Morpheme - chii ichi? Morpheme - mienzaniso

Zvirokwazvo mudzidzi mumwe vakasangana nerondedzero iyi, sezvo imwe morpheme. Pfungwa iyi zvikuru chokuita murwiyo mashoko uye ruzivo kunobatsira azadzise morphemic kuongorora. Ngatimbotaura chii. Tichanzwisisa uye kuti chokwadi kuti morphemic kuongorora zvakadaro.

Chii morpheme?

Morpheme - ndiye muduku chinokosha chikamu shoko. Nguva yokutanga izwi akashandurwa sezvaari yakakurumbira musayendisiti Baduenom of Courtenay achiri pakati XIX remakore uye rinoshandiswa zvemutauro kusvikira zvino.

Mashoko ose ari anoumbwa morphemes. Ivo - Nzira Dzokuvaka hunoumba mashoko. Mumwe rokuti ave ane kukosha kwayo uye basa. Zvinotevera mhando morphemes: fanira uye hako. Iva nechokwadi kuti nguva dzose aripo pashoko anonzi mudzi. Opsioneel anogona zvose kuva chikamu chiratidzo, uye kupinda mariri. morphemes izvi akadana affixes. Ngationgororei chimwe nechimwe mhando yoga.

zvaida morpheme

Sezvambotaurwa, mutemo unoti morpheme mumutauro Russian chete chete, uye anonzi mudzi. Hakuna shoko ingadai ariko pasina morpheme ichi. Words pasina mudzi (Kunze - zvimwe hwebetsero zvikamu kutaura) hatisi mumutauro weRussia.

Zviri guru, sezvo ane huru lexical zvinoreva. Somuenzaniso, chiratidzo matanda, dondo, forester chinayo chimwe mudzi - huni. Mashoko ose aya kukosha akafanana chokuita musango. Chinhu bedzi - musiyano wavo kwerima guru. Saka, sango - chinhambwe akafukidzwa miti; Forest - chokuita dondo; forester - munhu anorinda naye.

Mukomboni mashoko akawanda midzi, somuenzaniso, mune shoko svetloliky pamidzi maviri - chiedza uye chiso. Usakanganwa pamusoro parsing mashoko. Zvikurukuru, mashoko kunzwisisa vane midzi mbiri, mune zvimwe zviitiko, vangave kuitika zhinji vanochengeta mashoko.

Opsioneel morpheme

Opsioneel morpheme mutauro Russian - affixes. Pakati pavo pane zvinotevera:

• chivakashure kana prefixes;
• mumwe suffix kana suffixes;
• flexion kana kuvhara;
• interfiksy.

Vanogona kuva pashoko kana kwete. Uyezve, mumwe mutsva optioneel morpheme rinopa matswa.

The nezvemarudzi maviri morphemes okutanga kubudisa lexical uye girama zvaanoreva. Flexion kunoratidzirwa chete zvivakamutauro zvinoreva shoko. Kunyange zero, kureva, vasina inzwi okuti, mugumo inoratidza zvivakamutauro zvinoreva zviri chiratidzo.

Chivakashure uye postfix

Ngatikurukurei kutanga avo morpheme, izvo ipai lexical uye girama nuances itsva.

Prefixes munogara iri pakutanga shoko uye kuchinja kukosha kwayo. In mutauro wokuRussia, pane vanenge 70 prefixes. Vazhinji vavo inoumbwa Zvireva mwene. Kuchikoro, vanowanzoororwa akataura yakatarwa-pamusoro mabhokisi sezvo. Mumwe kunyaradzana ine ukoshi hwayo uye anochinja nuance kwemashoko. Somuenzaniso, enda - kwokuenda; kutyaira - pedyo chinhu.

Izvi anoshandura mashoko lexical zvinoreva shoko, asi chikamu kutaura icho chinofanira, inoramba kuzochinja.

Postfix nguva iri pakati midzi inzwi (kana zviri mushoko). Vanoshumira kwete chete kuti vaumbe ukoshi itsva, asi kuti pave itsva mukukurukurirana. Saka, pamwe suffix -n- kubva pazita racho chipauro dondo musango vakafara.

Vamwe suffixes vanoumba kunechirevo itsva. Saka, pane diminutive suffixes, akadai: -ushk-, -chik-, -ochk- nevamwe. With zviratidzo aya akaumbwa itsva tint ukoshi. Somuenzaniso: nzeve - nzeve, munwe - munwe, tswanda - mudengu.

Shoko ingava shoma prefixes uye suffixes. Zvose zvinoenderana nemamiriro chiratidzo uye kukosha kwayo. Naizvozvo, zvichiita kuongorora morphemes mazwi, unofanira kubhadhara ngwariro chaiyo iyi.

Interfiksy

morphemes izvi kushumira kubatanidza akawanda midzi muna akakura mashoko. Somuenzaniso, shoko idler rine mashoko maviri - huma uye kudedera. Akabatanidzwa interfiksom -o-. Interfiksy kwete nguva dzose kuchikoro, kazhinji vanenge anotaurwa chete kuchikoro chesekondari, uye ipapo zvishoma.

kuti shoko

Kudzidza kuti morpheme - chinokosha mugove chiratidzo, tinofanira kuyeuka imwe kukosha chikamu - yakavakirwa. Ichi chinhu chisingaperi chikamu shoko, kuti chikamu chacho pasina mugumo. Nechepasi rine dzinokosha lexical zvinoreva uye anogona kuva mudzi mumwe chete kana midzi namira (affixes). The rechiito garo anogona kwaizombomiswa pakazopera, kana pane postfix-Xia kana -s. Somuenzaniso, mune shoko akatenga kuumbwa zvichabviswa yakapindira kuguma kucherekedza akafanana Utenge-uye-mumatende.

flexion

morphemes aya anoshandiswa kutaura zvivakamutauro nechinangwa. Kosi yacho dzinonzi harinzwi. Uchibatsirwa yavo yakajeka zvivakamutauro zvaanoreva. Nouns ndiyo munhurume, nhamba uye nyaya. Flexion varipo mumativi ose hwekutaura, asi chisingaperi, zvakadai adverbs, conjunctions, sechikonzero. Munzvimbo idzi kutaura havasi kumira panze. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzose kutaura pasina kuguma rakundwa sezvo razero.

Somuenzaniso, shoko richava razero matanda magumo, matanda magumo shoko achapiwa kutaurwa. Panyaya iyi, nokuguma kweshoko ataure kuti pazita ichi zvinoreva muzvizhinji uye ari nominative nyaya.

Morphemic kuongorora mashoko

Saka, takaona kuti morpheme - ndiye muduku chinokosha chikamu chiratidzo. Ikozvino ngatitaurei pamusoro morphemic parsing. Kuti zvakanaka kuti morphemic pachisara unofanira kuomerera mitemo inotevera.

1. Kutanga, isu vakaongorora chiratidzo asunungurwa kubva kuroorwa kana zvinyorwa zviri muchimiro pazviri ikoko.

2. Sarudza chikamu kutaura uye kana dzinosiyana. Kana hongu, enda kupindira 3, kana kwete - kuti ambomira 4.

3. Find nokuguma. Nokuti uta ichi pamusoro pazororo kana nyaya, nhamba. The shanduka chikamu ichaguma.

4. Sarudza chawo. Hwaro - kuti shoko rose pasina mugumo.

5. Tsvaka mudzi. Kuti aite izvi, sarudza cognates akasiyana kumativi shoko.

6. Sarudza yakatarwa-pamusoro bhokisi, inomira pamberi mudzi.

7. Sarudza suffixes. Kuti aite izvi, sarudza shoko yakafanana suffixes, asi midzi zvakasiyana. Ziva kuti mamwe mashoko anogona kuva akawanda prefixes uye suffixes. Somuenzaniso, vakawanda kusingafadzi shoko rine pakapfava vaviri pre-kwete-ndafara. Uye shoko muroti matatu suffix: Dream-a-Tel Maths.

Ndiyo kuongorora yose murwiyo.

MUENZANISO morphemic ongororo

Ngatitarisei neshoko rimwe, saka unogona kuona musimboti wenyika morphemic kuongorora uye nomusoro kutevedzana yezviito. Tora nechiyero pamwe pfungwa: "Handina kumboona munhu akwegura."

1. Wati akanyorwa shoko "akwegura."

2. vakaramba mutana, mutana - ari pazita kuchinja.

3. akaramba zvakare: mutana, mutana, vatana, kuguma mutana mashoko - a.

4. Rasa mugumo. Base - mutana.

5. Nhongai zviratidzo mudzi chete: kukwegura, zera - old midzi.

6. Isu hamuna chinhu pamberi mudzi, ipapo chivakashure shoko kwete.

7. Nhongai mashoko pamwe suffix -ik-, kana ani. Man, mhuno - suffix - UK.

Sezvaunogona kuona, hapana kuoma iri kuongorora shoko kwete. Chikuru chinhu mukanyatsochengeta kutevera algorithm, kuti arege kurasikirwa uye zvose zvakarurama kuziva uye kunzwisisa chii morpheme. Mienzaniso morphemes siyana vanofanira kudzidza kusarudza zvakarurama.

Kana iwe nechokwadi yakarurama pamusoro pachisara unogona nguva dzose kuwana morphemic duramazwi mutauro wokuRussia uye vanoona kubva chero morpheme ndiro imwe shoko, chaizvo sei kuumbwa. Unogona kushandisa duramazwi pasi editorship Potihi Z. A. kana Tihonova A. N.

Saka, takadzidza kuti morpheme - ndiye muduku rinokosha shoko, vangosarudza ndedzipi morpheme uye akataura pamusoro mumwe nomumwe wavo. Also vakawana sei kuita morphemic kuongorora mashoko uye kuona muenzaniso ongororo iyi. Vakayeuchidzwa nemaduramazwi anogona kukubatsira kuziva kuti parsing mashoko. Tinovimba kuti nyaya yakanga richishanda kwauri.