Manyoro okutanga warlock Herbert Avrilakskogo remakore rechigumi

Unhu Herbert Avrilakskogo vafarire zvikuru uyewo nevaairarama uye nokuda kwounyanzvi vakawanda ngano, kunyange apo upenyu ichi chinoshamisa nomukurumbira. Kunyange iye zvino zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti mumwe munhu aigona kushandisa epithets siyana izvi se "Warlock," "musayendisiti" uye "Pope". Zvisinei, zvose izvi uye zvakawanda kurarama zvakanaka mumwe munhu. Ndiani chaizvoizvo aiva warlock Herbert Avrilaksky anotaurwa basa rake haufi "Tenzi Margarita" by Mikhail Bulgakov? Ngatiedzei kuziva chokwadi pamusoro murume uyu aishamisa, uyo akararama pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi.

Russian mabhuku yakakurumbira Warlock

Akawanda vatinonamata vagari havasati vanzwa Herbert Avrilakskom. Uye, chokwadi, regai kunyange chavanomboziva nezvemabasa acho uye mupiro kukudziri- European nesayenzi. Chinhu bedzi apo vanhu vemazuva ano vanogona kunzwa zita akati mufananidzo kwatiri - riri kubva mumuromo Bulgakov kuti Woland, aitaura pamusoro manyoro okutanga akawana warlock Herbert Avrilakskogo chegumi remakore. Vemungano hunhu vaisimbirira kuti zvikuru akasvika muMoscow kuti parse izvi asinganzwisisiki manyoro zvinoshamisa inobatwa yepasi State Library.

Asi regai kukurumidza Voland, rinonzi Herbert Reims (ndiro imwe mazita ayo mazhinji) "warlock"? Ko vanhu vane mukurumbira akadaro aigona kukwira Holy See uye Catholic Church kutungamirira Europe? izvi zvose hazvigoni pamwe munzira inopedzerwa musayendisiti wake anooneka murume uyu ari mabasa ake Rakakwanira kadambari uye zvenyeredzi. Ndiani chaizvoizvo aiva Herbert Avrilaksky? Uye chii nyaya nezvake miganhu pamusoro ingano, uye chii mashoko anogona kunzi hwakavimbika? With nyaya dzose idzi tigokuitira zvinotevera zvikamu ino.

Uduku napapa ramangwana

Akaberekwa Herbert Avrilaksky mu rechi10 remakore, pamusoro forties muFrance mune yakanyarara nharaunda Auvergne. mhuri yake zvakasiyana zvakanyanyisa urombo, saka kubvira vachiri vaduku mukomana akatumwa wemamongi St. Gerald. Pane mwana kuziva dzidzo yake yokutanga, zvemamongi pakarepo vakaona maari penchant kuti sayenzi, kuongorora pfungwa uye Zvaifadza kuziva.

Kwapera makore mashomanana okudzidziswa, vakaziva kuti vakanga vasingagoni kupa mukomana ruzivo rukuru, raakanga vachikarira. Mufaro zvemamongi kwaari basa I akadzinga Count Borrell pakati Barcelona, vakamukumbira kuti atore mukomana kunyanyokwidziridzwa kuziva. Wemamongi vakafunga kuti Spain achakwanisa kubata Herbert nezivo esayenzi Arabhu nyika, uye kuti chii iye saka achinyatsokumbira achida. Graf akatora jaya Catalonia, apo munhu mutsva danho hwake.

The wokupedzisira ravarwi vechiKristudhomu

Kamwe muna Spain, jaya hwakatamisirwa Municipality pamusoro Vic, kwaakanga atumwa Bishop Hato kudzidziswa. Muzana remakore rechigumi, Catalonia aiva muduku chaenga nyika yechiKristu, takapoteredzwa reArab Caliphate. Zvinonzi bordered ne Andalussiey kuti akabvumira jaya kushanyira ari Cordoba - huru guta caliphate.

Zvinofadza kuti panguva ino, Europe haana zvishoma ruzivo uye vechiArabhu nyika. Kudeuka raibhurari yacho Caliphate Vakanzi zviuru mazana mashanu manyoro uye akadhindwa ari misoro yakasiyana-siyana dzesayenzi. Vose dziripo kuongorora wechiduku musayendisiti uyo chaizvoizvo woga ruzivo itsva kubva kupi.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mashoko huri raibhurari Manyoro Herbert Avrilakskogo dzinenge kuroyiwa. Aisagona kubvarura pachangu kubva kwavari, akagara kwenguva refu maawa kuverenga. zvinhu izvi kubva Biography namajaya mune ramangwana kuva hwaro kudana rive "warlock." Handiti, akanga nyanzvi Arabic sezviverengo, izvo kushanda nyore mupfungwa kuti mwoyo venguva yake. unyanzvi hwakadai ivo vaiti chete zvemashiripiti mano vakomana. Pano muna Spain, wechiduku aiva mukana wokushanda pamwe Mushosho, izvo zvinogona kunzi wokutanga kadambari muchina munyika. Nokuda pava paya yakabuda dzakawanda uye nezvimwe zvokushandisa zvakawanda kuti nokukurumidza pave kwazvo Masvomhu.

Panguva iyoyowo, Herbert Avrilaksky akatanga kunyora akadhindwa panyaya yakadai seyokuti geometry mimhanzi. Vose akazova muzinda masayendisiti European.

Outorwa kuRoma uye anogara Reims

Mune manonwe remakore rechigumi, nejaya anorichengeta yake vakaenda France, paakange kuzivana musoro Catholic Church uye Kesari Mutsvene hweRoma. Otto ndainakidzwa nepfungwa uye zivo jaya saka vakatsunga kuti iye pemurairidzi mwanakomana wake. For date basa Herbert yakapedza makore mashomanana, iye nokushingaira kuita basa rake nokudzidzisa yemberi mambo zvose aiziva pachake. Asi pashure chinguva akaziva kuti anofanira kuramba kudzidza uye akakumbira mvumo kubva mambo kusvikira Reims, apo zvakanaka panguva iyoyo zvikoro France.

Pano warlock Herbert Avrilaksky, zvinyorwa zvakange inokosha dzidziso dzimwe nyaya, akapedza yakawanda kwemakore. Akanga avimbiswa kuvaka muviri, wokutanga muEurope, Mushosho, akadzidzisa zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, dialectic uye vakaunganidza zvisingawanzoitiki akadhindwa kuti raibhurari.

Ichi nguva hwake kufamba dzakawanda ngano, asi kare vanodavira kuti vakawanda vavo ndezvechokwadi. Somuenzaniso, tinoziva kuti zuva rose, iye nharo pamwe yakakurumbira dialectician kubva kuGermany, pakupedzisira aneta chamambo, vakarega pauri ake kupesana pakati masayendisiti maviri. Uyewo, zviri Gerbert Reymssky akakwanisa nheyo European scholasticism, iyo gare gare akanga akakurumbira kwete chete France, asi dzimwe nyika. Kubva zvose pamusoro Europe vaidirana ichi yakasiyana nedzimwe mumwe vadzidzi, asi pakarepo akasarudza nzira mufundisi.

Tiaara Papa

Zvinofadza uye anenge risingadaviriki nokuda nguva iyo musayendisiti, kero izvo nguva nenguva vakapomerwa uroyi uye kukurukura dhiabhorosi, chokwadi chinoita chechi basa, kuwana mumwe kugadzwa pashure perimwe. Millennium Herbert akasarudzwa papa, uye akatanga kudana pachake Sylvester II. Kokutanga musoro Catholic Church aiva wokuFrance mumhuri murombo, asina dzidzo chaiyo.

Panzvimbo ino Herbert yakatora makore mana, tiri kuramba atarisana yakakurumbira mhirizhonga, iyo vakasundira Pope, pakupedzisira, kupunyuka kubva kuRoma. mboni yake vakaedza kanoverengeka vavezve paakaenda choushe, asi asina kukwanisa kuzadzisa ichi uye akafa. Zvisinei, unyanzvi musayendisiti uye nomukurumbira afa zvakare akatangazve musoro musoro Catholic Church uye nokukurumidza akafa pasi zita Sylvester II.

Black Legend: Herbert Avrilaksky

Kubva zvose kuti isu akuudza pamusoro, zvichida, kupfuura inoshamisa pakati rechigumi remakore wacho, zvakaoma kunzwisisa nei chinowanzoonekwa kumhurwa somunhu warlock. Asi chokwadi zvakanga akapota ngano zhinji, maererano chaainge nechokuita dhiyabhorosi uye ake vateveri.

Chinonyanya incredible makuhwa chamuita nesananguro Herbert Reims papa. Vakawanda vakararama panguva yake vakaudzwa kuti kugadzwa kwake akagamuchira pashure mukuwana dhiyabhorosi mafupa. In mutambo uyu musayendisiti haana kuenzana, saka iye akakwanisa vazowana tapedza hero mutumwa. Izvi zvaizoitawo, mhiko kukunda kuzadzisa chero chido. Somugumisiro, musoro Catholic Church akava Sylvester II.

Chimwe ngano anotaura sei Avrilaksky Herbert akaziva ake. Vamwe French angadaro aifunga kuti muna Cordoba, ainge adzidziswa yakakurumbira n'anga uyo varidzi ibhuku rakasiyana nemamwe. It zvitsinga zvose anozivikanwa n'anga nevaroyi yekare dzakatorwa. Crafty wokuFrance akasarudza kuba pfuma, uye akafurira mwanasikana n'anga yacho. Vakapofumadzwa norudo akapa pachake usiku mudzidzi baba zvemashiripiti bhuku, pashure iyo Herbert akanyangarika. Akatevera n'anga akapa Vatevere mangwanani, aigona kunzwa nezvose zvavakawanapo pasi, pasi pasi mudenga, saka nyore kubatwa mupoteri. Zvisinei, iye akakwanisa kuvanda pasi bhiriji, igumburwe pamusoro wake yakabudikira zvikamu. Saka, iye yakavanda nokuda anoona zvose ziso muroyi. Mune ramangwana, sezvo vanhu vakati, vaiita bhuku kupfuura kamwe chakabatsira Herbert mabasa ayo.

kutaura musoro

Support nerunyerekupe ukama kwandaive Pope pamwe warlocks uye nyaya vachitaura musoro. Maererano nengano, iye akaenda Herbert Avrilakskomu kubudikidza adepts ari pakavanda mashiripiti muvanhu kuti chiripo mazuva ano pane vamwe makuhwa. mashandiro ichi chinoshamisa aigona kupindura mibvunzo iri nyore rinoda monosyllabic mhinduro "hungu" kana "kwete."

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti musoro uyu akanga afanotaura rufu Pope, pashure Misa Kunoitwa Tsvene Land. Mushure vakafanotaura izvozvo Sylvester II akaramba kuenda Israeri, asi rufu kwainyanya manomano kupfuura iye.

Posthumous mugumo wokutanga wokuFrance Mutsvene See

Kunyange rufu Herbert Reims yakafukidzwa nengano uye chakavanzika. Vamwe vakararama panguva yake vakati kuti akafa achangosvitsa kuitwa duku basa chechi. Chakatishamisa papa havana kuziva kuti vanhu akamudana "Jerusarema." Saka akazadzisa nokufembera mashiripiti musoro. Kufa, Sylvester II akarayira kucheka muviri wake gura uye vakapararira kumativi akasiyana. Vazhinji vakati kuti nokuti akanga achiedza vabiridzire dhiabhorosi, uyo akatengesa mweya wake.

Zvinofadza kuti pane guva musayendisiti mukuru akanyora kwete munhuwo mashoko. Vanogona kushandurwa kuti pane mumwe nokufembera. Maererano naye, asati afa rakatevera papa muguva rimwe usiku mashoma muchanzwa nokuomba mapfupa Avrilakskogo Herbert, vasingakwanisi kuwana rugare muguva rake.

The muzvinyorwa musayendisiti mukuru

Uye chii pamusoro zvinyorwa? Handiti ndiwo navo, uye takatanga nyaya yedu pamusoro uyu aishamisa. Zvinosuruvarisa afa, hapana yakazviwanira chero maturakiti, izvo haizaiva rakavanzika ruzivo. Zvisinei, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoti Prince Vladimir akabhabhatidza Rus, pachake akasangana Sylvester II. Saka, zvinokwanisika kuti Bulgakov akanyora basa rake pamusoro zvinyorwa chaidzo, iro yaichengeterwawo kwemakore akawanda munyika yedu.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti mashiripiti magwaro asina kuwanikwa, masayendisiti European vachishingaira kushandisa akadhindwa kwesayenzi, kamwe akanyora Herbert Reims. Muupenyu hwake hwose aishanda pamusoro magwaro ari nezvenyeredzi, geometry uye vakatanga gadziriro kukarukureta inobva dzechiArabhu Mushosho. Uyewo, musayendisiti akakwanisa nheyo acoustics, nokusika zviridzwa Pythagorean vachizvikwidziridza. Sezvineiwo, nhengo, yakavakwa yemberi papa muna Reims, zvinogona kunzi kune vokutanga Europe zviridzwa hydraulic.

Chokwadi, vaya vari kutsvaka yepakutanga zvinyorwa Herbert Avrilakskogo zvemashiripiti Masvomhu uye ruzivo anogona mwoyo ino. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzakawanda nguva yedu anonzi pfuma chaiyo akadhindwa kwesayenzi, izvo akasiya nhaka zvizvarwa kupfuura asinganzwisisiki muroyi remakore rechigumi.