Magnesium zvinhu. Chemical eremendi magnesium

Chemical chinhu pamusoro magnesium - wegumi mu periodic table. Nderake wechipiri boka newechitatu nguva. Rinowanikwawo kutaridza pasi alkaline simbi. The sainzi kuti kudzidza zvinhu izvi - kemisitiri. Periodic table, pamusoro zvinogona kudzidza nesayenzi kunoratidza kuti protons uye neutrons zviri magnesium atomu gumi. Izvi zvinogona kuzivikanwa maererano ordinal nhamba (ndiko zvakaenzana nokuwanda protons, uye maerekitironi vachava zvakafanana kana munhu kwazvakarerekera atomu, Ion pachinzvimbo).

Chemical unhu magnesium kudzidzawo kemisitiri. Mendeleev tafura zvakakodzerawo kufunga navo sezvo anotiratidza Valence ari chinhu (iyi, zviri akaenzana maviri). It kunobva boka kuti atomu ndohwavo. Uyezve, unogona kubatsira kuziva kuti magnesium matadza gobvu kuenzana makumi maviri nezvina. Kureva, mumwe norwaivhi pamusoro simbi anoyera maviri nezvina magiramu. magnesium fomura iri nyore chaizvo - haina kuva mamorekuru uye emaatomu ezvinhu zvabatanidzwa crystalline napamahwindo.

magnesium zviri semaonero yefizikisi

Sezvazviri nesimbi zvose, kunze nemekiyuri remubatanidzwa ichi ane yakasimba uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu. It ane chiedza-wachena ruvara pamwe pachangu kubwinya. simbi iyi ane hwakanyatsorwisa yakakwirira simba. At hunhu magnesium kumugumo chaiko. Funga kubvunda uye kufashaira tembiricha. Chokutanga akaenzana mazana matanhatu namakumi mashanu Celsius, wechipiri zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe Celsius. Zvinogona kwakagumisa kuti zvikuru yakaderera kubvunda simbi. Uyezve, zviri nyore kwazvo: ayo arambe achirema - 1,7 g / cm3.

Magnesium. kemesitiri

Kuziva zvechadenga fuma chaiko, unogona kuenda chikamu maitiro ake wechipiri. simbi iyi ine utsinye basa pamwero. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa kubva electrochemical munhevedzano nesimbi - zviri zvikuru pusa, saka pane zvakawanda kurudyi. Magnesium mumwe wokutanga kuruboshwe. Funga kuti chii zvinhu zvaanoita uye sei zvinoitika.

With nyore

Izvi zvinosanganisira vaya vane mamorekuru ine chimwe chete namakemikari maatomu akafanana. okisijeni iri uye fisfor, uye nesarufa, uye vamwe vakawanda. Chokutanga funga kubata pamwe oxygenic. Inonzi pomoto. Izvi unoumba munhu oxide pamusoro simbi. Kana moles maviri magnesium kupisa apo kupedza imwe Chidembo reokisijeni, tinowana moles maviri oxide. Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga nemapinduriro zvichinzi sezvinotevera: 2Mg + O ₂ = 2MgO. Uyezve, panguva combustion magnesium panze sezvo ayo nitride wakaumba, sezvo yakafanana simbi ikasakendenga pamwe senitrogen huri mumhepo.

The combustion kuti vakapedza moles matatu magnesium chete Chidembo pamusoro Nitrogen, uye mugumisiro mumwe nhuta yacho simbi nitride. An mukana wokuti vanhu vanga kuti kwemakemikari nekuita uku anogona kunyorwa seizvi: 3Mg + N ₂ = MG ₃ N _2.

Uyezve, magnesium anokwanisa kuita nevamwe nyore zvinhu zvakadai halogens. Kudyidzana navo chete kunoitika kana rokuti kuitwa neshungu yakakwirira chaizvo tembiricha. Muchiitiko chino, pane kuwedzera kuita. Kusanganisira vakadaro halogen nyore zvinhu: chloro, iodo, Bromo, fluoro. Uye zvinoitwa dzinonzi zvakakodzera: chlorination, iodination, bromination, fluorination. Sezvo atova zvinogoneka zvokufungidzira mugumisiro mukukurukurirana akadaro vanogona chloride, iodide, bromide, magnesium fluoride. Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kutora rimwe nhuta pakati magnesium uye zvakafanana ayodhini kuwana chimwe nhuta nesimbi iodide. Kutaura izvi kwemakemikari maitiro uchishandisa zvinotevera mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: MG + ₂ of I = MgI _2. The ichocho rinoitwa uye chlorination. Kuti kuita mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: MG + Cl ₂ = MgCl _2.

Uyezve, nesimbi, kusanganisira magnesium, sei pamwe phosphorus nesarufa. Muchiitiko chokutanga, unogona kuwana phosphide, rechipiri - (! Haana kuvhiringidzwa phosphates uye sulphates) sulphide. Kana ukatora moles matatu magnesium nokuwedzera moles maviri phosphorus uye nenharo kune kutsvakwa tembiricha, vakaumba mumwe norwaivhi yacho simbi phosphide. Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga of kwemakemikari kuita sezvinotevera: 3Mg + 2P = MG ₃ P _2. Saizvozvowo, kana hwakakanyiwa magnesium nesarufa kupinda chete matadza kukura uye asike zvinhu zvakafanira kuti vaumbe yakakwirira tembiricha, tinowana kupiwa simbi sulfide. Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga izvi makemikari nekuita anogona kunyorwa se: MG + S = MgS. Saka isu akatarisa simbi kuita nevamwe nyore zvinhu. Asi makemikari zvechadenga magnesium asingadi kugumira ipapo.

Zvinoitika pamwe kunzwisisa yeimwe

Kwakadaro zvinhu zvinosanganisira mvura, munyu, acids. Sezvo akasiyana pamusoro namakemikari simbi tinoita zvakasiyana. Funga zvose kuitira.

Magnesium uye mvura

In kubata zviri simbi pamwe rakajairika munyika zvemakemikari mukomboni oxide achiumbwa uye rehydrogen gasi ane kunzwa hachifadzi zvakanaka. Nekuti kuita zvinoumba mhando iyi anofanirawo neshungu. Kana kunovhengana mumwe nhuta ose magnesium uye mvura, tinowana kuti zvakafanana oxide uye rehydrogen. The kuita mukana wokuti vanhu vanga zvakanyorwa sezvinotevera: MG + H ₂ O = MgO + H _2.

Kudyidzana pamwe acids

Kufanana nevamwe mishonga vanoshingaira nesimbi, magnesium anokwanisa kubvisa maatomu rehydrogen kubva zvavo yeimwe. pezvakaitwa yakadaro inonzi kuzvitsinhanisa kuita. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, pane mumwe munhu wokutsiva rehydrogen maatomu kwemaatomu simbi paumbwe munyu rinoumbwa magnesium (kana zvimwe maatomu akafanana) uye iine acid sludge. Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kutora rimwe nhuta pakati magnesium uye kuwedzera kuna hydrochloric asidhi mune imwe mari moles maviri aumba rimwe nhuta pakati chloride pamusoro simbi uye sezvo vazhinji rehydrogen. Zvaakazoita mukana wokuti vanhu vanga taitsvaka akafanana: MG + 2HCl = MgCl ₂ + H _2.

Kudyidzana pamwe munyu

Sezvo munyu vari aumba kubva acids, hatina dudza, asi runozivisa magnesium tichitarisa kemisitiri uye kunosanganisira kufunga ayo maitiro pamwe munyu. Panyaya iyi, zvakaitwa anogona kuitika chete kana simbi chikamu munyu iri sekwaserera pane magnesium. Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kutora rimwe nhuta kuti magnesium sulfate uye mhangura sulfate nokuwana simbi iri mubvunzo nechigadziko mhangura zvienzane matadza reshiyo. Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga wanda zvakadai zvinogona kunyorwa sezvinotevera: MG + CuSO ₄ = MgSO ₄ + cú. Pane kuoneka kwomuviri ose magnesium.

Kushandiswa simbi iyi

Nokuti iye akanga ari munzira dzakawanda kupfuura aruminiyamu - zviri nyore anenge katatu, asi kaviri sezvo simba, akanga rinoparadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana maindasitiri. Izvi anonyanya avhiyesheni. Pano magnesium anotsanangura alloys kutora nzvimbo yokutanga kukurumbira pakati zvose zvakashandiswa. Uyezve, rinoshandiswa makemikari indasitiri sezvo kuderedza mumiririri chokuwana dzimwe simbi yavo yeimwe. Nokuti chokuti combustion magnesium siyana ane simba chaizvo isipi, rinoshandiswa muchiuto indasitiri kuti kugadzira hadzitani, zvichingodaro stun zvombo.

Kugadzirira magnesium

Zvikurukuru, ichi ndicho yakatsvuka zvinhu nokuda chloride yacho simbi. Izvi zvinoitwa electrolysis.

Qualitative maitiro simbi cations

Ichi rinokosha nzira yakagadzirirwa kuona kuvapo ions ane fuma. Kuti mumuedze kuvapo kugadzirisa zviri magnesium yeimwe zvinogona kuwedzerwa kwachiri potassium carbonate kana yavaibvisa hydroxide. Somugumisiro, mumwe chena precipitate kuumbwa, iro nyore zvazvichanyungudutswa acids.

Apo simbi inogona kuwanikwa zvakasikwa?

Uyu mushonga chaikosha iwayo akakurumbira zvakasikwa. The goko iri anenge maviri muzana rinoumbwa zvesimbi. Rinowanikwa murwiyo zvicherwa zvakawanda zvakadai carnallite, magnesite, dolomite, talc, asbestos. Formula chokutanga chicherwa sokunge: KCl • MgCl ₂ • 6 ₂ O. Kunenge sezvo crystals rinokwanisa kucheneruka, pink rakachenuruka, hapana tsvuku, akacheneruka yero, kana segirazi ruvara. Magnesite - ndiko magnesium carbonate, ayo makemikari payakavakirwa - MgCO _3. It ane chena ruvara, asi zvichienderana netsvina zvinogona kuchena, shava kana yeyero tint. Dolomite ane zvinotevera zvemakemikari payakavakirwa: MgCO ₃ • CaCO _3. Hazvina yellowish-pfumbu kana ocher chicherwa ane rinoonekera kubwinya.

Talc uye asbestos ndasarirwa kunzwisisa payakavakirwa: 3MgO • 4SiO ₂ • H ₂ O • 2SiO ₂ 3MgO • 2h ₂ O, ukuwo. Nokuda kwayo yakakwirira kupisa nemishonga, vari zvinowanzoshandiswa indasitiri. Uyezve, magnesium kunobatanidzwa kupinda makemikari anoumba muchitokisi mamiriro uye vazhinji Organic zvinhu. Izvi tichakurukura zvizere.

Basa magnesium kuti muviri

Izvi kwemakemikari chaikosha kuchikosha vose chirimwa uye mhuka venyama. Magnesium chirimwa muviri nyore chinokosha. Sezvo simbi ndiyo hwaro Chizenga achida upenyu hwemhuka, nekuti magnesium chikuru chezvinonhuwira chlorophyll, pasina iro muti hahugoni kuvapo. ruvara ichi rinobatanidzwa nedanho photosynthesis umo mashizha synthesized inorganic yeimwe nezvinovaka muviri. Magnesium nokuti muviri mhuka Zvinokoshawo chaizvo. Misa chikamu zvisaririra chinhu muchitokisi - 0.02-0.03%. Pasinei ndizvo zvishoma, izvozvo anoita zvakakosha chaizvo basa. Nemhaka mamiriro nayo zvinotsigirwa organelles akadai mitochondria, basa cellular afemeruke uye kwetunhu simba uyewo ribosomes, izvo yakaumbwa muna mapuroteni zvakakodzera kuti upenyu. Uyezve, rwuripowo makemikari anoumba makemikari akawanda, izvo zvinodiwa intracellular muviri uye DNA usage.

vose, magineti chinodiwa kuti muviri kuti munyaya shuga muviri, kwemafuta uye vamwe amino acids. Uyewo chiratidzo tsinga hunogona kutapukira Via rakapihwa microelement. Kuwedzera pane zviri pamusoro apa, magnesium yakakwana mumuviri kunoderedza ngozi yomwoyo, mwoyo kurwiswa uye shamhu.

Zviratidzo vamatunhu uye pasi kugutsikana mumuviri womunhu

Magnesium kushaikwa anoratidza pachayo mumuviri yakadai inokosha nyaya se BP, nekuneta uye murombo operability, kushatirwa uye murombo hope kuyeuka, dzungu, hwekazhinji. Inogonawo kuona kuda kurutsa, kugwinha, kudedera minwe, kuvhiringidzika - izvi zviratidzo yakaderera chaizvo pamwero kwemari kubva zvokudya chero chinhu. Magnesium kushayiwa mumuviri kunotungamirira kakawanda zvirwere zvokufema, kuvhiringidzika kumwoyo, uye mhando chirwere cheshuga wechipiri. Next, funga zviri magnesium mune zvokudya. Kuti tidzivise kushaya kuziva chii zvokudya vapfumi makemikari maatomu akafanana Data. Zvakakodzera kufunga chokuti vazhinji zvezviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuitika mune neizvi nyaya - the nekumwisa magnesium pamuviri, uyewo kushaya zvicherwa, akadai potassium uye yavaibvisa. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti adzokorore zvaunodya nokungwarira uye kunzwisisa musimboti dambudziko, zvakanakisisa kuita izvi nokubatsira munhu akanyoresa dietitian.

The magnesium tigutsikane ari zvigadzirwa

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinoshingaira chinhu Nde chezvinonhuwira chlorophyll. Naizvozvo, tinogona kufungidzira kuti yakawanda rayo huri mitema: .. Ko celery, dhiri, parsley, konifurawa uye makabheji, lettuce, etc. Zviri mugove ezviyo, kunyanya Buckwheat uye mapfunde, uye kunyange oatmeal uye bhari. Mukuwedzera, mashoko zvisaririra chinhu mufumi nzungu vane cashews, uye fruit, uye nzungu, uye hazelnuts, namaamanda. Uyewo yakawanda zvesimbi iri bhinzi zvakadai sebhinzi uye pizi. A yakawanda zviri huri Zvinoumba algae Somuenzaniso muna matope. Kana kushandisa mishonga iyi kunoitika muna kuipa mari, ipapo muviri wako achava haangazoshaiwi munyaya ino simbi. , Zvakanaka kana usingakwanisi dzose kudya zvokudya pamusoro apa kutenga muviri zvokuwedzera, izvo zvinosanganisira ichi chero maatomu akafanana. Asi asati kuti zvinokosha kubvunza chiremba wako.

mhedziso

Magnesium - mumwe nesimbi inokosha munyika. Zvinonzi zvinowanzoshandiswa dzakawanda maindasitiri - kubva namakemikari kusvikira Aerospace uye zvechiuto. Uyezve, zvinokosha chaizvo mukuona vokubereka. Pasina izvozvo kuvapo chero muti kana mhuka Utachiona. Nokuda ichi namakemikari eremendi, muitiro rinoitwa, aunopiwa hwose upenyu nyika - photosynthesis.