Matangi, iri kushingaira kudzivirira. tangi dzokurwa vanoshingaira: nheyo chiito. Kugadzirwa vanoshingaira nadzo

Asi munyaya ino tichakurukura chii zvinoshingaira zvombo. Cherechedza - nyaya zvikuru dzinonakidza uye zvakakodzera. Saka, zvinoshingaira dziviriro hurongwa wakananga kupfura warheads, zvakabatanidzwa kuti radar umhare yomunharaunda simba. Izvi hurongwa inoiswa matangi.

Kana tangi Somuenzaniso, T-72 ne basa nadzo akawanikwa kusvika kwachiri nhare (antitank girinedhi magirinedhi, uye zvakafanana), anotanga rimwe projectile kuti apo pedyo ngozi chinhu rinoputika. Chii chiri kuitika? Kuchinjwa gore marara kana kuparadza kana kunetesa zvikuru zvinoita chinhu ngozi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti masayendisiti vari yakagadzirwa mano zvichishanda mhosva rwokudzivirira pasina vanoda startup.

Munguva Russian Federation

zvinoshingaira zvombo ari tangi sei? Akaumba uye rakatangwa Soviet maoko Vagadziri. Pfungwa vanoshingaira kudzivirira njanji motokari kokutanga pakaziviswa muna rimwe Tula Design Bureau, kumativi 1950. The akaisawo itsva kuvamba yokutanga "Drozd" rave yakaiswa pamusoro T-55AD, uyo akagamuchira hondo muna 1983.

Kazhinji, "Thrush" - ndiyo yokutanga munyika zvakagadzirwa, nemafungiro uye vakawanda-zvibereko. waivako Its aibvumirwa kushandisa tangi pasina kurambidzwa.

Sezvineiwo, basa nadzo zvikuru (kaviri kana kupfuura) anowedzera kutsungirira hofori simbi.

Muna 1980, kwegadziriro "Blackbird" akanga modernized uye akagamuchira indekisi "Drozd-2." Zvisinei, zvinoshingaira dziviriro "Arena" yakazokudziridzwa, asi nokuda pokuwa yaimbova Soviet Union, iye haana kupinda dzakatevedzana uyewo kunatsiridzwa zvakaoma.

Kugadzirwa yezviri nadzo "Arena" vanobatsira kuti chigadzikiso vamwe matambudziko. Somuenzaniso, kare apo achiparadza ayo warhead kurwisa inifanduri akashamiswa zvimedu reactive magirinedhi kana ATGMs uye interceptor zvombo. Zvino, kupararira nezvimedu (kumusoro kusvika pasi) uye nzira kwebasa runodzivirira chikwata vari dzaona kuti kubvisa zvachose kuramba mapazi nokuparadzwa uye panguva imwecheteyo kuitira kuparadzwa yokurwisa zvombo.

Nhasi pachikuva "Armata" inoshanda Kolomenskoye KBM KAZ. Nyanzvi dziri kushanda zvakaoma pamusoro "Afghani" kunzwisisa. Nyaya anoenda akafanana nemagadzirirwo ayo sezvamunoita achava radar millimeter siyana, uye nekuti zvakafunga kuchaitwa richashandiswa nokunganduma kune simba kuumbwa penetrator panzvimbo zvetsika spatial kusabatana chokubuda.

Trappable chipfuro kuonekwa kuti kutamira panguva kunonyanyisa kumhanya 1700 m / s.

mhiri kwemakungwa budiriro

Uye chii dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira kushingaira zvombo zviri tangi? It akasika France, USA, Germany uye Israeri. Asi Soviet Union akangoerekana dzakaparara, uye vose kuedza izvi vakafirwa kuenderana yavo. Uyezve, zvemari uto kunge akaderedzwa, uye izvi zvakaita kuti Pamariro dzakawanda nemamwe mabasa.

Tinogona chete taura mumwe kunze - "Chipingamupinyi" kuUkraine hurongwa. Kuti iye akaendeswa pachiyero aripo ivhu. Chokwadi, magadzirirwo haasati vakakwanisa April 2010, kupfuura mamiriro miedzo, uye uende basa muchiuto kuUkraine, asi chaizvo vanoshingaira kutsigira kuti ekisipoti.

Sezvineiwo, uye kuti basa nadzo? Somuenzaniso, kunzwisisa "Chipingamupinyi" rine kuziva zvinhu - chombo warheads havana moto shure, uye kudhakwa zvakananga pamusoro pemvura vemauto muchina. Uyewo, maererano Developers, dzakasarudza mubvunzo liquidation pamusoro warheads, storming kubva kumusoro. Uyezve, pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu kuyerera echeloned kusabatana uye detonation chinozunguzirwa simbi warheads nonperforated (BOPS) vachinje nzira dzavo. Ivo kana kusangana chikuru Réservation pasi vanoshorwa yorusvingo, kana kuenda kunze mapazi zvaitawo chinhu. Zviri nuances izvi ino wakaiswa muboka pose nzira yokudzivirira.

Kana paine kushingaira dzokurwa, tichaona mimwe, uye zvino pfungwa dzedu kuMadokero. Muna 2004-2006, akanatsiridzwa kukura basa kuchengeteka gadziriro yakatanga munyika dzokuMadokero. KuAmerica wakakurumidza kukura kwakadaro gadziriro: vaifanira kurwisana kuramba bombardment emauto mbiru pamusoro RPG-7 muIraq. Uyezve, hondo kuramba vachishandisa girinedhi yechipiri Lebanese launchers ATGM nokupambarwa tsinga US utungamiri.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kana America Quick Urayai maitiro zvinoda zvaitoshamisa kuvandudzwa, muIsraeri, vanotova Trophy uye Iron chibhakera operative. Pakapera hondo muna 2006, nyanzvi kunge pamuviri kushongedzera mota "Merkava-4" rinoita kudzivirira mamiriro (KAZ) "Trophy" (kugadzirwa Israeri). ino anokwanisa kuparadza zvombo kutyisidzira motokari ATRA / RPG. Ndokusaka Mk.4 ndiye wokutanga vatorwa MBT pamwe KAZ.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti matangi vokutanga basa kudzivirirwa haangasimbiswi chete nokuda kwokushayiwa mari. Serial kugadzirwa "The Iron Colossus", akashongedzerwa KAZ "Trophy" rinoreva "Merkava Mk.4M», akatanga mumwedzi mishoma ra2008. Uye muna 2009, vakatanga kupinda muchiuto.

Kazhinji, kusiyana kwevaIsraeri zvakaoma ndiyo zvaitika recharging. Uyezve, anogona kukanganisa vakawanda zvinhu.

matambudziko

Vazhinji vanoti kana pane kushingaira tangi dzokurwa, ichava Kumukundi upi alterations. Asi zvose dziviriro hurongwa dzinowanikwa pezvatinokanganisa. Hazvina kujeka kuti zvakaoma achaita anoshanda anoyevedza kuvhunduka. Vazhinji ATGM (somuenzaniso, FGM-148 nemharu) kuwira padenga tangi, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda dzakachengetedzwa mukomberedzo. Kuputika ane mamita shoma kubva "Iron Giant" anogona kukuvadza midziyo yakaiswa padenga. Zvirokwazvo kukundikana uye kuchengetedzwa gadziriro.

Uyewo, pamwe mukuru chokupika mudziyo hakudi recharging kunodzivirira vakawanda kurwisa rimwe divi. Ndicho ichi chinoratidza kufungwa iri kukura RPG-30, akashongedzerwa ane yepamusoro warhead, iyo inoita mudzimu kuchengeteka mudziyo nechokure yakachengeteka nokuda reactive girinedhi.

T-62

Uye ngationei zvinotaura T-62 tangi pamwe basa nadzo? Kazhinji, asi T-62 ( "Vanoramba 166") - paavhareji Soviet tangi. Rakagadzirirwa pahwaro T-55 tangi. Zvinonzi kwakaitwa USSR kubva muna 1961 kusvika 1975. Munyika motokari yokutanga ine mvere-akaberekera pfuti ine caliber ane 115 mm uye kurema svikiro tangi ane kunonyanyisa azvipire Reservations (pfungwa dzinokosha nemauto machine).

History chokusika

On maoko Soviet Union muna 1950s raiva T-54/55 - kumboenda svikiro tangi. The muchina yave ichi- nani, wakawedzera firepower kwayo, asi ayo 100-mm dzichapambwa pfuti yakaramba chete D-10T.

1961 asati, D-10T wakarwira duku-caliber dzokurwa kuboora projectiles uye 1950 vasisa nechokwadi chinobudirira kuroorana rutsva svikiro tangi M48 (USA). A Matangi Western panguva iyoyo kare akashanda subcaliber warheads otedinyayuschimsya tireyi uye kutenderera tinofanira kugara warheads, akabvoora zvombo Matangi muSoviet zvatinosiita marefu ose kurwa.

On pakusikwa T-62 akashanda mapoka maviri Soviet unyanzvi-tangi vavaki 1950s. Chokutanga raisanganisira kukura chombo itsva svikiro matangi mumwe kunounza upenyu kutanga racho KB Uralvagonzavod - akasika aizobudirira svikiro tangi yokutsiva T-54/55.

Zvinofadza kuti muna 1958 basa vaizotibata tangi "Vanoramba 140" yakapedzwa muna KB Uralvagonzavod. The initiator kuvaka yakapera L. N. Kartsev, uyo akashanda se mukuru Mugadziri wacho. Kuti aiona muchina mutsva akanyanya yakaderera dzokushandisa michina yemberi uye zvakaoma kushandisa.

Kufungidzira zvaizoitika ichi, nyanzvi kuva yakafanana tangi "chinhu 165", inova dzemasanganiswa, zvinosanganisira neshongwe uye "Vanoramba 140" muviri kurwisa nzvimbo "Vanoramba 150" uye injini-yedzimudzangara mugove T uye vatungamirire 55 ari mashandiro. Factory kuidzwa zvigadzirwa rapera muna 1958: maererano migumisiro Bazi Defence mvumo ubate chechipiri shanduro "Vanoramba 165", kunyange kupfuura anofungidzirwa mune chivako kuti batch mangé T-55.

Kunze "Vanoramba 165" iri 1950s, izvozvo yakada vazhinji nevamwe vechiduku netariro unosvikirwa matangi. Vari mubasa aifanira kuva itsva 100-mm dzichapambwa pfuti D-54 (Y-8TS), akasikwa 1953. Zvichienzaniswa D-10, D-54 aiva guru dzokurwa 25%, uye ayo kwokutanga velocity dzokurwa kuboora zvombo akanga yakawedzera kubva 895 kusvika 1015 m / s. Zvisinei, parameters izvi vaionekwa kukwana kuti abudirire Zvinotambudza Western Matangi uye mamwe marudzi ano anoshongwa hariko asi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubva vemauto vakagamuchira zvakakomba inopikisa kuvapo panguva D-54 tomu akamedura. mudziyo uyu vane kupfura vakabatsira kuti paumbwe chando, huruva kana jecha makore, nemafungiro aya nokuzivisa akazvitanga tangi uye anokangaidza pakuongorora nemigumisiro vachiridzira. Uyezve, vakawanda vanotya kuti tomu Nokufema vachava inokanganisa vanhu uye warrior inifanduri rutsigiro.

Basic tangi nokuva dzokurwa T-72B

Sezvineiwo, uye chii T-72B pamwe chinoshingaira zvombo? Izvi chigadzirwa shanduro 1985. It kunoratidzwa pamberi madzitateguru wegadziriro chikwata chombo zvombo uye simba warrior kudzivirirwa shongwe. Uyezve, muchina uyu ane inoshandisa dzidziso simba kudzivirira chakavakwa mumidziyo 227, pamusoro hafu iyo anoiswa pamusoro peshongwe.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti tangi nokuva dzokurwa T-72B akanga akagadzirirwa panguva mazuvaano of T-72A. The muchina chinhu chechitatu nechizvarwa MBT: kwakanyorwa vakapakata simba kuchengeteka "Contact", ari nani MSA (2E42-2 ane ndege stabilizer pfuti kuti vachiridzira parwendo) uye kwegadziriro chikwata zvombo 9K120 "Swir" (nepokuongorora zvigunwe mudziyo 1K13-49). Mazuvaano reshongwe kwakaita kuti kuwedzera uremu anosvika 44,5 matani.

T-90

Uye chii chakanaka pamusoro rinoita dzokurwa T-90? Zvinozivikanwa kuti T-90 "Vladimir" - rechiuto chawo Russian tangi. It akasikwa mukupera 1980s sechipiriso kuvandudzika kukuru muna T-72B, anotaurwa so "T-72B modernized." Asi muna 1992, akabatana hondo kare pasi T-90.

Apo Potkina VI (mukuru Mugadziri mota) raenda, hurumende yeRussia vakasarudza T-90 kuti zita "Vladimir".

Panzira, munguva kubvira 2001 kusvika 2010, T-90 kwainzi ari MBT itsva yakanaka-kutengesa pamusika nyika.

Zvinofadza kuti muna 2010 motokari atenga T-90 zvibvumirano kuti hondo Russian Federation panguva mutengo mamiriyoni 70 rubles ose. Pakazosvika 2011, kukosha T-90 yakawedzera uye vakasvika mamiriyoni 118 rubles. Kubvira pakupera 2011 kutenga T-90 nokuti mauto eRussia rikaguma.

September 9, 2011 mu Nizhny Tagil mune dzakawanda inoratidzirwa rakaratidzwa pachena T-90cm, itsva ekisipoti mharidzo T-90 tangi.

rinoita kureverera

Uye T-90 Protection rinoshanda? Nadzo Traditional zvaanazvo, ndiye, uye simba kudzivirira. Uyezve, muchina uyu akashongedzerwa pamwe chinoshingaira kudzivirira hurongwa chakavakwa kubva Manyiminya-yemagetsi kudzvinyirira "Bofu-1". Kombiyuta rakagadzirirwa kudzivirira simbi hofori antitank zvombo uye kwakarongeka zvakavakwa panzvimbo "Bofu-1" uye mudziyo Anoumba neketeni.

Sezvineiwo, mashoko "Bofu-1" rinotarisirwa kudzivirira zvombo vakapakata Semi-zvaitika nhungamiro hurongwa. It inovakwa ungatakurwa modulators, zviviri Spotlights michini OTSHU-1-7 uye kudzora chikwata.

Munhu wose anoziva kuti kana chokudzivirira kusashanda, kwegore risingapindiki nadzo. Mudziyo wezvamatongerwe chifukidziro anofumura dzinodzorwa warheads izvo takashongedzerwa kuzviidza vachizvitakudza-anotungamirirwa Laser danda pedyo Laser homing. mudziyo uyu kunodzivisa ari Laser siyana Radhika uye paumbwe imwe smokescreen.

mamiriro ichi rine yakatarwa pakati Laser mwaranzi zviratidzi zvakavakwa maviri sensors uye vaviri vakasindimara - kuwana chaiyo vatungamirire mudziyo rinoronga hurongwa uye gumi girinedhi launchers akazara aerosol.

It zvechokwadi rakasiyana kuvamba - zvinoshingaira zvombo. Nheyo dzayo vaite sezvinotevera: kana tangi iri kuona nokuda Laser nemwaranzi dzokupisa, kuti hurongwa vanoumba kweketeni, anosarudza peDare ichibviswa ngozi uye anoudza vashandi. Uyezve, kana sezvakarayirwa mutungamiri rikarira kana kwaita akaita kupfura aerosol magirinedhi, iyo pave ane aerosol gore, neutralizing ari Laser nemwaranzi, vachivhiringidza kuitwa chombo nhungamiro enyika. Mukuwedzera, achangobva-akaberekwa gore Masiki simbi muchina, akatendeuka kuva smokescreen.

"Afghani"

Saka, tinofanira kuramba funga zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshingaira zvombo. "Afghani" - rinoita kuzvidzivirira hurongwa (KAZ) tangi. It akasikwa vanamazvikokota Russian ari 2010s.

Kombiyuta anodzivirira rinorema warrior motokari nezvinhu tinofanira kugara antitank zvombo (PTUR uye COP) uye Sub-caliber warheads.

Zvakavakwa kubva radar Unit, Manyiminya-yemagetsi sensors uye Laser aiming mano, peya kutendeuka zviyero, kure kuzvidzora, a karukureta, chine netambo, mabhokisi Junction, kudzivirira maoko kutsvaka mumigodhi.

Protivosnaryadnym kudzivirirwa dzinowanzotsigi- iri pasi peshongwe pamusoro muviri, saka izvozvo trudnouyazvima kuti zvombo vakawanda, kusafanana nedzimwe KAZ. chigadzirwa Uku radar zviridzwa zviri kudzokororwa. Zvinonzi akashongedzerwa ane jamming maitiro uye anokwanisa kubvisa munitions, uchishandisa Anti nendege pfuti uye dzinokosha AESA radar. Zviya, ichi dziviriro zano, chokwadi, kunogonawo kunzi somunhu yoga akazvimirira kunzwisisa.

"Afganita" creators vawana nyika bvumidzwa RU 2263268 achizvidavirira mudziyo uchishanda panheyo "Ranwa yenyukireya" unobvumira iwe kupfura pasi zvombo vachivimbisa aimhanya anosvika 3000 m / s. Nhasi (kusvikira pakuguma wehurumende yokuedzwa) rinonyanya ane pachake kubaya panguva kumhanya anosvika 1700 m / s. Mudziyo kwakadaro kunogona gamha chero warhead uchifamba panguva kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza.

Pakutanga, "Afghani" ndiro EFP, raparurwa kubva warhead moto shure pakutanga nenzira chombo chinoita zvokukandwa mugaba pagomo (kurudyi), ipapo chero achida divi. The midziyo anokwanisa zvinobudirira kuparadza kurwisa chipfuro mhando dzose. Neshongwe anewo mhando mbiri zvombo akafukidzwa kubva kurutivi zvinokonzerwa, zvakakodzera kuti jamming, izvo masiki kuti tangi nenguva kurwisa kubva siyana ano Anti-tangi zvitundumuseremusere.

Sezvineiwo, mashoko AESA radar ndiyo yakazvimirira hurongwa.

evanhu musimboti

Trace hurongwa ukashanda sezvinotevera:

• Shandisa mashoko vakawana kuburikidza kukurukurirana migero, izvo chakavanzika muvengi, nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vasabatwa uye husingakwanisi kukanganiswa. The hurongwa hunobva pachavo kutungamirirwa uye vasabatwa nematurusi.
• Kuonekwa yokutyisidzira kuburikidza LRS. Mu "Afgane" Models nokuti T-14 T-15 kutyisidzira yakawana kuburikidza RL kure Panoramic kuona mhando, pamwe anoyevedza zvakawanda vasabatwa.
• Isa mhando kutyisidzira vari kuurayiwa pedyo-kudzivirirwa mabasa KAZ Ezvemutauro.

kuvhura urongwa:

• Nokutyisa akarwisa VOP zvinoreva (T 15 anoshandisa mudziyo 30 mm uye akatungamirira chombo gadziriro pamwe antiaircraft zvombo, uye T-14 - antiaircraft pfuti 12.7 mm).
• Chipingaidzo rinoreva kuparadzwa sighting mano, kurwisa hurongwa. Kuparadzwa anoiswa KAZ mauto.
• Kuvhura kontrboezaryadami. Kuvhura mabasa ari dhayamita maviri meters (neutralizes Uyewo kuboora anoshongwa).

The launchers "Afgane" sepombi dzinongoda pasi shongwe anogona kuiswa huru zvitundumuseremusere uye prefabricated (mbiri kana nhatu neimwe nhare). Ekupedzisira nzira ndiyo pfungwa iri regadziriro ejection interceptor vakatevera chiite chipfuro bara EFP.

Pamutemo kwakaratidza kuti rokumusoro hemisphere camouflaged KAZ, saka pane mukana kushandisa-software ichikanganisa. Vanokwanisa zvokukochekera akadaro akarongwa sumbu Anti MRL caliber warhead anenge 200 mm.

Zviya, marudzi maviri zvombo kuti vasiyana padenga, anogona kuva chikonzero chipingaidzo, uye achishandisa kuparadzwa kuderedzwa sosaiti zvombo, vachirwisa chirwirangwe. Mukuwedzera, padenga imwe zvombo girinedhi ishande refu butiro ruzha kana zvimwe chipingaidzo magirinedhi maitikiro zvisungo.

Saka zvinokosha kuti tikurukure kuvapo zvachose mishumo T-14 T-15, izvo zvinobudirira kwazvo kunodzivirira sumbu mabhomba.

Tinovimba kuti nyaya ino ichakubatsira kudzidza zvakawanda kushingaira tangi kudzivirirwa.