Nomutoro zvikwereti zviri venhaka wemufi: nyaya yacho Civil Code nokumwe kutaura

Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti vanofanira kuva mugari wenhaka - kunobatsira delo.Mozhno kuwana mufurati, motokari kana mumwe pfuma. Asi kana vanokanganwa kuti kuwedzera mari iuye venhaka akafanirwa nokuda kwechikwereti ose akaiita. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu akapfuma hama haagoni chete kusiya Villa, Yacht uye motokari mitambo, asiwo multi-mamiriyoni dhora chikwereti pamusoro zvikwereti, Magetsi nemvura.

Mhinduro iri paruvanze: "Handizivi chinhu" Kashoma munhu achava kufarira ipapo. Tinoedza kugadzirira mamiriro ezvinhu apo hama rabva shure kugamuchira mamiriyoni emadhora uye zvikwereti makuru, nokuti basa nokuda kwechikwereti pakati akaiita wacho venhaka chinyatsotsanangurwa ari mutemo. More iri gare gare.

Nomutoro zvikwereti zviri venhaka wemufi: mutemo weRoma

The Nhoroondo Midzi tsika nhaka kwete chete yacho uye yesangano, asiwo sungiro siyana ndeyemunguva mutemo weRoma. Zviri ipapo waidzora kuchinjwa kodzero uye mabasa ane private mutemo hunhu pashure mushakabvu kune dzimwe hama. Panyaya dzinongoitika mutemo, ipapo zvinofungirwa kuti chete kupa vabereki nevana vavo. Kureva, maererano naye, hapana zvikwereti uye mitoro irege zvitange, asi chete vamwe pfuma.

Asi muRoma yekare, izvi haisi kuumbwa pakarepo. akafa pfuma vagara mu "mhuri", "zita", mune ano dudziro iyi zvinoreva kuti, pakati zvose hama, uye mabasa ake mberi.

Mutemo Justinian akashandura zvakanaka uye kutanga akazviratidza venhaka akafanirwa nokuda kwechikwereti ose akaiita, uyewo ayo mitoro. Chokwadi, mabasa ose pachake hunhu wake, baba haana kumanikidzwa kuita. Zvisinei, mabasa paruzhinji hunhu Somuenzaniso, kuitarisira inopfuura venhaka. Kana vakanga vasingazivi pamusoro chikwereti siyana uye munataisireva ane afa hama, hazvina pakunomboita kubva pamutemo ari kuuya. Vakawanda nemitemo mutemo weRoma ikoko uye zvino mutemo wedu.

Civil Code. Article 1175: vagari venhaka akafanirwa nokuda kwechikwereti pakati akaiita

Modern Civil Code iroro kuchinjirwa kune muridzi itsva pfuma kwete chete, asiwo siyana chikwereti zviridzwa inosanganisira pfuma haraktera.Eto Art. 1175 "Mutoro zvikwereti venhaka wemufi." Asi wokuyera pamutemo uyu ndomumwe chinoratidza - haina kuva tsanangudzo chikwereti hwakajeka. Nokuti kunzwisisa kuti tinyatsoziva dzimwe nyaya yacho Civil Code, asi dzinokosha nuances nani, tichaedza kuti panze.

Kana zviri "mufaro" kubhadhara wokumwe chikwereti?

"Mufaro" kubhadhara nomumwe munhu chokuchenjera anouya chete panguva kupinda nhaka. Chokwadi, mugari anogona kuziva chinhu pamusoro zvikwereti wemufi, asi panyaya yebasa kugamuchirwa matsva pamutemo kuti "kusaziva mutemo pembedzo" .This zvinoreva kuti akabvuma kuti mufurati - kuva nomutsa, kubhadhara nokubatira aimbova muridzi. Uye pangava akawanda:

• Borrowings kubva chikwereti uye zvemari masangano.
• Kubhadhara rendi.
• Zvikwereti nokuti utilities uye pokugara.

Mabasa pachedu hunhu

Chokwadi, ukama zvisikwa anofanira wakagumiswa kubva musi rufu mugari. Ndiko, mudyi wenhaka Haaiti kuramba kubhadhara mwana rutsigiro vaduku vana wemufi, sezvo zvakanga muRoma yekare.

Zvisinei, kana akazviunganidzira zvikwereti zviri gupuro kwemakore rapfuura, vachafanira kubhadhara assignee.

Kuwedzera kwavari, kuti vabatsirwe pachedu hunhu inogona semhosva siyana vasiri pecuniary kana zvinhu kukuvara. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mugari akuvadzwa kukuvara mumuviri mumwe. Dare vatongerwa kuti kubhadhara tsika kukuvadza akuvara, asi akafa. Panyaya iyi, basa hakuuyi venhaka zvikwereti kubva akaiita. Of Civil Code nyaya akataura mabasa pachako hunhu.

How kugovera chikwereti?

Miganhu kuita venhaka zvikwereti kubva akaiita anopiwa zvichienderana mugove kuti kwakaitwa transferee. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mugari akasiya kvartiru.Rodstvennikov, akaparadzanisa kuva nahwo zvikamu, zvakanga mana. Somugumisiro, vose zvikwereti zvanyakufa pfuma-chokuita anofanira kukamurwa 4 zvikamu nenhamba vatsivi.

Zvakadini kana "akaturika" chikwereti mumwe?

Nyaya zvinowanzoitika kana "taigara orenji" mhuri shoma, uye dare mutongo mubhengi chikwereti kubhadhara imwe. Vanhu vakawanda vanobvunza mubvunzo: Ko pamutemo? Chaizvoizvo, hungu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vose venhaka vari akafanirwa zvikwereti kubva akaiita, nemabhengi masangano akasiyana-siyana dzimwe nguva kunokumbira imwe amutsive.

Chinetso ndechokuti kakawanda nemiedzo yakadaro vasina chifungidziro chinhu, "rombo." Dzidza pamusoro pavo chete kana chikonzi fadza Executive kugadzira, izvo zviri pamutemo kubva kumahombekombe kwenhoroondo mari paakavapa.

Kunokumbira kubhangi kudzorera mari maturo, sezvo, maererano mitemo, vose kurapa kunge akatevera. Yaitaurwa kuti "haana kuziva pamusoro dare," "Ini ndakanga vakasanyeverwa," regai kudzokera mari. Chokwadi, unogona kuedza kubvisa mutongo wedare, asi kuti adzokere mari kwaizova kwakaoma zvikuru.

Muchiitiko chino, kunouya anonzi kodzero mukana wokuzvidzivirira - mugari wenhaka uyo akabhadhara unilaterally kuti chikwereti yose wemufi, kana mari kuti mukuru kupfuura vayowo kodzero kuburikidza dare pamwe navamwe vatsivi imwe mari akabhadhara.

Kana mugari wenhaka afa asati kupinda ive nhaka

Zvokuita vanenge apo transferee vakafa pamberi wevakadzidza kuitwa pamutemo nzvimbo? On uyo ari iyi vachatakura mutoro mari yacho? Zvakaratidza kuti iyi nyaya rukasafashukira mhosva kuita kuti zvikwereti zviri venhaka akaiita, uyewo nokuda pfuma.

Heuno muenzaniso: Mumwe mugari anopinda nhaka kusiiwa mugari B, asi iye akafa pamberi pamutemo itsva mamiriro pamutemo. Muchiitiko chino, vana uye nehama asi haachazovipo hunoshamisa mari mitoro B, sezvo Asi pamutemo haana nguva kugamuchira nhaka. Asi hama chepfuma B Uye regai kundoitora.

Misi kupinda zvinodiwa

Banks kazhinji bvisai kusvikira yokupedzisira kudare iri vatsivi itsva. Chikonzero zvakajeka: Kureba kunonoka, zvikuru unogona vysudit vasingafungiri venhaka chinhu. Asi hatifaniri kukanganwa nezvenguva zvinodiwa, kuti ndizvo, zvaireva mutemo zvausingakwanisi.

Pari, zvose kurumbidzwa masangano nemakambani vanofanira kutaura mukati 3 years, maererano Civil Code. Zvisinei, zuva rinotangira nguva hakutangi kuguma expiry muzvikwereti, zvose vanhuwo vehurumende zviitiko, asi kubva pakufa akaiita. Kana mukati mumakore matatu, kubhangi haana vakakumbira chikwereti, zvino anoenda pamusoro yayo nezvinhu. Anodei pashure nguva ino hapana ane kodzero.

Kana chikwereti ari kupfuura nhaka

Vamwe vanofarira mubvunzo, chii ndiye mudyi wenhaka kuti kuita kuti zvikwereti zviri akaiita, kana uwandu munataisireva pamusoro midziyo vakagamuchira. Panyaya iyi, iyo assignee asina kubhadhara kwavari, sezvo nomurayiro haikwanise kusapfuudza kukosha nhaka.

Basa gweta

Gweta rine basa kuti ndichengetedze nhaka pfuma. Pashure porufu chikwereti vane kodzero mukati 6 mwedzi (nguva ino akataura nyaya nhaka), mupe mashoko chikwereti zvinodiwa.

A gweta anekodzero kugutsa zvavanoda uye dzokurasa pfuma wemufi chikwereti ravo nyasha. murayiro Its inosanganisira chete kunyoresa mashoko uye zvikwereti cherechedzai yemakambani vatsivi.

Asi sezvo ari kutonga, mabhanga mazhinji vasina kodzero iyi, uye kunokumbira vadyi venhaka pashure kuitwa kodzero dzose, "kwete unozvidzinga kure" nezveramangwana chikwereti, icho zvichiita kuti vanoti huwandu mudare. Zvikasadaro, zvikwereti izvi ndichaenda Nokurasikirwa kuti chikwereti masangano.

Zvaunofanira kuziva mugari wenhaka ramangwana

Paanosvika nhaka kurudyi, rangarira:

• Kusaziva pamusoro chikwereti uye siyana zvavanofanira zvemari havasiyiwi kubva kuita muripo. Murayiro inopa kuti ramangwana repamutemo mutsivi kutapudzwa, mukati nguva mwedzi 6-kudzidza nezvavo pachako.
• Pamwe zvinhu zvaitambidzwa zvikwereti yemufi.
• The kurambirwa nhaka akasununguka zvachose vose zvikwereti ose akaiita.
• Term zvemari munataisireva zvinodiwa achingopiwa makore matatu. Rinotanga pakarepo pashure pokufa akaiita. Shure kwenguva ino, hapana ane kodzero wazvipira vopinda mabhizimisi varasikirwa.
• Vose venhaka vari anorenda uye tiri akafanirwa mugove zvikwereti zvomufi zvakaenzanirana mugove wenhaka.
• Kana pfuma yaiva shoma pane zvemari mitoro, mutemo akapa nokuramba kubhadhara kwavari. Nemamwe mashoko, unogona kuwana zvikwereti kwete chete.

Tinovimba kuti nyaya achava kubatsira, nokuti hapana munhu anoziva kuti tinogona kutarisira mangwana. Sezvo vachiti, avanyevera - iri forearmed.