MRP-kuronga hurongwa

Tisati muupenyu hwedu paiva nemakombiyuta, kudzora uwandu zvinhu zviri dzokuchengetera akaitwa rinoitwa nemaoko, uchishandisa chizvidavirire makadhi. Zvisinei, nzira iyi yaiva wokusavimbika, kazhinji pane kukanganisa, kukarukureta kukanganisa, uye kambani asina usimbe pfuma, akarasikirwa deadlines uye kurasikirwa mubereko. Sezvo pakutanga maindasitiri kushandisa michina kwacho kwave nyore chaizvo programmers. MRP maitiro zvainge dambudziko kudzora yokuchengetera zvinhu. Nokufamba kwenguva, nzira itsva yapararira pasi pose. Kuziva mamiriro ayo, mikana uye chikuru mabasa.

nyaya

Kokutanga pfungwa MRP (Iyi Zvinodiwa Planning) dzakatangira epakati 50s wekupedzisira remakore muUnited States. By tsanangudzo, mumwe mukuru Developers, J .. Orliski, ndiko watodaro maitirwo uye zvaanoda kuti vanofanira kusangana kurimwa purogiramu. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nzira iyi kugadzirwa zvakanaka kubudikidza kugadzirira zvirongwa uye hurukuro purogiramu ine mbishi zvinhu kana zvinoriumba. On hwaro yokungotaura yokuti MRP-ezvekuronga hurongwa yakazokudziridzwa.

Munda chikumbiro raiva basa pamwe zvinoriumba, Semi-dzapedza zvinhu, zvinhu uye yakananga rakapera zvigadzirwa. Mune USSR, nzira iyi yakatanga kushandiswa chete 70s. With veMubatanidzwa kombiyuta michina MRP gadziriro chinoshanda mauto-maindasitiri bhora, uye 80s - the wokutengesera bhizimisi. A nzira kunodiwa kuitira kwacho kuzvidzora uye zvekuvaka anopa yakakura Nomenclature. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiro guru maindasitiri makambani (semuenzaniso, injiniya zvinogadzirwa).

The chete dambudziko pamwe nzira itsva, nyanzvi vakatenda Kusarudzwa uye kukura ruzivo uye akarongeka software, hofisi michina. Zviri kwese kuti zvoga kugadzirwa uye kwesayenzi kwendangariro. Panyaya iyi, nyanzvi kusiyanisa mhando mbiri: computing uye ruzivo MRP hurongwa.

zvinangwa

Inobva munzvimbo zvichiita mafomu ose nzira iyi, vamwe zvinangwa vakanga akagadzira. MRP maitiro chendangariro waguta dzebhizimisi zvinodiwa zvinhu, zvinoriumba uye zvigadzirwa pakukurukura kuti vatengi. It anobvisa mari yakaderera nokuramba Inventory mumatunhu. In tsika, chinangwa zvinenge kuronga kugadzira akavhiyiwa uye zvokuvakisa purogiramu.

Uyewo MRP-hurongwa runoita kuti huwandu uye nguva yokupedzisira kugadzirwa pakuunganidza anodiwa zvinhu nokuti maererano kugadzirwa papurogiramu.

The algorithm

Ichitanga kushanda nokuda yakananga kutevedzana kwezviitiko nezviito. Danho rokutanga kuti optimum kugadzirwa purogiramu vakaronga nguva. Izvi kunobva kuongorora kugadzirwa chirongwa nomumwe.

In danho rechipiri chinofanira kuita zvemari nezvinhu uye zvinoriumba, izvo zvisina muzvirongwa pakuburitswa, asi zvakakodzera kuti kuzadziswa mutengi zvirevo (semuenzaniso, kavha, okuchengetera uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Inotevera Danho ndiyo Kubatana, sezvo zvinoda kuverenga zvachose kudiwa neimwe mhando nezvinhu, zvinoriumba, izvo zvichaita dzinoenderana Zvinoumba rokupedzisira chigadzirwa.

Uye pakupedzisira, zvinokosha kuronga maodha zvinhu. Mune ramangwana, zvichida kuchinja kuti mirairo, yakaumbwa pamberi nguva kwekuronga. Ndivo zvakakodzera kuitira kudzivirira kurwara-nenguva pakusununguka.

Terms uye Nzira

Nokuti anoita chero hurongwa kunoda zvimwe zvinhu. MRP maitiro hapana anosara. The Implementation pamusoro ERP kunobvira pamwe inobudirira kwemasvomhu nzira kufungidzira, Kuwanikwa noruzivo rwemakombiyuta, izvo zvinoita kuti nokukurumidza optimize mabasa. Uyewo kudiwa pekuronga utariri okuwana uye kwesayenzi pezvakaitwa uye.

MRP maitiro pachayo dzokwenyu pakusarudza yaro tichishandisa mhando kudiwa kuti vachida kugadzirwa. Pane mhando mbiri: akazvimirira uye kubatsirwa. Muchiitiko chokutanga kwokudiwa iri wakadenha hwokuzvimirira mumwe vatengi. Ndiyo zvokunze zvoupfumi chinhu, uye nokuti masimba kunoitika kuburikidza nyore redunhu chati.

Chechipiri maonero chinoratidza musana hupfumi ukama. It kunokonzerwa nokushandisa anoverengeka zvinoriumba mugadziri kuti kugadzirwa kwenhumbi. Somugumisiro, kudiwa nomumwe wavo anoumba rimwe ukama pagadzirwe kwokupedzisira chigadzirwa kumusoro. Kuti wakadaro kusvika nokuda pakuverenga chitsama pakubhadhara ose mbishi zvinhu zvinogona chinozoiswa MRP kirasi hurongwa.

zvinhu

Nzira iyi inoda kuronga ane mapazi marongerwo. MRP zvemamiriro ezvinhu akakamurwa kwezvavakaisa goho Data. Ivowo, zvinosanganisira Sub-zvinoriumba, vari pedyo informational uye kufambidzana, uye zvinopa unhu kufungidzira uye kurapa kugadzirwa kwacho.

chiyamuro

The chiyamuro date ndiyo kugadzirwa purogiramu, nokurondedzerwa uye mashoko pamusoro iripo mumatanda uye akazaruka (kureva. E. Zvikasaitika) varayirwa. Ivo basa rinokosha iri kuronga hurongwa.

Yokutanga Sub-chazvo iri inoumbwa hwakanyatsorwisa pasina kudiwa. zvinoreva kuti kushandisa michina kana kuronga maitiro asina. Saka, zviri wakasika noruoko maererano hunhu zvinodyiwa uye kuronga mari. Production purogiramu nguva inogona kupatsanurwa kuti nyore. Wokutanga havabvumiri kuchinja chero kuti zvinoda chaiwo kuurayiwa. In yechipiri kugadziridza nguva zvinogoneka, asi vanofanira kutevedza hurongwa zvinokosha mari. The mberi kumwedzi ichaongororwa, zvikuru simba ruzivo anooneka.

Specification - Nyora kana mazita zvinokosha mari kana zvinoumba por chikwata. Izvi zvinobatsira kuziva zvinhu kwezvokudya uye kushandisa muripo wayo. Zvinokoshawo kuti kutaridzwa nhamba mishonga uye aurayiwe nguva uye kuti pakusununguka. Nokuti kuramba kugadzirwa uye torega kapukanana Tracking muitiro iripo mbishi zvinhu uye tichienzanisa kwokutanga indices kunge chichiitwa.

Magadzirirwo Accounting kunobatsira kwakarurama kukarukureta yose inowanwa Resource zvinodiwa. Izvi rinoitwa Via MRP algorithm. kugadzirwa vakwanise kukarukureta yakarurama zvachose kudiwa Finished chigadzirwa dzakabatana uye zvinoumba kuvapo reserves data, ekufambisa chirongwa chete nhamba yakazaruka mirairo.

goho

chikamu ichi chine nesekondari mishumo anoshanda mune webetsero shanda hurongwa.

Wokutanga Sub-chikamu, akavapindurawo, kunomiririrwa:

• Vakaronga mirairo - purogiramu akoromoka kupinda yakareba (nguva uye kukosha akazaruka mirairo).
• Release nezvinhu kupinda kugadzirwa (uwandu mwero kukarukureta rinoitwa kufungisisa nhamba zvekuvaka mari).
• Kugadziridzwa kune kurongwa mirairo muchimiro kuchinja musi, bhuku nomurayiro wayo zvichibvira kukanzura.

Secondary Mishumo dzinoratidza kudzora aurayiwe mirairo maererano mashoko uye mari. Dzinovavarira kuratidza zvokutsauka kubva urongwa, kubatsira ngaaverenge mari inoshandiswa. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira yekuronga mishumo (pakukurukura zvibvumirano uye kutenga wazvipira). Mishumo iri chaiyo ezvinhu kunongedzera zvinopikisana uye zvikanganiso zviri mitsara mari.

Nokushandisa kombiyuta Michina MRP-ezvinhu anoita se purogiramu dzinoratidza yose kwacho chati.

zvakwakanakira

Kungofanana Chiitiko chaicho, nzira iyi ine zvayakanakira ayo nezvayakaipira kushandisa. The undoubted zvakanakira MRP gadziriro - ndiko:

• Mukana kuti kushandisa mashoko ari kudyiwa kupfuura mashoko akapoteredza takambosangana, uye kuisa pfungwa pane ramangwana (kuronga kukarukureta, kufungidzira).
• Mukana shoma mumatanda ose mbishi zvinhu. Izvi anoponesa kambani mari havashandisi mari yakawanda yacho Rental nzvimbo uye vakabhadhara netsvimbo.
• Kuwedzera uwandu turnover unodiwa.
• Streamlining kugadzirwa nenzira vachiongorora mamiriro neimwe mhando chikamu upfumi. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti zvakarurama chamber kunaka kugadzirwa kwacho.
• Kunze Kugadzirwa sokunonoka nokuda kwokushayiwa zvakafanira pfuma;
• Kuderedza ngozi murombo mberi varayirwa, uyewo kuderedza okukurumidzira basa.
• Chimwe chinokosha mukana MRP-kwava kugona kushandisa mashoko ayo mamwe logistics mabasa ari zvebhizimisi kana romugove cheni.

kutadza

Zvazvakashatira nzira iyi nokuronga dzinosanganisira:

• Kudiwa yakawanda mashoko yakarurama uye Masvomhu.
• MRP maitiro ane yakaderera mukana wokushandiswa, izvo zvinokanganisa zvikuru nenguva apindure kwokunze kuchinja pakuburitswa kana kupiwa mari.
• Kunzwisisa kwakaita nokudzora ezvinhu panguva kugadzirwa kuyerera mukuru uye Utilisation. Izvi zvinogona kunotoreva vakawanda yezvikanganiso, kwete chete pakufambira dzevanhu zvinhu, asiwo zvinetso hurongwa.
• MRP ari kuronga haagoni kufunga kurambidzwa vanokwanisa, bhuku kugadzirwa, uye dzimwe parameters. Saka dzimwe nguva logisticians chiso Masvomhu "mapenzi" anoratidzwa ne chirongwa.
• MRP-maitiro zvinoda zvinodhura uye refu-refu Implementation.

MRP II

Pakupera remakore rapfuura, American nyanzvi George Plosl, Oliver Uayt ndikabayira nani kuwana kuronga hurongwa, iyo yainzi MRP II. chikuru mukana Its ndechokuti anofukidza operative uye mari divi kugadzirwa, anofunga rwokugadzirwa vanokwanisa uye nokukosha operative kugadziridza kuti urongwa uye purogiramu. List mitambo kuwedzerwa zvinoda utariri, Modelling ari kugadzirwa kwacho maererano benchmarks yokuchengetera zvinhu uye kuongorora unongotaura. Munyika ino, migumisiro dzinoongororwa pamwechete, zvichiita MRP II kuronga zvakawanda anonzwisisa pachinhu zvimwewo zvinoitika.

ERP

Pasinei chinokosha matambudziko kukurira kuronga kugadzirwa, MRP-kwava kukwana hurongwa. Pachirehwa kuti logistic zvinhu chete mumwe mhando. Saka, mumakore 90 akanga akaita kusangana remapazi uye kugadzirwa, vashandi utariri uye zvemari utariri. Nyika itsva rinonzi ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). At moyo pfungwa iyi ndiyo pfungwa pakusika rimwe date yokuchengetera (kana dzigare mairi). Saka, MRP maitiro razova chikamu chikuru hurongwa.

Kunakisa nzira iri kushaya kudiwa kutaurirana mashoko pakati hurongwa uye zvinokosha nemari munguva uye zvemari mari nokuda vashandi. Nhasi, kuronga ERP zvinokosha makuru akaitwa. A bhizimisi duku uye svikiro inoomerera ikozvino-chaiwo MRP-hurongwa.