Mujuru - chii? Apo mujuru kurarama uye chii vakadya?

"Heroes 'nyaya yedu - mujuru. Chii? Chii dzinogarisana? Chii chavanoita kudya?

Mujuru - nayo masvosve?

Zvipembenene izvi, kunze akafanana masvosve, asi avo vasiri zvakafanana kunzwisiswa vanoonekwa nedenda rakaipisisa. Kubva zvakaitwa vanonzi "masvosve chena", ane chaiko ukama mapete, mumwe kusunda akapararira miti simba, akaparadza zvivako zvemapango ... Asi zvakare, vari kukanganisa chaicho utano hwevanhu. Mibvunzo pamusoro inongoitika nzvimbo mujuru kurarama, chii, chii kwadzinoita kwavo chokuvapo, dzinogarisana features, vari nyaya pakutsvakurudza vanodzidza. nyaya dzose idzi vanorondedzerwa anonzi zhinji uye pfungwa huru iri mapurogiramu zvesayenzi. Kwakadaro zvipembenene muchetura zvakawanda chepfu kubata navo makaumba basa rinokosha, asi matanho akatorwa chero nzira kuderedza kukuvadza kunokonzerwa nazvo.

Mune dzinongoitika nzvimbo kurarama mujuru?

Inogarwa mujuru? Kuwanda zvipenyu panyika iri kusvika zviuru zvitatu, vakawanda vacho vanogara subtropical uye dzinopisa zvikamu. On muganhu Russia chinomiririrwa kwemarudzi maviri chete, uye kuti aonekwa iri pedyo Vladivostok uye Sochi.

Kurarama Zvipembenene izvi yakakura mullions mapoka anonzi dzaitongwa; mumwe nomumwe wavo pane kupesana pachena kunyika vemapoka vari: kushanda munhu (ruzhinji), masoja, mambokadzi uye mambo. Makara kuti muviri mujuru mukuru zvichisiyana whitish yero kune nhema ruvara.

Description rwekuita vanhu vakaderera

Sei mujuru? Kushanda vanhu nyore chinozivikanwa rakatenderera musoro uye diki size: avhareji kureba zvavo mutumbi - chiedza uye akapfava (nokuda zvachose kugara dzinochengeterwa zvine mvura mhute) - asingasviki 1 sendimita. African mujuru, kazhinji zvinokambaira pamusoro penyika, dzinoratidzwa shava muviri. Underground mararamiro isakarurama zvakakanganisa nhengo kushanda nevanhu: mapofu kana kuona zvishomanana.

Kana masvosve vanoshanda chete mukadzi ari kushanda zvakatipoteredza, mujuru vane aroorane. basa ravo - kuchera tunnels, kuvaka murwi, kugadziridza, kuwana uye kuchengetedza zvokudya, kutarisira mwana. Uyewo kushanda mujuru zvokudya mauto vasingakwanisi kudya nokuda chaiyo nemamiriro musoro Kamudzira.

masoja juru

Varwi - rakatevera chakakandirwa, uye vanoshanda, asi anoita vamwe mabasa akawanda, uye ane somugumisiro akasiyana mamiriro. Varwi mujuru, iro Kuziviswa chiri siyanei kubva nokushanda vanhu vakaderera, kudzivirira nyuchi kubva nechitarisiko vavengi uye vakabata simba mandibles refu (shaya). Vamwe dzinopisa mhando zvemasoja juru Kuwedzera duku manda mumusoro, kuburikidza icho jekiseni kupinda yomuvengi chaiyo namira, unoomesa kana vachibatwa mhepo uye fettering kufamba ake. Masoja makuru musoro Kamudzira (yakatsvukuruka mashava, dema, chiedza yeyero kana orenji), anoita basa blockade ezvitanda tunnels somunhu akaita chivhariso, vasina mapapiro, uye mapofu. The duku mujuru (mhando idzi dzinowanikwa South America) iri mari yakasvika chete 2.5 mm; chikuru zvinosanganisira zvipembenene Mexico uye Arizona - 22 mm pakureba. Kana paine kuparadzwa rushoma ari murwi, dziviriro chiito gurusvusvu revarwi, achiedza kudzivisa muvengi zvaigumbura pfungwa kusvikira vashandi mujuru kugadzira musha wako. Panyaya iyi, masoja vanozviwana inobatwa pachavo uye havana mukana kubuda pairi.

King uye Queen

"Musoro" vanhu vakura ndiye zai-achiisa munhukadzi (mambokadzi) uye Mambo - munhurume, kuberekesa uye navamwe dzokubereka nezvipembenene. Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mujuru mambokadzi hwakakura kwazvo uye anogona kusvika 10 masendimita pakureba. Muviri munhukadzi vana panguva playback iri yakawedzera akawanda zana nguva, nokuti icho chikonzero isingakwanisi kutama vakazvimiririra uye akadya, uye zvinova vashandi kutarisirwa akatakura uye kudyisa nayo.

Queen anogara chikamu chakakosha pakati murwi, pamwe chete namambo wavo vari pedyo naye kwoupenyu hwose. Kukura zviri zvishoma akakura kudarika juru musoja uye ane oga kodzero zvisangane nemukadzi. Mushure fertilization, mukono kusiyana nevamwe masvosve, asingadi kufa.

Queen hadzi iri yakaorera chaizvo uye zvinogona Viga kusvika 3000 mazai pazuva. Zvinyorwa kuti batira anonzi Indo-malayan mhando, achibudisa wechipiri zai; digitaalinen nerokuti - vanopfuura 80 000 kanomwe pazuva. All nguva ino mudumbu munhukadzi ari dzinounzwa chaiwo ane pheromone fuma kuti kudyiwa nomufaro kushanda mujuru. The lifespan navahosi makore anenge gumi nemashanu, uye makore ose aya, mukono nehadzi akabata mumwe kuvimbika. Panguva kuvapo peya chiedza rinowanika zvinoverengeka miriyoni vanhu vana vaduku.

Zvinoumba unhu muduku

Vechiduku vari juru gomo "vabereki" kurarama kusvikira imwe nguva uye kusiya "imba yababa" panguva zvinofamba zvakawanda (chava kunopera - mangwanani zhizha) pokutangira naye. Panguva ino, vane anodzivirira chaizvo, nokuti pashure muchangosangana, mukono nehadzi akagura mapapiro ake. Vakawanda vaduku mujuru dziri nyore kuti madandaude, centipedes, zvipembenene kudya shiri. Lucky vachapukunyuka vanotanga kusika munhu dendere. Apiyari anosiya haisi zvose: a maviri shoma kuramba nyaya vakadzi zvinoita rufu kuti kunoitika Kazhinji.

Mikoko - kunzwisisa mamiriro

Sezvo zviri pachena kubva zita pacharwo, nomurwi - a "imba" yavanogara mujuru. Chii, chii zvinhu zviri kuri mukuvaka dzakadaro uye chii ndiyo mirayiro chokuvapo mairi "pachena"? Pashure kuberekwa vanoverengeka kushanda vanhu vekare yakakwana dzinotanga kuvaka itsva yakachengeteka nokuda yemberi nyuchi, nzvimbo zvakatemwa pedyo nomudzimai vechiduku. Chakatishamisa kukura nezvipembenene svosve vane incredible anokwanisa kuvaka "Vhudzi" huru ine oma ndima zvemukati maze, akakwidziridzwa pamusoro ivhu pose kupfuura 8 mamita. Vanyore murwi hombe, kukwirira riri 12.8 metres pamusoro pasi, akanga akanyorwa muZaire. Mumumvuri zvivako dzakadaro - toughest pezvivako chakavakwa kwete murume - achihwanda zuva Nyati, nzou nedzimwe mhuka huru. In chimiro juru pazvikomo dzaisiyana: vamwe akafanana machechi, mumwe yakatambarara nezvatinovavarira kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, nokuti raakanga apiwa zita "rinobva". Urongwa Izvi zvinobatsira usingashandi kupinda mukati rezuva nemwaranzi uye paumbwe chenguva microclimate mwando tembiricha.

The nemamiriro murwi

Juru rinosanganisira nyika chikamu (ndiro yakakwirira elevation) uye subterranean zvinosanganisira zvakawanda oma samambure tunnels uye zviduku dzimba. Material zvokuvaka ndiye Zvinoumba juru tsvina vashandi, mate kwavo, huni, chakaoma kupfuura madzinde uswa uye ivhu. Yakavakwa zvivako wemisanganiswa dzakadaro dzinoratidzwa mukuru mukurumari uye isapinda masvingo. Color murwi kazhinji anoenderana noruvara ivhu uye kwete pachena kuti pazvikara, kubatanidzwa nomumwe pamwe yakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza. Muchikamu pano chikamu chacho kakawanda akaisa makamera ana mazana, mazai, "howa minda" uye grid pakati kufefetedza pakati tunnels hombe. Ikoko unogona kuchengeta purazi duku thermophiles - mhuka secrete chaiwo zvinhu nomufaro inonanzva mujuru. Nokudaro symbiosis kunoitika therebetween, sezvamakaropafadzwa kurutivi rwechipiri - thermophiles (muenzaniso wakajeka - kubhururuka termitokseniya) - anogamuchira akapfuma chikafu kunobva uye yakanaka microclimate.

Location pazvikomo

In dzinopisa ezvinhu (matunhu mwando kugara kunonaya) juru pazvikomo kazhinji akaisa kumusoro miti; akavaka dendere matavi akabatanidzwa zvakasimba kuti angakudzivisai yakaipisisa yemadutu. Kuti asvike tyazhelodostupnogo mujuru dzokugara, kuti vachiona kure kubazi. Dzimwe nhengo infraorder vanogara muti hunde dzacho, Enrugado asiwo chaizvo midzi unotii. In dzisinganayi nharaunda (somuenzaniso, Central Asia) juru pazvikomo dziri yakadzika pasi pevhu, uye pasi pose hapana nyevero zviratidzo pamberi zvavo munzvimbo ino.

The chikafu pamusoro mujuru

Zvokudya mujuru vari zvinhu kunonyanya kubva miriwo mavambo, somuenzaniso yakaoma huni, riri kukonzerwa kugaya flagellates - nyore zvinenge vanogara ura. Panzira, mudumbu uye ura juru anorarama vanenge 200 mhando majemusi, zvachose guru riri 1/3 nguva kurema Tupukanana. Vari muzvikamu nyore digestible shuga inedible huni.

Anokwanisa pachavo zvokudya chete kushanda nevanhu, vane sarudzo zvokudya zvimwe akaturikidzana vanhu vakaderera. Masoja, nokuda unsustainable kukura mandibles uye kushomeka kukura nezvimwe zvikamu muromo, asingagoni kutsenga zvokudya pachavo, asi nokuti vapfumi vari kufura zvinovaka muviri tsvina vashandi kana secretions pamuromo, uko ukuparadze namambo uye mambokadzi. Mazana, mujuru kudya mate vakuru uye zvavhuvha spores ose notumwe. residues siyana varipo muvhu - kuorera mazviri huni, mupfudze, mashizha, ganda mhuka - akadyiwa vashandi, asi zvokudya chete haina kunyura uye mutsvina yadzo gumusoyadnyh vanhu ipapo anoshandisa mumwe mushandi juru kana nemasoja. Saka, mumwe chete zvokudya kakawanda ichipfuura dzakatevedzana muura kusvikira vakadzidza. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny, nenzira, ndivo chete vane mhepo chiridzwa "didgeridoo", zvakaitwa Eucalyptus mapazi, chinoumba uko akadyiwa mujuru.

Basa mujuru zvakasikwa

Uye tinoda mujuru nei? Chii uye chii nebasa razvinoshanda mu zvakatipoteredza? Zvakasikwa, izvi tupukanana chemuTestamente processors muriwo residues; uyewo kuburikidza navo vari vakaumba uye hwakasimba rokumusoro ivhu akaturikidzana. Zvinofungirwa kuti kusunungurwa zvipembenene izvi mukufamba kwavo mabasa, methane rinobatanidzwa zvinonyatsorehwa girinihausi gasi maturo. Mujuru zvavo zvachose biomass akafanana ne yose biomass ose pano vertebrates.

Mujuru pamunhu

With murume, zvinosuruvarisa haritauri kutanga ushamwari mujuru. In dzinopisa zviri tupukanana ngozi kuti kuparadza zvivako emapuranga: ivo kutsenga fenicha, uriri, mabhuku. Somuenzaniso, muSoutheast Asia nokuda mujuru dzimwe nguva unofanira kutamira imwe nzvimbo mumaguta uye maguta. Kurwisa kwavo hasha kwakaita kuti pakudhirika kwezvivako. Pamwe earthworms uye masvosve mujuru kuita basa rinokosha mune riparadzirwe ivhu zvinhu; shiri dzinobhururuka zvokudya vakawanda nezvikara.

Kuti tizive kuvapo nezvipembenene izvi ndizvo zvakaoma. Domestic mujuru vari uchishanda mukati, vachisiya sanganisika chokunze nevamwe. Havaiti kunyange kusanamata mari: muna 2008 mumwe muzvinabhizimisi akawana neguruva kuchengetedzeka uye mari yake vakachengetwa dhipoziti bhokisi.

Zvinoshamisa, asi mujuru tiri mumwe kupfuura mukurumbira Tupukanana uchibika nokuda mukuru kugutsikana mapuroteni. Amazon MaIndia kuvagadzirira grilli, vakagochwa warwo muto kana rodzvurwa kugadzirira omesa. In Nigeria, kunyange kutengeswa thermite bouillon cubes.