Liberalism - dzidziso iyi rusununguko

Liberalism - zviri evanhu rwokufamba socio-enyika dzidziso imwe, iyo inobva kukosha rusununguko kwevanhu kubva mabhora ose oupenyu (pakunamata, zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, etc.).

Kare, pfungwa worupo vakasonganira kwevanhu mafungire yacho, iyo kuona kwavo munzanga uye mari yavanowana magariro zvikomborero zvinobvira.

The tanga pfungwa, izvo kwakaratidzwa liberalism - nayo Antiquity akafunga vatungamiri. Chokutanga, dzidziso Socrates munhu akanaka ezvinhu. Gare gare Roman nevaStoiki akakurukura pfungwa zvakasikwa vanhu uye akagadzira postulates womukati rusununguko womunhu uye rwokuzvarwa mutemo pakunamata.

pfungwa Ava anokwezvwa vainyatsotarisirwa vazivi ose 17-18 emakore. Maonero Descartes, Spinoza, uye Milton ari hunhu murume sezvo ndaisagona uye munzanga munhu, hurumende, chitendero uye kodzero yokuva Pfungwa hwaro pamusoro pakuzadzisa European liberalism.

Chakakosha kuti uchiumba kujeka Pfungwa yacho postulates uye pfungwa kuti vakatakura liberalism - muPurotesitendi-sangano rokuchinja zvinhu. Vamiririri Its vaiva zvinodiwa vose vanhu kodzero norusununguko rwokunamata. Panguva iyi, kunamata vakatanga kuneta.

With pave capitalist kugadzirwa uye ichatonga zvine mbiri ruzivo yesayenzi, feudal ukama Britain uye France akatanga nokukurumidza kuipa. Ropafadzo yacho vakakwirira vakava shoma, zvishoma nezvishoma aumba idzva munzanga - the bourgeoisie. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti kumbopeta dzematongerwe itsva, iyo inozivikanwa kwayo nyika tsika. Ivo mudzidziso mukati, izvo pakuzivikanwa se "liberalism".

Iyi yakanga dzinoratidzwa chokuti nevafungi vakaona huru kutyisidzira rusununguko yevanhu chiso ehurumende. Political dzidziso pamusoro liberalism vakatanga pfungwa dzakadai kudiwa yepamutemo hurumende kwakavakirwa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba kupinda Executive, zvemitemo nezvakatongwa mapazi; kuremekedzwa inalienable kwekodzero rwokunamata, okuti, kushamwaridzana musangano rezvematongerwo enyika hunhu.

Freedom zvinonzwisiswa kwete kumhedziso, asi sezvo mukana kufunga pachena, kusarudza chitendero, kuratidza maonero, kubatanidza bato, vanoita zvokutengeserana, sarudza vatongi uye achinje gosustroystva.

Izwi akazviratidza pashure kekutanga muSpain muna 1812, iyo Liberals akadana pamwe vanhu vakagadzirira mashoko bumbiro.

MuEurope, dzekare liberalism Rinobatanidzwa ne pfungwa Chirungu nezvoupfumi enyika uyo akakurukura yokuti upfumi inofanira kuva akasununguka kubva kuhurumende chipingaidzo. Sezvo pokutungamirira pfungwa kwouzivi liberalism waitsigira pave nomunhu danho. In upfumi chaanoita pfungwa dzake wakarurama kudiwa vakasununguka zvokutengeserana, Pricing, muripo, izvo zvakapa mubatanidzwa pakati pavo vaifanira kukurudzira makwikwi pakati nomumwe vaburitsi mumusika.

Liberalism - haisi nevakadzidza iyezvino. Munzira dzakawanda, zvingava zvakawanda yakarurama kuzodana zvoupfumi, Sociological nouzivi dzidziso.

Maererano pfungwa Rousseau uye Locke, murume ane dzinongoitika kodzero, izvo zvinofanira kudzivirira mamiriro. Vanotsigira pfungwa iyi vaiva Hume, Kant, Franklin, Jefferson, Condorcet, Montesquieu nevamwe. pfungwa aya anoratidzwa Declaration of Independence pakati kuUnited States muna 1776, ari Declaration of Human Rights muna 1789 uye Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Liberalism uye chiNazi liberalism zvakabatana dzavo dzinokosha zvokudya. Last dzakabudirira pfungwa dzezvoupfumi uye uzivi kubva 1930s.