Mhando nemisha mu Russia. The Mhando chikuru vokumaruwa misha

Russia pakati pamusoro gumi kunyika tichitaura vemo. Data kubva wokupedzisira vaverengwe, iyo inoitwa 2010, kuratidza kuti vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 142 vanogara munyika.

Takarongwa tsindirana dzokugara vanhu nokuumba yawo. mhando dzavo chikuru anomirirwa muRussia - guta, taundi duku, musha, musha, musha, Hamlet, musha. Inotungamirwa nemisha yakafanira kune zvikonzero zvizhinji. Primary nemisha kuonekwa munzvimbo pamwe kupfuura zvakanaka okunze uye kuzorodzwa ezvinhu, mashoko maindasitiri uye upfumi zvinogona.

Russia - inyika ine kumbonyanya hasha okunze kuti zvechokwadi kunonyanya zvarinoita paumbwe ezvinhu nemisha. Zvikuru dzine vakawanda nzvimbo Russian Federation ndiye chinokosha.

Chimwe kukanganisa kugarwa, iri nezvenzvimbo maindasitiri zvinogona ndima. Akapiwa chokwadi kuti huru chicherwa deposits muRussia dziri kuchamhembe munharaunda yayo, chikamu ichi nyika - kupfuura industrially dzakabudirira kumatunhu pamwe nekaupenyu yakakwirira vanogara arambe achirema.

Funga Mhando nemisha muna Russian Federation.

Nemisha

Api nemisha vari? misha yose iri Russian Federation vari rakakamurwa kumaruwa uye madhorobha, izvo zvinoreva chikuru chimiro basa vanhu.

Chikuru Russian vanogara anogara muguta. Izvi kutsanangura zvose munzanga uye zvinhu zvikonzero. Cities vacho nzvimbo yebudiriro ane dzakasimukira kwezvivako, Kuwanikwa zvetsika nemagariro zvivako, vakasununguka, pane mumaruwa nderemagariro. zvikonzero izvi kuti kumaruwa Eksodho kubva kure uye zvinenge kutsakatika vokumaruwa misha duku.

Chirongwa hwomusoro maguta nemisha rinonzi urbanization. guta Primary muRussia ndiyo yekubasa muzinda vanobvumirwa kupukunyuka kuziya vanhuwo zvavo. Pokumuka nzvimbo izvi zvakaita kuti avo yokuwedzera uye sezvo zvakaguma kuwedzera nhamba kurarama maari. Nhasi,-makota matatu vomuSouth anogara mumaguta.

Huru kupatsanura inoratidza mhando nemisha chinhu kupatsanura chokuita nevanhu.

Zvinoitwa mumaguta nokuda kwevanhu

Uwandu maguta nemisha muRussia, anopfuura 2000 okuremekedza, izvo maguta chiuru chimwe namakumi anopfuura zviuru zviviri townships. Nokuti Maguta Russian ndivo nemisha, nhamba yevanhu vanogara pasingazosiyiwi vanhu zvishoma pane zviuru gumi, uyo vanopfuura 90 muzana mubasa kugadzirwa, magariro uye basa sectors.

Moscow - huru guta Russian Federation, rayo guru, apo vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 10.

Population unokubvumira kugovera kweguta marudzi anotevera dzomumisha:

• guta Extra-guru, kana guta yeshoroma, ane vakawanda kwazvo mamiriyoni matatu. MuRussia, maguta aya 2 - Moscow uye St. Petersburg.
• The Kudeuka guta rine vanhu pakati mumwe uye vatatu miriyoni. MuRussia, maguta 13 rine vanhu ari yakazivisa chikuva, kusanganisira Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa.
• guta guru, ane vagari inoumbwa mazana maviri ane makumi mashanu kusvika miriyoni imwe. MuRussia mune maguta anopfuura makumi mana.
• maguta makuru, apo nhamba yevanhu yokurarama kunosiyana-siyana mukati zana maviri namakumi mashanu zviuru. The nyika yave nhamba yavo kupfuura pfumbamwe vemakumi.
• Svikiro kadikidiki maguta, apo zviuru makumi mashanu-zana upenyu. Nokuwanda wakakunda zana namakumi mashanu.
• maguta maduku nemisha, vanhu asingasvavi pfuura vanhu zviuru makumi mashanu.

The kupfuura zvikuru vanogara kukura kunoitika mumaguta nemisha makuru nokuda kwavo mukufambira mberi mumabasa okugadzira.

mumadhorobha agglomeration

Kutaura mhando mumaguta ose Russia, zvakakodzerawo uchifunga pfungwa "omumaguta agglomeration". Pasi pfungwa iyi zvinoreva pamwe iri pedyo zvikuru guta svikiro kadikidiki maguta vakabatanidzwa basa, infrastructural, maindasitiri uye mamwe marudzi kubatana.

Maguta aya Svikiro kadikidiki vainzi maguta Satellite. Satellite maguta kuderedza arambe achirema chavagari ari makuru.

Chinhu chinokosha muve panowanikwa agglomerations kunokudziridzwa chokufambisa kubatana pakati maguta. The Russian kwomwedzi maguta yakaumbwa Kuibyshev, Moscow, St. Petersburg.

Combination Mega agglomerations zvinenge zvanyatsobuda. The megalopolises Russian havasi kuumbwa nhasi.

Zvinoitwa mumaguta ari STRUCTURAL hwaro

Miganhu maumbirwo Russia anobvumira kusarudza mhando aya mumadhorobha nzvimbo: yeUnited, kwematunhu (.. Regional dzakapoteredza, Republican, etc.) uye weruwa pamwero.

RF Constitution rinorondedzera yeUnited guta neguta Moscow, St. Petersburg uye Sevastopol.

Maguta zvenharaunda kukosha vanoonekwa maguta kuti vave zveupfumi uye netsika pakati, dzinoratidzwa pave indasitiri uye uwandu hwevanhu kupfuura vanhu zviuru makumi matatu.

Zvisinei, vanhu quantitative zviratidzi vokuparidzira mumaguta havasi luukse vanowanzova pokutanga. More kukosha yokuona nayo classifying maguta maguta remunharaunda kukosha zvinogona sechinoitika yavo mumagariro, upfumi kuita, kubudirira munzanga uye dzetsika, nhoroondo kusiyana, kwenguva refu urongwa kuwedzera kwouwandu hwevanhu uye zvoupfumi. Kuwedzera pamusoro apa nzira, kuti atsaure maguta kumaguta kwematunhu kukosha uye dzinofanira kufungwa guta reruwa mamiriro.

Zvinodiwa Kuti nhamba vanogara mumaguta remunharaunda kukosha vari nomumwe nomumwe Musoro Russian Federation. Kazhinji, izvi zvinosanganisira mumaguta rine vanhu mukati zviuru makumi mashanu. On mundima guta pane indasitiri kunyatsobudirira utilities, ichipa rubatsiro dzidzo, zvokurapa uye zvokutengeserana masangano, uyewo tsika masangano.

Zvinoitwa mumaguta ari dzichipfekeka hwaro

Zvinotevera typology pamusoro mhando nemisha dzevanhu kunosanganisira nokupesana kwavo, iyo yakavakirwa executable mashandiro muguta. Kune vaya zvinhu zvinosanganisira: zvematongerwe uye okutarisira, maindasitiri, zvekufambisa, kutengeserana, dzesayenzi, uto, kuzvivaraidza (hwomuviri) shanda. Zvichitsamira uwandu mashandiro kuitwa muguta akakamurwa monofunctional uye multifunctional.

Zvinoitwa maguta zveupfumi uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu

Uyewo anotipa grading maguta pamusoro mhando nemisha zvavo ezvoupfumi uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu:

• riri pana zvicherwa deposits;
• chokuita njanji kwezvivako;
• chiteshi;
• maindasitiri neyokufambisa.

mumadhorobha ugari

Zvenguva pakati mumadhorobha uye mumaruwa mu Russia chinhu dzomumaguta-mhando ugari. Izvi zvenguva ane nezvainoita nhamba nhengo nemisha zvakadai, uyewo pamusoro kutsanangurwa basa.

Total mumaguta ari Russian Federation pane 1200 dzakabatana. Number yokurarama munzvimbo dzakadaro ingabva mashoma gumi yakawanda zviuru. The Kudeuka mumadhorobha-mhando misha muRussia akaziva Ordzhonikidzevskya musha, apo vanhu vanopfuura zviuru 64.

Kune subspecies anoverengeka mumadhorobha misha, izvo dziri kunze kweguta. Misha akadaro: nemisha vashandi ', uko maindasitiri zvivako (population vanenge zviuru zvitatu); Holiday nemisha (population kusvikira vanhu zviuru zviviri); Suburban yawo.

Rural nemisha vari rinonyanya kumiririrwa mu Russia. yaipedzerwa yavo kwazvo 150 zviuru. A kota pfungwa idzi zvinogona kunzi kune dzakati vakawanda, asingasviki 10 vanhu vanogara maari.

Pasinei chinokosha uwandu zviri kumaruwa, nhamba kurarama mazviri zvishoma kupfuura makumi maviri muzana vanosvika Russian vanogara.

mamiriro ezvinhu aya ari nokuda yakaderera mararamiro mumusha, ayo simba kwezvinhu zvokushandisa, izvo zvinozoita inoendesa vaitamira kumaguta.

Types dzomumisha kumaruwa, zvichienderana hwevanhu yavo inogona Classified sezvinotevera:

• Large, rine vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvishanu.
• Large, rine vanhu vanosvika zviuru zvishanu.
• Avhareji rine vanhu pakati maviri zana - chimwe chiuru vanhu.
• Small rine vanhu vanhu mazana maviri.

The Mhando chikuru vokumaruwa nemisha, anounzwa Russia

• The musha - imwe nzvimbo huru iyo hakuna kana aimbova chechi. Iye anoshumira muzinda.
• The musha - a nzvimbo duku, izvo nhoroondo kumbova chechi.
• Village - mutsva mhando kumaruwa kugarwa, izvo akasimuka mumazuva Soviet Union.
• Aul - kugarwa, waimirira dzinza vokuparidzira: Circassian, Abaza uye Nogai.
• Farm - kugarwa nomunhu purazi nomumwe, iine outbuildings, uwandu asingasvavi pfuura 10.
• Village - musha akaumba Cossack. Kudeuka musha munyika - Kanevskaya Krasnodar Territory, vagari vemo - vanenge zviuru 45 vanhu.

Types dzomumisha dzakaumbwa muRussia kwemakore akawanda. Sangano dzomumisha riri kunetseka kwazvo dzinongoitika uye okunze zvinhu. Agriculture - huru mhando basa vanhu vanogara mumisha nhasi. Yakanaka okunze basa guru pano.

Kwakapiwa kuti vazhinji monkey-yaishandiswa musha, nhasi chikuru marudzi nemisha - guta.

To muchidimbu

Zvatakurukura dingindira "api nemisha akaumba pamusoro munharaunda Russian Federation", tinogona kugumisa kuti quantitatively kukunda kumaruwa, asi mumaguta hwevanhu arambe achirema iri yepamusoro zvikuru.