Kure kubva pasi kusvikira zuva

Kubva achiri muduku, munhu wose anoziva kuti zuva - ichi guru incandescent bhora nyeredzi iri kure kure. Asi mubvunzo chii kure Pasi kusvika Sun, mhinduro haagoni ose mukuru pamwe nedzidzo yepamusoro. Nyaya ino inotsanangura kuti kuchinja chinhambwe kubva Earth kusvika Sun rose gore, sezvo masayendisiti akayera nechekure uye sei yekudyidzana tichienzanisa kuti remoteness dzimwe nzvimbo zvinhu.

Sun akabvisa anenge zana nemakumi mashanu mamiriyoni chete kubva Earth. muchadenga pasi harisi denderedzwa akakwana, asi ane ellipse, saka daro pakati nepakati zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri uye Nyika panguva dzakasiyana harisi chete. Minimum kukosha kwayo nezvenyeredzi anonzi perihelion, uye kufadza - aphelion. Perihelion akaenzana zana namakumi mana navanomwe mamiriyoni makiromita, uye aphelion ukoshi chimwe namakumi mashanu navaviri miriyoni makiromita. Perihelion ari January uye aphelion - July.

Kubva Panyika kuti Sun zvinoita diki. Kutaura zvazviri, ayo dhayamita ndiyo yakakura kupfuura dhayamita panguva neequator Nyika 109 nguva. kure Great kubva Earth kusvika Sun - ndicho chikonzero kuti tinoona mudenga pachinhu duku dzvuku-uye-yellow denderedzwa. Mwedzi dzimwe nguva pedyo, asi denga usiku anotarira duku. Kure kubva pasi kusvikira zvayo dzinongoitika Satellite chete ndiye anenge kuenzana 384,3 zviuru makiromita. Izvi 390 nguva shoma pane chinhambo kubva pasi kusvikira zuva. The panguva iyo chezuva rinosvika pemvura redu, ndiye maminitsi masere nemasekonzi makumi maviri.

Sezvo masayendisiti vaigona kuyera kure Earth kusvika Sun? Nzira dzipi anoshandiswa? Yokutanga kuedza nenhungamiro ichi takaitwa muGirisi yekare, asi kutaura pamusoro chaiye nemigumisiro kuva chete pashure nemanomwe remakore. In zvapedzisira yeMiddle Ages aishandisa parallax nzira. nzira iyi kuri chokuti pachishandiswa mashoko ari pamusoro nharaunda Nyika Nenyika akataura kubva zuva richinzi angled panguva iyo solar riri panguva jengachenga achava zvinooneka Earth. The kure mumwe chinhu chimwe Space rinowanikwa nenzira parallax misha.

Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu, chimurenga wakamutsira nzira itsva kuyera marefu ari muchadenga. Radar nzira iri sezvinotevera: nenzira imwe nzvimbo chinhu ari akatuma kupomba chiratidzo iri kubva mariri, uye ipapo inobva mashoko pamusoro kufamba nguva zvechivhurumukira daro kaviri kubva Earth kusvikira chinangwa mubereko ari kumhanya dzaona kure kuzivikanwa. Nhasi, guru zvenyeredzi ane nzira itsva here kuziva vangani makiromita kure nesu nyeredzi nemapuraneti havaratidzi anozivikanwa enyeredzi. This Sunyaev-Zeldovich kwakavakirwa Kuda kutamba nguva kusiyana chinhu redhiyo rinokweva lensing, iyo inobva kudzidza Kutsauka chiedza mwaranzi ari rinokweva munda ari chinhu, nzira ezvinhu zvindori aiwanzoshandiswa kwokutanga kunyatsoongorora chinhambo kubva zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri kuti renyeredzi.

Sezvo mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii daro kubva Earth kusvika Sun? Big kana diki? Zvose ihama. Zvinokosha kana tichienzanisa kure Pasi kusvika Mars kana kumwedzi, asi zviri anenge kunyora nezvavo mukuenzaniswa kure nedzimwe nyeredzi uye mapoka enyeredzi. The pedyo Earth puraneti ndiye Venus, uye iye akabvisa mamiriyoni 41,4 makiromita. Pakati penyika Mars mamiriyoni 78.3 makiromita pakati Nyika uye Mercury - 91.6? Km. Asi Jupiter nemamwe mapuraneti hofori vari panyika kupfuura zuva.

tsika dzakadaro anowanzoshandiswa kuyera yepasi pose dzezvimwe sezvo parsecs uye makore chiedza. Kure mumwe parsec wepagore parallax ane nzvimbo chinhu chimwe wechipiri (richizonzi "parsec" - parallax chechipiri). A-gore chiedza - ndicho daro kuti chiedza anochovha pagore. tsika aya anoshandiswa kuyerwa chidzidzo mitumbi yokudenga kure. Somuenzaniso, kubva Earth kusvikira nyeredzi Alpha Centauri chiedza anoenda makore mana kusvika Sirius - makore masere nehafu, uye kune Orange hofori Betelgeuse - 650 makore!