Muenzaniso uri ... kana kurondedzera muchidimbu chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru mutemo

The vakawanda nesayenzi uye inoshanda pfungwa muenzaniso - ndiko chinhu risati nekukatanura chiitiko kuti akashanda sehwaro inofungidzirwa ayo. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa muminda zivo uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva dzakawanda, zvisinei, kakawanda kushandiswa kana recollected pamutemo muenzaniso.

Izwi pachahwo muenzaniso (shoko rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatin - "yakapfuura") iri pamutemo mupfungwa, izvozvo akazviratidza muRoma yekare. Zvisinei, chete XVIII -. XIX remakore, mu Kujekerwa uye ari Industrial Revolution, zvikazikamwa zvinowanzoshandiswa Tsika mutemo.

Modern Law Dictionary anopa zvinotevera tsananguro: muenzaniso - nayo kare vakapiwa mutongo wedare iri imwe nyaya, iyo inova musimboti chisarudzo vamwe zvakafanana zviitiko.

Kubva tsanangudzo iyi tinogona kugumisa kuti muenzaniso - zviri, kupfuura zvose, chiito lawmaking, chikuru nyaya unova mutongi. Panguva iyoyowo, kukura kwebasa nezvakatongwa mutemo-kugadzira iri rakatetepa zvikuru pane kuti dzeparamende mutemo-kugadzira. Saka, nokuti mutongi muenzaniso haisi huru, uye Kubudirira ayo basa, izvo anogadzirwa chete mumamiriro pamutemo kuumbwa kuti aripo kare neimwe nyika.

Kudiwa muenzaniso pamutemo nokuti mutemo vari zvakakwana mukuru, saka haangatadzi varipo vanonzi "Makwanza mumutemo." Zviri mabasa avo uye vanofanira anoumba nezvakatongwa lawmaking, izvo pakupedzisira kutora nzvimbo yavo pamutemo hurongwa munyika.

Mune Kuongororwa huru manyuko mutemo kunofanira zvakajeka musiyano pfungwa ye "muenzaniso pamutemo" uye "jurisprudence". Muenzaniso - ndiko, pakutanga kwezvose, imwe mhinduro, asi pamutemo tsika dungwerungwe yose sarudzo zvakafanana dare kuti vari kubatwa gadziriro yakareba dare zvekufamba.

Panguva iyoyo zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti kwete nyika yose muenzaniso pamutemo itsime mutemo zvizere pfungwa yeshoko. Zvikuru sezvingatarisirwa, izvozvo wakakurira basa rinokosha munyika-Saxon sangano repamutemo (United Kingdom, South Africa, USA, Canada, India), zviri pamutemo hurongwa inotorerwa zvakasikwa pachishandiswa mhosva mutemo. Uyezve, pane inoti umo muenzaniso ukoshi inowedzerawo vane nguva: France, Liechtenstein, Germany, Spain, Latin America. MuRussia, panobva mutemo hakusi pamutemo, kunyange zvazvo vamwe mberi mumakore achangodarika vanowanikwa pano.

A klassiske Muenzaniso hurumende ine dzakabudirira nyaya-mutemo ndiye United Kingdom. Zvisinei, pano kunyange kuwanda midziyo, izvo zvinogona kuita zvisarudzo mune ramangwana vari Vanosungirwa zvose chaizvo zvakakomba shoma. Ava chete Repamusorosoro, High Court uye Imba Lords. Uyezve, matare vari ipapo kushandiswa mhinduro havana zvachose, asi chete avo chaikosha chaiyo - vanonzi "chaizvoizvo mhinduro", inova urongwa mutemo kushanda nenyaya kuzodzosera yakabuda maererano nechokwadi yakatangwa dare.