusanganisa ari residual uye / kana distilyatnyh anonhuwirira.
• Chakaita zvokugadzirwa motokari anonhuwirira. The chikuru anobatsirwei kukwanisa kushandisa anenge zvose ezvinhu. Ndizvo chete mutengo wavo yakafara. Izvi imhaka yokuti yepamusoro zvinoriumba zvinoshandiswa pakuburitswa kwacho, uyewo wakaoma.
• Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta injini. Kushandiswa dzavo kunobatsira chaizvo kuti vose motokari uye nokuda kwayo muridzi. Injini izvi mafuta zvinoitika isingadhuri, kubatsira kuderedza mafuta kuparadzwa, uye vane waivako wakanaka. Panguva iyoyo vanogona kushandiswa mune mhando dzose injini.

kupatsanura pakati injini miti nokuda viscosity yavo (SAE-kupatsanura) iwayo akakurumbira. Maererano chakarurama ichi, vari akakamurwa marudzi anotevera:

• chando;
• yezhizha;
• mwaka.

Chokuguma injini miti yechando mhando rinoitwa kushandisa "W" tsamba (0W, 5W, 10W, uye zvichingodaro). The kumusoro uwandu pamberi tsamba ndiro yepamusoro yacho viscosity. Kana muzhizha injini mafuta, ivo vose akacherekedza nhamba oga yakafanana musimboti. Multigrade anonhuwirira hazvo kuva 2 manhamba muzita rake rizere. Makavigwa wokutanga wavo chinoratidza mafuta viscosity yakaderera tembiricha uye wechipiri - kukumikidza viscosity pa 150 ^Haiwa C uye kinematic pa 100 ^Haiwa C.

Zviripachena, chinonetsa ndiye kupatsanura pakati gwenya mafuta yepamusoro. nheyo dzaro wakaradzikwa muna 1947, apo paiva anonzi API-gradation. Rakanga vaisanganisa nokuda kanoverengeka. Modern kupatsanura kwakadai yakatanga kusvika 2001. Maererano naye, zvose injini mafuta vari huviri pakufara Categories:

• basa: 9 rinosanganisira makirasi;
• rokutengesa: zvinosanganisira makirasi 10.

All mafuta injini kubva servise Categories kurehwa dzokushandisa michina kuti vanomhanya pamusoro peturu. Panyaya zvokutengeserana anonhuwirira, vari rakagadzirirwa Diesel powertrains.

Pane zvakawanda 1 kupatsanura pakati gwenya mafuta yepamusoro siyana - ACEA. Anoparadzanisa mafuta zvose zvipenyu munzvimbo 3 mapoka: A, B uye C. Chokutanga izvi zvinosanganisira 3 Marudzi: A1, A2 uye A3. Ivo zvakagadzirirwa injini uchishanda peturu. Boka rechipiri rava akakamurwa 4 Marudzi: B1, B2, B3 uye B4. Injini izvi mafuta vari kushandisa chiedza Diesel michini, izvo yakaiswa pamusoro mutakurwi motokari uye nemagudzu akaita avo hwaro. Boka rechitatu kunosanganisirawo 4 mhando kwemafuta: C1, C2, C3 uye C4. Ivo zvinoshandiswa rinorema Diesel michini, izvo takashongedzerwa nemarori.