Mapfupa Human repasi kumugumo. Hudyu dzapasi wamativi munhu

Munhu anogona zvakakwana kufungidzira marangwanda munhu, nemhaka vakawanda mifananidzo uye vanodhirowa kuti tose makaona kuchikoro. Asi tinoziva kuti marangwanda zera munhu ine vakawanda mapfupa siyana, chimwe nechimwe anoita yakananga basa?

Human marangwanda: chii?

Human marangwanda chiri ikure. Haasi chete kutaura muviri sechinhu dzigare mairi ake zvomukati uye hurongwa, asi ndiyo nzvimbo kuda kuti tsandanyama ake. Tichibatsirwa yevanhu marangwanda anokwanisa kuita kufamba siyana: kufamba, kusvetuka, ugare muvate pasi, uye zvakawanda. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti munhu marangwanda - mapfupa remubatanidzwa - achiumbwa mwana achiri mudumbu. Zvisinei, pakutanga zviri chete shwashwa, anotsiviwa mukufamba hwake pamusoro mafupa. Mwana Mapfupa zvishoma mugomba nzvimbo. It kunoitika ikoko nedanho kukura kwevanhu. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mashandiro evanhu marangwanda ndiko kuumbwa masero eropa itsva kuti pave mwongo iri chaizvo mairi. The peculiarity mapfupa evanhu - rakachengetedzwa upenyu (uye saka kuramba kukura) vamwe fomu. List mapfupa evanhu marangwanda chinosanganisira anopfuura 200 madunhurirwa. Vakawanda vavo vari aiwanzopiwa wokushanda, vamwe hatuzoumbiki vaviri vaviri (33-34 zvidimbu). Ndivo vamwe mapfupa sternum uye dehenya, uyewo coccyx, iyo sacrum, iyo vertebrae.

Mashandiro anoita vanhu richiripo

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nedanho shanduka, t. E. The kuramba kukura womunhu, isa zvakananga zvakakanganwika kushanda vazhinji mapfupa ake. Top yevanhu marangwanda dhipatimendi pamwe chinjwa Mbabvu dzayo akagadzirirwa zvikurukuru kuti vararame munyika. Tichibatsirwa maoko anokwanisa kubika, kuita basa repamba, vanoshumira pachavo, uye zvichingodaro. D. Panewo mapfupa dzakaderera dzomuviri womunhu. Anatomy pfungwa dzavo kuitira kuti vanhu vanogona kuitwa nenzira yakarurama chinzvimbo. Panguva iyoyowo, ivo vanoshumira sehwaro kufamba uye rutsigiro rwake. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti maoko nemakumbo dzakaderera - shoma Mobile, zvichienzaniswa pamusoro. Vane uremu uye arambe achirema zvikuru hombe. Asi pamwe ichi, mabasa avo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti vanhu.

Human marangwanda repasi richiripo

Chimbofunga munhu marangwanda: kuti marangwanda repasi richiripo uye yokumusoro muzvidimbu nebhanhire vakaisawo vakasununguka chikamu. In yokumusoro ndechokuti pfupa zvinotevera: bhokisi bhandi, chipande uye clavicle, humerus uye mapfupa honokono, chiningoningo. Mapfupa ezasi Mbabvu hwevanhu dzinosanganisira: pelvic bhanhire (kana aiwanzopiwa wokushanda pelvic pfupa), femur, tibia, rutsoka. Mapfupa vakasununguka dzevanhu akaderera muzvidimbu uyewo nemabhandi vari kupikisa uremu munhu, nei vari chaizvo kwaari. Pashure pezvose, Chokwadi, chete nokushandisa yeimwe izvi kungava ari rusvingo chinzvimbo.

Pelvic bhanhire (aiwanzopiwa wokushanda hudyu mapfupa)

Wokutanga zvinoriumba chikamu, inova hwaro nokuumba mapfupa evanhu gumbo bhandi, tichasimbiswawo pelvic pfupa. Kureva izvozvo anochinja mamiriro ayo pashure pakuyaruka chero mukuru. Asati zera kuti vanoti pelvic bhanhire chinosanganisira yoga matatu mapfupa (ilium, pubis uye ischium), kubata ne cartilaginous tishu. Saka, havana chimiro mhango, uko femoral musoro iri akaisa mhando. Bone bheseni chakaumbwa unobva pamberi mapfupa akafanana. Shure, akabatana pamwe tichibatsirwa sacrum. Somugumisiro, mapfupa pelvic muchimiro mhete mhando iri dzigare mairi nhengo dzomukati.

The femur uye patella

Mapfupa evanhu gumbo bhandi hakusi Mobile sezvo vamwe kwaari, rinonzi saka - asunungure kuderedza richiripo. Inoitwa: pahudyu, gumbo uye rutsoka. Hip kana pechidya pfupa chinhu tubular pfupa. Ndirwowo kupfuura uye rakareba kupfuura ose mafupa, izvo rusununguko dzemuviri. In aro okumusoro chikamu zvakabatana kune femur pelvic bhandi achishandisa musoro uye refu mutete mutsipa. Apo mutsipa zvinoenda huru chikamu femur, pamusoro payo pane mbiri chikomo guru. Zviri pano kuti kwakunoitwa unorema rezasi muzvidimbu tsandanyama womunhu. Down pechidya mapfupa kunova mukobvu. Heano kwakadzikira maviri idzo rinobatanidza yehudyu pakupedzisira, pamwe patella uye tibia. Patella - sandara mapfupa rwakapoteredza, achibatsirwa iyo achipfugama yenyu. Mapfupa gumbo kwevanhu, kureva nebandauko uye mbiya, takura navo zvinotevera: panzvimbo kuda pakati unorema tsandanyama iri makumbo, tsoka uye anokwanisa kufonyora.

mupambare

Shin Human ine mapfupa vaviri tibia uye fibula. Ivo dziri pedyo nepedyo. Wokutanga vavo zvikuru makuru uye matema. Above payo chinobatanidza pamwe outgrowths (condyles) pakati femur uye musoro fibula. Downwardly tibia akatsauka rimwe divi kusvika medial neketani uye panorumwe - yaiva zvakananga pasi ganda. Fibula seduku kukura. Asi pamusoro kumicheto zviri thickened. Nenzira iyi hwakabatana kusvikira pamusoro tibia, uye nechepasi anoumba munhu lateral neketani. Zvakakosha kuti zvose zvinoumba ari tibia, uko kumiririra vanhu nechepazasi muzvidimbu mapfupa muri mapfupa refu.

Mapfupa netsoka dzevanhu

Mapfupa netsoka yevanhu rakakamurwa huru zvikamu zvitatu zvinoti: tarsal mapfupa, metatarsals uye phalanges. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chemabhazi ane mapfupa pachena yevanhu repasi kumugumo. Wokutanga vavo zvinosanganisira mapfupa nomwe, chinonyanya kukosha unova pfupa inonzi talus nokuita neketani, uye chitsitsinho mapfupa. Next iri metatarsals. Kune vashanu chete navo, wokutanga mukobvu zvikuru uye mapfupi pane mamwe. Zvigunwe dzine mapfupa anonzi phalanges. The peculiarity yechivako chacho ndechokuti guru chigunwe rine 2 phalanx, vamwe minwe - zvitatu.

Anatomy of Hudyu rezasi dzomuviri womunhu. Sacroiliac vadyi, pubic symphysis

Kungoda kutaura kuti zvose Hudyu rezasi gumbo riri guru kwazvo ichienzaniswa Hudyu okumusoro wamativi. Vane vakawanda mwanda siyana, kuburikidza icho akaita zvakasiyana-siyana kufamba zvinogona kuitwa tichibatsirwa tsoka dzevanhu. Mapfupa uye mapfundo repasi muzvidimbu mapfupa pakutanga akasikwa kuti ave mutsigiri nomuviri womunhu uye kuibvisa. Saka, chokwadi, ivo vane hwakavimbika, simba uye anokwanisa kumira mitoro inorema. Ngatitange pamwe okumusoro, kubudikidza nzvimbo, ari mapfundo. Uchibatsirwa wavo, mafupa pelvic vari akabatana uye akaumba munhu chiuno. A vagari mberi akadana pubic symphysis, uye shure - the sacroiliac. Chokutanga kunobva papi akananga mumwe pubic pfupa. Nokusimbaradza ari pubic symphysis chakaumbwa vakawanda nemarunda. Sacroiliac vagari ndiye rakasimba zvikuru uye husingakuvadzi immobile. Iye zvakasimba waakaita kwete chete mapfupa pelvic, asi pamwe rezasi nomuzongoza kubudikidza zvakasimba nemarunda.

Taz murume: zvikuru nezviduku. hudyu

It watopiwa inorondedzerwa kuti mapfupa evanhu repasi muzvidimbu bhanhire aimiririra zvikurukuru parutivi mapfupa. Vari zvakabatanidzwa ne pubic symphysis uye sacrum, kuti chiuno chimiro. Zviri, saka kutaura, rin'i inodzivirira ose mukati zvomukati, tsinga uye tsinga kubva Kufurirwa nevamwe. Kusiyaniswa makuru uye zviduku chiuno. Vakadzi, zviri vakwanise zvikuru uye hwakaderera kupfuura vanhu. Panguva akanaka bonde vose vakafunga kuti zviite anoburukira acho, saka chiuno ane woita chimiro uye guru chinzvimbo. Hudyu rezasi muzvidimbu mapfupa pamberi rimwe dzepamusorosoro nhengo dzeboka iri - parutivi rwakashodoka. Zvaakaona wakakurumbira kudaro? Dislocated hudyu - anozivikanwa kupfuura kuremara repasi wamativi, izvo zvinogona kuzivikanwa mumwedzi mumwe chete pashure kuberekwa kwemwana. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti kuzviita nguva, nokuti untreated zvokuongorora kunogona kuunza zvinetso zvakawanda vakura. The hudyu vadyi rine mhango pakati pelvic mapfupa uye femoral musoro. The bvunzo ine zvizhinji pamwe nemarunda, nokuda izvo zviri Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye zvikuru kufambisa. Kazhinji, asi anomaly ari muhudyu mune vana ruzivo podiatrists vanogona rokuongorora pamwe kwakajairika kuzviongorora murwere. Foot kutapa muruoko ari asingatani chakakwirira 180 madhigirii zvinogoneka chete panguva hudyu majoini utano.

ibvi-joini

Fungidzira munhu marangwanda kwevanhu. Batanidza mapfupa majoini muchimiro chomunhu zvinodiwa kuti pfupa simba pakukurukurirana nokusika kunonyanyisa mufambo ake nemakumbo. Muenzaniso wakanaka remubatanidzwa akadaro ibvi rwakashodoka. Iye, Sezvineiwo, ndicho chikamu chikuru vadyi mumuviri womunhu. Nechivako yayo zvikuru kunzwisisa: ibvi vadyi achiumbwa achishandisa condyles ari femur, patella, tibia. vagari vose wakafukidza yakavimbika netambo, iyo, pamwe nourongwa rutsoka motokari, vanorichengeta munzvimbo. Nokuda hazvina yakamira chete, asiwo achifamba. The ibvi vagari zvinogona zvakasiyana-siyana inofamba circular, flexion uye extensor.

neketani joini

vagari ichi anoshanda nokuti zvakananga kubatana norutsoka uchingodzikira gumbo. Around zvakawanda mwanda kuti vanopa siyana rwokufamba anodiwa kugadzikana womunhu muviri.

metatarsophalangeal majoini

Kudzidza Hudyu mubereko nokuda chimiro chayo, sezvo zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe zvenguvo rezasi kwevanhu richiripo. Vakafanana bhora. Kuvasimbisa kuti ave shwashwa panhivi uye pamusoro petsoka. Vanogona kufamba, kunyange kusiyana kufamba zvavo zvakasiyana hapana: chiduku zvisingakuvadzi muruoko, flexion uye anoshanda. rutsoka yevanhu ine vakawanda (anononoka-mhanya) mapfundo nemarunda. Uchibatsirwa dzavo, uye sangano kuitwa, muviri womunhu ane rutsigiro zvakakodzera. Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti mapfupa evanhu repasi muzvidimbu bhanhire shoma Mobile kupfuura iripo mapfupa dhipatimendi zvakafanana. Asi basa iri haisi shoma kana mumwe kana mumwe.

Sezvo nezera kuva nemakumbo dzevanhu?

Tose tinoziva kuti panguva upenyu kaviri vamwe kuchinja uye marangwanda remunhu. repasi muzvidimbu marangwanda kaviri kuchinja zvinoshamisa nokukwegura. Mafupa, izvo dzinokudziridzwa pachishandiswa connective zvinyama, ndivo zvinhanho zvitatu kuchinja ayo: connective zvinyama, shwashwa uye mapfupa. Pelvic pfupa: vakaisa kunyange panguva fetus. Kuvakwa cartilaginous rukoko pakati mapfupa pelvic kuponeswa yemanyorero vanhu pabonde kuibvisa. Ivo mberi kosteneyut. Patella: pfungwa Ossificação em anogona kuitika sezvo mangwanani sezvo zera 2 ari mwana, zvakazara kuitika kumwe mumakore 7. Sezvineiwo, maoko nemakumbo yakaderera mune vana vachangoberekwa varikukura nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura vakuru. Yepamusoro kufambira kukura kusvika nguva pakuyaruka: vasikana - makore 13-14; vakomana - makore 12-13.

Yeuka kuti vanhu marangwanda ari pasi-siyana kukuvara muchimiro akuvara uye kunyange mitswe. Sezvo akapa Implementation rakakura zvakadaro dzinokosha mashandiro muviri, zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa. Kudya (zvokudya zvakakwana karusiyamu kunobatsira kusimbisa marangwanda) kuti atungamirire basa mararamiro (maekisesaizi uye mitambo), akuteerere utano hwavo (chero hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka zviri kushanda marangwanda kutarisa nomazvo nyanzvi) - zvose zvaunofanira kuita kuti munhu wose. Uye zvadaro yokukwegura uchava ukasangana simba, utano uye vachifara.