Mukana mutengo - chii ichi?

Chero basa upenyu pachahwo - dzakatevedzana sarudzo. Kusarudza kushandisa atambira mari iri kutenga michina mitsva, muridzi anoramba isingaperi uwandu zvichibvira mafomu. Pano uye pane mukana mari. Zvinonzi projected mari kubva chisarudzo nyasha yakanakisisa kungaitwa pashure vakaronga zvokuita. Ivo zvaizobatsira kubatsira izvo zvaifanira kusiyiwa, zvichiita yokupedzisira sarudzo. Zvakaverengerwa pfungwa - vanzwisise kuti zvakanakisisa wakanyatsokodzera kugadzirisa wezvikamu zviviri oga zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, kusarudza pakati kutenga pamusoro atambira mari iri kuitika nguva itsva michina kana nokuwedzera basa vachida vashandi.

History of kudzidza

Shoko rokuti "mukana mutengo" - munhu zvinhu inogadzirwa yeAustria Economist Friedrich of Wieser. Akatanga akarishandisa mubhuku rake "dzidziso Social Economy," rakabudiswa muna 1914. Zvisinei, pfungwa vagara vari zvedzidzo munharaunda. Benjamin Franklin akagadzira akakurumbira shoko: "Nguva imari -". Pfungwa yake akarondedzera mubhuku "Mazano vaduku vatengesi" muna 1764. Franklin anotaura muenzaniso munhu anotambira mari mashereni gumi pazuva. Funga zororo rake. Regai anopedza pamusoro varaidzo akabatana uye masikati. Pakutanga, ayo mari dziri pachena. akabatana ichi. Zvisinei, pane nzira mukana mari - the mashereni mashanu, izvo aigona yaishandirwa hafu zuva. Nokudaro yakakurumbira Mutsara Franklin iyoyo - nguva dzose mari. Zviri kwakaonekawo pamberi pfungwa mukana mutengo iri rondedzero "Chokwadi chokuti tinoona uye chii harioneki" Frederic Bastiat, akanyorwa muna 1848. Munyori anotaura muenzaniso dimikira kugurwa moto. It debunks vakawanda vachidavira kuti chii njodzi, hondo, ugandanga, uye dzimwe zvomunyama zvinogona kukonzera zvoupfumi kukura. Musimboti dimikira iri kuti mukomana akagogodza hwindo akamhanyira bhekari. aizovatsiva kunodyira 3000 mureza dzakabatana. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti chiitiko ichi hachisi kunaka. Glazier vachagamuchira mamwe 3,000 kwakajairika dzakabatana, ipapo kupedza navo, uye izvi zvichaita kuti kumutsidzira yomunharaunda upfumi. Zvisinei, pfungwa yakadaro, maererano Bastiat, pane kukanganisa. It iri chokwadi kuti nomubiki kupedza mari iri kudzorera hwindo yake muhomwe. Uye mari iyi vachawana shoma mamwe vaburitsi mudunhu. Pashure pezvose, aigona kuva zvinogona vatengi nomubiki. Naizvozvo, upfumi haina makapfumiswa, uye akarasikirwa 3,000 kwakajairika dzakabatana. Vamiririri Keynesian anotenda kuti mukomana anogona kubatsira upfumi, asi chete munguva dzenhamo, kana zvinhu zviri underutilized. YeAustria nezvoupfumi kufanana Bastiat panguva yake, kududzira dimikira zvimwe. Ngatitii mukomana chaizvoizvo vaibhadhara glazier. Zvadaro, kamwe zvinova pachena kuti chaizvoizvo pane kuba 3000 kwakajairika dzakabatana. Upfumi haisi yakapfumisa, benefitted bedzi glazier, uye tichiregeredza nevamwe.

Kukoshesa

Kana ane entrepreneur asarudza pamusoro mubhizimisi mari, ari kutsvaka nezvechisarudzo pamwe chemhando kudzoka. Kazhinji vakaverenga kutarisirwa mwero mari profitability uye payback nguva. Zvisinei, chero chisarudzo chokupedzisira anogara hwakazarawo pamwe chidzoke kungaitwa pane mari. Somuenzaniso, imwe entrepreneur anoita sarudzo pakati kutenga michina mitsva uye mari securities. Chii asingadi sarudzo yakaitwa, inobatanidzwa mukana mari. Ndiwo musiyano pakati akatarisirwa profitability pakati kusarudza vakasarudzwa, uye kuti, izvo zvaifanira kusiyiwa.

Mukana mari inoitawo basa rinokosha Pakusarudza guru mamiriro. Chisarudzo chokuwedzera nguva dzose chokuita nezvimwe zvinhu. Uye kururama wokufembera chaidzo profitability kunobva yakarurama sarudzo. Chimwe maitiro chinokosha ngozi. Zvinokoshawo kufunga kana kuita chisarudzo. Kuvapo pangozi chikonzero kuti kambani haisi nguva dzose kusarudza inonyanya kutengeswa chine musoro, Pakutanga, mumwe musiyano.

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Economic mukana mari - vanzwisise kuti haawanzopiwi kushandiswa vanhuwo zvavo. Asi chokwadi, kushandiswa kwayo mukuita chinokosha zvisarudzo chokuita embezzlement mari, zvingava anobatsira. Somuenzaniso, funga kutenga idzva imba hombe. Ruzhinji pachisarudzo Zvinongoreva funga zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira ane rwokutenga akadaro, vachaonga pakuenzanisa yenyu rokubhengi. Asi nekuti tiri kupotsa mukana mutengo. It ingangodaro imwe imba huru, hatisi saka zvakakodzera, uye mari iyi inogona kupedzerwa pakufamba kana dzidzo kuti achaunza ruzivo itsva uye ruzivo kuti achaunza mari mune ramangwana. Kana funga mumwe muenzaniso. Ngatitii isu kutenga ose zuva rimwe Cheeseburger for $ 4.5. Kana muitiro uyu vacharamba kwemakore 25, ichi achatungamirira kwete chete kuti Kuipa utano hwedu. Panyaya iyi, mukana mari akaenzana $ 52.000. Uye ichi, kana chete kuti vateye profitability mwero mari muna 5%.

yakajeka mari

Kune mhando mbiri mukana mutengo. Yakajeka chokuita zvakananga mari mari vagadziri. Somuenzaniso, simba mari chakaita kuti kuti kambani pamwedzi $ 100. mari iyi inogona kupedzerwa Somuenzaniso, nokuti akadzikunura kuva purinda. Yakajeka mukana mari dziri $ 100.

kunditsoropodza mari

Kusiyana boka mari rokutanga, hadziwaniki pachena nekambani nepakati papepa. Vari chokuita pangozi yokukundikana. Somuenzaniso, imwe kambani akatenga matani 1,000 hwendarira uye michina kutanga kugadzirwa dzimwe michina. Zvakaburitswa mukana mari iyi nyaya ichava akaenzana mari vakarasika nokuti akanga asina wakatengesa atenga, kwete dzokurenda kubva simba ravo.

Kusarudza muzvizhinji kuti

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mukana mutengo - iri chero zvazvingava zvisingaiti uwandu kwemari kuti pane zvose. Izvi zvazvingava chokudzoka ndomumwe wavo chete. Tom, ndiani kudzoka wechipiri-kutarisirwa. Kana munhu akasarudza kwete kushanda, sezvo ari muenzaniso Franklin, ipapo pfungwa iyi hwakazarawo pamwe mukana mutengo. Kana tafunga kuenda kufirimu pane kuva kuzogara muhofisi, mari kuwedzera. Vachava akaenzana chitsama kuti angadai chichiwanikwa pazuva, uye ndinoiitawo Mari matikiti.

Law mukana mutengo

Production mikana munyonga chinoratidza kusarudza pane mbiri kwacho. Kana kutarira mariri, pakarepo zvinova pachena kuti mukana mari kuwedzera pamwe bhuku goho kwenhumbi uye rutapudzo nomumwe. Zvakaratidza kuti pamusoro nguva, unofanira kubayira uchiwedzera chechipiri zvakanaka. Just nezvazvo mutemo kuwedzera mukana mutengo. oparesheni Its imhaka chokuti haana mari zvose zviri pasi nokudenga uye kuchinjaniswa. Ngatitii tiri kukura zviyo uye gorosi, asi akasarudza zvishoma kutanga reorientation achitsigira yaimbova. Zvisinei, kwete nyika yose iri zvakafanana yakakodzera kumhara zvose siyana. Uye isu uchatanga kushandisa zvishoma zvokufambisa nzvimbo pamusoro nguva.

Deadweight kurasikirwa

Zvino, kana tiri afunga kuti mukana mutengo - musiyano mwero kunotarisirwa kudzoka Ipfungwa kusarudzwa uye wechipiri zvakanakisisa dzimwe, ungafunga funga zvimwe pfungwa. The pedyo ari zvinoreva kuti pfungwa iri irrecoverable varasikirwa. Musiyano iri chokwadi kuti vafunga atopedzera mari. Kana tikafunga nezvekuti mukana cost, huwandu vachiri muhomwe dzedu. Unogona chero nguva kushandura chisarudzo, uye mari mune imwe nzira. Asi irrecoverable nezvinhu simuka patinenge paakapiwa purofiti dzedu. kukarukureta wavo kwakabatana kushaya yakasarurwa.

muenzaniso

In dambudziko redu, asi entrepreneur ane mbiri zvokusarudza. Wokutanga kunoratidzwa bhizimisi iri pamusika wemari. Yechipiri - mari iri kutenga michina mitsva, achitarisira kuti kuchawedzera negoho kugadzirwa. Izvi zvichaguma yakaderera anodawo mari uye kuwedzera purofiti varikumahombekombe. Ngatitii zvibereko pamusoro kuchengetedzeka ndiyo 12%. Uye kutenga midziyo kuchaunza chete 10% chete gore rakachengetedzwa uwandu. Chokwadi, boka achasarudza wokutanga kuzvipedza - bhizimisi securities. A mukana mari - riri ichi muenzaniso 2% of rakachengetedzwa uwandu.