The chinhu uye nyaya nesayenzi enyika

Political nesayenzi - sayenzi kuti kudzidza zvose zvinhu enyika nyika, ayo tsika, Sociological, mupfungwa, masangano, uye nzvimbo zvinhu. Uye chii zvematongerwo enyika? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu inogona kunyatsonanga chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda, sezvo zvinonyatsochengeta uye yakajeka tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi uchiripo. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura, vakawanda vaibvuma wokuti veruzhinji achazoburuka chokuita nesungano akasiyana mukirasi, kwemadzinza, uye zvemagariro mapoka chisarudzo zvinetso akunde, chengetedzo uye kukura wehurumende simba. Ndicho chokwadi chipi yakabudirira mamiriro.

The chinhu uye nyaya nesayenzi enyika

Politics zvinotora kuti kudzidza zvose zvinoumba yose zvematongerwe enyika, ukuwo, chinangwa chake kufarira ndiwo enyika yose chokwadi. Asi chokwadi ichi munyika dzakasiyana-siyana kudzidza uye sayenzi vamwe - uzivi, zvepfungwa, evanhu, nhoroondo , etc. Unokubvumira kusimbisa sayenzi enyika ave yoga bazi zivo yesayenzi? Ndiyo nyaya yokudzidza. Asi pano kwenguva refu, masayendisiti enyika vaisagona kusvika nekubvirana uye tsanangudzo nyaya sayenzi iyi zvakajeka. mune chete 1948 boka nyanzvi kubva kunyika dzokuEurope uye United States akataura dambudziko, akadzidza sainzi enyika. Idzi dzinosanganisira: nhoroondo enyika, zvematongerwo enyika uye veruzhinji masangano, bato neshamwari uye kufamba, uyewo ukama dzakawanda.

Taurai Kutarira chinhu uye nyaya sayenzi enyika riri chekutanga chokuita chido kuWestern masayendisiti akawanda enyika vagovane sainzi kupinda sectors maviri - rakaiswa uye yokungotaura. Saka, mukutanga nyanzvi American ramakumi remakore Seymour Lipset akaita dzinounzwa yakazvimirira bazi enyika nezvemagariro evanhu uye aibata nyaya kutsvakurudza wayo marongerwo uye kushanda hurumende nemasangano uye yakasiyana-siyana enyika uye kudyidzana kwavo vanhu. vaongorori vakawanda vakafunga pashure S.Lipsetom anoratidza sayenzi enyika uye enyika nezvemagariro evanhu uye sayenzi enyika akagadzira chinhu sezvinotevera: kudzidza sei vanhu anoshandisa zvematongerwo enyika inodzora hwake, uye rinoungana enyika mazano ayo kukura.

Asi, pashure zvose, rutsigiro nokudenga nokuti maonero kuti sayenzi enyika - revatema sainzi, kusanganisira vakawanda zvine chokuita nokudzidza kwenzanga uye, naizvozvovo, chinhu uye nyaya sayenzi enyika zvinosanganisira wandei zvikuru zvinoriumba. Idzi dzinosanganisira: pachiyero enyika tsika kuziva zviri muvanhu; zvematongerwo enyika, vemapato uye mapoka; Inter-ehurumende uye intra-enyika kudyidzana; kuti vanotongwa enyika, kureva, munhu, magariro boka, vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika uye managerial vepamusoro.

Subject uye nzira sayenzi enyika

Political sayenzi chine sayenzi siyana, pamwe nomumwe zvinhu, nzira, uye anouya adzidze enyika mananara vanhu, vakabatanidzwa chete chinhu navo - enyika chokwadi. Politics integrates uye zvitoro zvose vakagamuchira vamwe munzanga sayenzi ruzivo uye tsvakurudzo Zvakawanikwa chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda upenyu enyika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyaya uye chinhu sayenzi enyika rinogona kurondedzerwa se pakudzidza multilateral enyika ukama, kushanda uye kusimudzira enyika yakasiyana masangano akasiyana ehurumende enyika, kudzidzwa upenyu enyika vanhu, raitonga vemapato uye kudyidzana kwavo nepfungwa pakutevedzera uye kuramba simba.

Chokwadi, kudzidza izvi mananara kunoitika vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana yesayenzi. Ndeipi nzira? zvakagadzirwa ichi yemaitiro uye nzira achigadzirira uye budiriro zivo yesayenzi. Mazuva Zvidzidzo sayenzi enyika vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana zvose zvetsika uye zvichiitika. Traditional zvinofanira kusanganisira nhoroondo, kuenzaniswa, masangano tsika, ichangoburwa - nzira nyanzvi mazano, mabhizimisi mitambo, simulation nzira, yokuronga patsva uye akarongeka Modelling.

A kunzwisisa uye gakava Kutarira chinhu uye nyaya sayenzi enyika anotsanangura zvinoshamisa uye multi-faceted yokusvika kubazi iri zivo yesayenzi randinogara rine yakatarwa kuzvimirira anoranga yesayenzi kudzidza zvimwe zvinhu zvoupenyu enyika uye kuva yayo nenyaya uye maitiro pakudzidza.