Marongerwo uye kushanda mate mumasero

Munguva yeMiddle Ages paiva inonakidza nzira kuwana iri mhosva kana kwete. Akanga aida kuedza yakaoma mupunga. Kana munhu ndisingakwanisi kumedza, ipapo ini mhosva. Zvino zvakaoma kutenda, asi panguva moyo nzira yakadaro kushanda mate mumasero. wenyaya iyi uye vachaitwa yakatsaurirwa nyaya yedu.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako zvomudumbu dzevanhu hurongwa

Zvomudumbu gadziriro womunhu akauya muzvikamu zviviri. Izvi zvakaitika-kuburikidza "chubhu", unonzi zvomudumbu turakiti uye yeprostate. Recent secrete anokosha zvinhu - makemikari. Ivo rikurumidze nemakemikari, iyo inobatsira kuputsa zvokudya turakiti. Muvanhu, mhando nhatu mumasero. Aimbova dzinosanganisira mate. Ivo dziri mune nemumuromo mhango.

Chii kushanda mate mumasero? Vanopa chikuru kubudiswa chikafu. Kunyange zvazvo makemikari kuti rine nemate, vaikwanisa muchinamatira makabhohaidhiretsi chete kunzwisisa kupinda nyore.

Kugaya ari nemumuromo mhango

Zvaiitwa mate mumasero avamba akaita chete pashure nomumukanwa kuongorora kunoitika pamusoro zvakabikwa zvokudya uye tembiricha. Izvi zvinoitika uchibatsirwa vasanonoka idzodzo riri mucosa, - receptors.

Kamwe mumuromo, zvokudya wetted uye machine psac kushandisa mazino. Muvanhu, izvo kusiyaniswa. Zvichienderana nemamiriro, chimiro uye mashandiro kusiyanisa incisors, canines, zviduku molars. Rinotaurawo kunoitika uye makemikari kubudiswa zvokudya mate.

Marongerwo uye kushanda mate mumasero

Muvanhu, pane majoko matatu guru mate mumasero: parotid, submandibular uye sublingual. Rokutanga riri munzvimbo masticatory tsandanyama. Ndivo mukobvu kupfuura rune etsinga, carotid tsinga uye tsinga. The sublingual yakatsaurwa ducts ose submandibular mumasero. Vari akapa vane mapazi chiso tsinga. Sublingual zviduku kukura pakati dzakanyorwa. Ivo dziri mune eponymous pazvirugu. Nokuti muduku mate mumasero ndivo palatine, lingual, labial, buccal uye matadza. Isa localization kwavo nomumukanwa mucosa.

Mate shwanu basa iri kugaya kunotemwa zvikurukuru maererano nemamiriro zvinyama, zvavakanga wakaumba - kureva glandular epithelium. zvinyama ichi chine, zvakasimba rakachengetwa masero diki. Nokuda maumbirwo izvi zvinoumba dzinongoitika chipingamupinyi pakati Muviri zvakatipoteredza.

The Kuronga mate

Sezvo mate shwanu mashandiro sezvo wetting uye chikuru kukamurwa zvokudya sezvamunoita mu secretions zvavo mvura uye makemikari siyana. The ehupfumi of mate muviri mumwe muco-namira zvokunwa. Kuti mvura iri nheyo dzaro, achitora anopfuura 98% of zvachose sezvamunoita. Makemikari, izvo zvinosanganisira amylase, maltase uye lysozyme ozeyewa makabhohaidhiretsi. Mucous kwemashoko mate kwakunoitwa chaiyo fuma - mucin. Unique pfuma ane parotin kemikari. It inowanikwawo mate uye anogona kusimbisa enamel.

The zvokuudzwa mhango kunoramba dzinounzwa chicherwa uye makemikari nyaya. Boka rokutanga unotora yavaibvisa ions, potassium, calcium, nesilicon, magnesium, mhangura, uyewo chlorides dzavo, carbonates uye phosphates. Organic vomumatunhu mate vari mapuroteni, makemikari, hormone mavhitaminzi.

Asi chikamu Data zvinhu hakusi kugara. Zvinoumba mate zvinhu dzingasiyana zvichienderana nezera, utano ezvinhu, zvokudya akafanana, kuvapo tsika dzakaipa muvanhu. Saka, padanho thiocyanate mu vanosvuta iri yepamusoro zvikuru, sezvo fuma iyi neutralize kuti muchetura fodya youtsi. With zera, mate hwevanhu rakawedzera zviri magnesium uye calcium yakawanda.

lysozyme

Zita wechipiri yamarudzi ichi - muramidase. Nderake boka hydrolytic makemikari. Uyezve nemate, lysozyme ari misodzi fluid iri goko ari nemudumbu, nasal madzihwa, ropa, chiropa, shwashwa. A yakawanda uye ari mukaka. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti ari munhu nyaya iyi zvikuru kupfuura mhou. Uye nokufamba kwenguva, huwandu lysozyme mumukaka iri kuwedzera.

Muramidase inokwanisa muchinamatira sero masvingo mabhakitiriya. Izvi inotsanangura kwayo disinfecting ehupfumi. Rich mu lysozyme uye zai chena. Pakati chirimwa zvinenge fuma iyi ine horseradish, turnips, makabheji uye radish.

Amylase uye maltase

Mashandiro makemikari ose mate mumasero - ndiko kunonyanya kubva yavaive zvakavanzika yokuputsa polysaccharides. Pamwe pane vanenge makumi mashanu. The vaitungamirira vacho vari amylase uye maltase.

Complex makabhohaidhiretsi vanonziwo shuga. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti havana anotapira kuravira. Saka, zvose zvokudya akapfuma polysaccharides kuti muriwo mavambo. Asi pane inotapira kuravidza cleavage yavo. Fani iyi imhaka yokuti mukufamba iyi unobudisa monosaccharides, kana nyore shuga. Vane kutapira.

Nei chirimwa zvokudya ozeyewa nokukurumidza zvakadaro? Chokwadi kuti nemate makemikari vanotanga kuputsa makabhohaidhiretsi pamuromo kare. Asi mapuroteni uye makabhohaidhiretsi kuputsa kupinda monomers chete mudumbu. Makabhohaidhiretsi zvakare kuwana pane vatova uye takagadzirira Absorção de Água. Naizvozvo, chirimwa zvokudya hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru basa zvomudumbu hurongwa.

Properties mate makemikari pari zvinowanzoshandiswa indasitiri. Somuenzaniso, amylase, ane mbiriso, akawedzera kuti zvakabikwa zvinhu kunatsiridza unhu hwavo. Asi kuvapo kwavo detergents anokwanisa nokukurumidza ozeyewa starch.

mucin

Zvaiitwa mate mumasero inewo muromo ichinyongovedza uye zvokudya zvacho. It anoita mucin. fuma iyi inonzi madzihwa. Asi chokwadi chiri chisinganzwisisiki mapuroteni rinoumbwa, kuwedzera amino acids, makabhohaidhiretsi vanobatanidzwa. Mucin anoita mate viscous sezvo anokwanisa varambe mvura. Iye chinovafukidza rikamunya muchindwi zvokudya akakora, achivaita vanokwanisa zvimwe ndima kuburikidza zvomudumbu turakiti. Uyezve, madzihwa wakangamwirawo disinfecting ehupfumi. Rinovatadzisa kwemabhakitiriya aida dzaiita zvokutaurwa mucosa, uyewo avo kuunganidza racho mhango.

Sei mate

Process mate dzepanguva kunoitika. Nepo kudya zvokudya Zvinondisvota receptors rurimi uye muromo. Izvi unobereka tsinga nomunhu kuti aite kutsinga dzinouya fibers ari medulla oblongata. Kune musimboti salivation. Kubva nomunhu ake kudzokera omumuviri. Somugumisiro, salivate. Masikati anogadzirwa mune munhu 1.5 litres. Salivation zvokudya kunobva zvakananga mumuromo, akadana unconditional.

Asi kunogona kuitika pasina kuvapo chikafu. Somuenzaniso, mate unogona nevamwe muvanhu panguva pamberi zvokudya kana mufananidzo wacho, kunhuhwidza, kana kunyange nezvazvo. Chingorangarirai, zvinoita sokunge munhu yakashapa ndimu. Izvi pakarepo kukonzera salivation. Asi anofanira kuva riine dzepanguva.

Zvinonzi Munenge haamiri kubva pakurara mate. Kuderedza kwayo uwandu uye panguva rinorema kunetseka ezvinhu, zviito yokutindivadza, pamwe nemvura, tsinga zvirwere, kubereka, itsvo kukundikana uye chirwere cheshuga.

Unonzi chirwere chirwere umo uwandu mate hazvivakwani. Inonzi xerostomia. Zviratidzo zviri chirwere ndiye muromo yakaoma, kunyanya viscosity pakati nemate, zvokudya kuravira kusava, marwadzo panguva pakuparadza uye kutaura.

pakuparadza chikafu

Zvaiitwa mate omumuviri, kunoitika mumuromo, zvichiita kuti mberi kukwidziridzwa zvokudya. Pakazosvika nguva chikafu vakamedzwa, zviri kare mechanically anobvarurwa-bvarurwa, nyoro uye yapera ozeyewa. Uyezve mutauro achisunda chikafu mukanyiwa kusvikira huro. Sezvo iye anopinda yegurokuro? Izvi imhaka reductions rurimi uye tsandanyama. Panguva ino, pamukova yemweya anovhara supraglottic shwashwa. esophageal rusvingo panguva iyoyo vari ipfupi uye mukanyiwa ari kutamira zvikuru akavandudza chikamu ezvinhu kwemiviri - mudumbu.

Saka, mashandiro anoita mate dzevanhu mumasero zvinotevera:

- enzayemu - kugaya kunzwisisa makabhohaidhiretsi kupinda nyore;

- Protective - neutralization zvigare, nokuporesa nomumukanwa mucosa, kupa firimu racho zino enamel, ichivadzivirira kubva Organic acids;

- zvomudumbu - wetting uye kuderedza zvokudya;

- Uwandu hwemakemikari - ichipa mineralization zvokufonongonwa mazino munyama;

- kuchenesa - elution uye kubviswa kubva waiita mhango vokune dzimwe nyika inoramba, zvokudya residues, tusingaoneki uye muchetura.